武汉远城区都市农业产业化初探

本文在分析武汉远城区都市农业发展机遇与挑战并存的背景后,提出武汉都市农业产业化势在必行,并结合武汉远城区农业发展实际,提出三项对策,包括整合科技资源,实现农业科技化;推行农机作业,实现农业机械化;探索良性机制,实现农业市场化。     

神经网络与暴雨泥石流灾害预报

建立了用于暴雨泥石流适时预报的人工神经网络模型，在荒溪分类和危险区划分基础上，结合北京山区暴雨泥石流例子，验证模型判别结果与实际情况相符，应用效果良好。     

Inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth by root-infecting fungi in soil of a rice paddy field

 Rice seedling growth, estimated by plant height and root development and discoloration, was better in pasteurized soil than in unpasteurized soil obtained from a flooded rice field. Rice seedlings also grew better in sterilized soil modified by adding roots harvested from the pasteurized soil than in soil modified by adding roots harvested from the unpasteurized soil. The results demonstrate that seedling growth in the rice field soil was inhibited by soil microorganisms, even though no typical symptoms such as seedling blight or damping-off appeared. Pythium aristosporum is suggested to be involved in the inhibition. Thus, it appears that inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth could occur in soils of rice paddy fields. Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002 Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Ichitani, former professor at Osaka Prefectural University, for providing an isolate of Pythium aristosporum for comparison, and Mr. Mitsuaki Sato of Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture for technical assistance.     

鳗鲡爱德华氏病病原菌及一新种

本文报道在我国浙江省发现的鳗鲡爱德华氏病病原菌特征。从患病鳗鲡内脏分离到9株菌,用其中的E895205等4株菌进行人工感染,死亡率均为100％,与自然发病症状相似。这些菌株的特征一致。均为G~-短杆菌,单个,周鞭毛,兼性厌氧,发酵葡萄糖产酸产气。氧化酶阴性,接触酶阳性,产H_(?)S。不能利用柠檬酸盐和丙二酸盐作为唯一碳源,鸟氨酸和赖氨酶脱羧酶阳性。属爱德华氏菌属细菌。比较已报道的四个种,认为E895205等菌株为一新种,定名为浙江爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella zhe jiangensis sp. nov.)。     

直接式太阳能干燥系统的热性能分析及应用

针对直接式太阳能干燥系统在实际应用过程中会存在干燥物料表面温度过高导致品质低下的问题,该文自行设计搭建一种直接式太阳能干燥系统,以红薯为干燥对象对该系统进行试验分析;同时在综合考虑室外气象参数、干燥物料热物性、搭建系统特性的基础上,基于能量平衡原理建立系统热性能动态数学模型,利用MATLAB2014a进行编程求解出干燥物料表面温度,将干燥物料表面温度的试验值与模拟值进行相关性分析,并对设计搭建的直接式太阳能干燥系统的应用进行分析。研究结果表明:物料表面温度的试验值与模拟值之间的决定系数为0.98,均方根误差为1,说明建立的系统动态热性能数学模型能够较准确的预测室内干燥物料表面温度,对防止物料表面温度过高导致物料干燥品质下降具有重要意义;直接式太阳能干燥系统的平均干燥速率比开放式太阳能干燥系统高7.7 g/h,干燥系统所获得的总热能量为3.92 k W?h,其平均太阳能热利用效率为21.23%。     

Soybean oil content QTL mapping and integrating with meta-analysis method for mining genes

Oil content of soybean was a valuable quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Eleven QTLs were detected by both CIM and MIM method with the population crossed between Charleston and Dong nong594 in recent 3 years (2007, 2008, 2009). Combining the QTLs collected over the past 20 years, an integrated map of oil-content major QTLs in soybean was established using soymap2, which was published in 2004, as a reference. Using the software BioMercator ver.2.1, QTLs were projected from their own maps onto the reference map. In total, ninety-eight QTLs were integrated into soymap2. A meta-analysis method was used to narrow down the confidence interval, and 20 consensus QTLs and their corresponding markers were obtained. Using a local version of GENSCAN, 10,137 sequences in the consensus QTL intervals were predicted. With BLAST, these predicted genes were compared to the International Protein Index database to mine the related genes. The results offer a basis for gene mining and molecular breeding in soybean.     

含铅的多元氢阴极电催化性能的研究

用电沉积法制备Ｍｏ－Ｗ－Ｎｉ－Ｐｂ－Ｃａ多元活性阴极，研究了在０．５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ Ｈ２ＳＯ４中的析氢反应，结果表明，多元阴极具有较高的电催化活性，其析氢过电位比软钢阴极降低３０５ｍＶ，ｉ０提高三个数量级，且有较好的稳定性，并用光电子能谱研究了表面组成和结构。证实表面有：Ｎｉ，ＮｉＯ，ＭｏＯ２，ＭｏＯ＾２－４，ＷＯ３，ＰｂＯ２，ＰｂＯ，Ｃａ＾＋＋等物质。     

Heterosis,molecular diversity,combining ability and their interrelationships in short duration maize (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Zea mays</Emphasis> L.) across the environments

Five inbred lines, 10 single cross maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids and two standard cultivars as check were used to study the combining abilities and heterosis under three environmental conditions. Random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) markers were used to study the genetic diversity (GD) and further to analyze relationship of RAPDs based GD with combining ability and heterosis in short duration maize. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients and linear regressions were analyzed to identify the most important factor determining heterosis and per se performance of the hybrids. Variances due to general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and their interactions with environment were found to be significant. Twenty random primers generated 179 RAPD fragments. Of these, 102 RAPD fragments were polymorphic. GD was determined using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, and a dendogram was constructed by UPGMA cluster analysis. The RAPDs based GD exhibited non-significant negative or positive association, non-significant linear regression along with very low coefficient of determination (R ²) with SCA, high and mid parent heterosis (HP and MP) and per se performance of the hybrids. Significant positive correlations and regressions along with high coefficients of determination were recorded for SCA with HP, MP and per se performance of the hybrids. The HP and MP also established significant positive association and linear regression along with high coefficient of determination with per se performance of hybrids whereas the parental mean did not establish any significant correlations with the GD, HPH, MPH and grain yield of F₁s. The present investigation, therefore, did not find any role of RAPDs based GD in determining hybrid heterosis and hybrid performance in short duration sub-tropical maize. The SCA, however, has emerged as the most important factor in determination of heterosis as well as per se performance of the hybrids in short duration maize.     

论农地规模经营的一般规律及发展前景

分析研究了人口、生态和技术的变迁对农地规模经营的影响。在长期的历史变迁中，中国农业的发展在人口压力下形成了与追求产量最大化相一致的小规模经营，且随着集约化技术的发展，小规模经营愈加强化。技术变迁的历史表明：完善的市场化措施和社会化服务体系的建立，完全可以在目前小农经营基础上改造传统农业并促进农业生产的进一步发展。