纳米纤维素晶体的制备及表征

采用超声波辅助硫酸水解、高速离心取其上清层水溶胶的方法由微晶纤维素(MCC)制备纳米纤维素晶体(NCC),并采用场发射透射电子显微镜(FETEM)、场发射环境扫描电子显微镜(FEGE-SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)对所制备NCC的尺寸与形态、结构、组成和光谱性质进行分析。结果表明:FETEM和FEGE-SEM观察所制备纳米纤维素晶体形态相同,呈棒状,直径和长度主要分布在2～24nm和50～450nm;XRD图谱表明NCC仍属于纤维素Ⅰ型,结晶度为77.29%,晶粒尺寸为3～6nm;FTIR分析表明所制备的纳米纤维素晶体仍然具有纤维素的基本化学结构。     

中国马铃薯生产风险区划实证研究

为探寻中国马铃薯生产风险的分布特征及适宜的种植区域,以1992—2013年中国19个马铃薯主产省的数据,综合考虑马铃薯生产过程中自然、市场和技术等风险,以减产率、变异系数、减产率小于10%和30%的发生概率以及种植规模指数等9个变量构建风险区划的指标体系,利用非参数核密度法计算风险发生概率,基于聚类法进行风险区划的实证。结果表明：中国马铃薯种植区被分为5个风险区,中国北部地区马铃薯生产风险较高,中西部地区的生产风险较低,南部地区的生产风险中等。究其原因,是由于马铃薯品种的混种、南北地区气温、降水迥异导致。研究结果为未来中国马铃薯生产布局的调整和防灾减灾措施的制定提供决策依据。     

Effect of laccase on dyeing properties of polyphenol-based natural dye for wool fabric

Chemical mordants are generally used during the dyeing process, to increase the uptake of natural dyes. Traditional mordants include metal salts, such as copper, iron, aluminum, chromium, and other metal ions. Continuous developments in bio-engineering technology focus on methods that lower the impact on the environment. In this regard, enzymatic processes show great promise in textile field, due to their efficacy, mild conditions, and environment friendly nature. Laccase is a multicopper oxidoreductase that catalyzes in-situ polymerization of small phenolic monomers to form a colorful polymer. In this study, effects of laccase treatment on the dyeing properties of wool fabrics, dyed with natural dyes (turmeric, grape seed extract, and Chinese gallnut), were investigated. The dyeing properties of the dyed wool fabrics were evaluated under different conditions, including laccase stoichiometry, temperature, pH, and reaction time. The structural changes of natural dyes, due to laccase catalyst were also examined by FT-IR. The results showed that laccase greatly influenced the dyeing performance of Chinese gallnut. Moreover, dyeing effects of the samples using post-mordanting method was better than the other two methods, under the same conditions. After laccase treatment, the dyeing properties of Chinese gallnut improved. Finally, factors affecting the dyeing process with Chinese gallnut were studied and the optimized conditions were determined through single-factor experiments.     

福建水稻单产保险费率厘定研究

准确的费率厘定对推动农作物保险发展至关重要,它将有助于实现作物保险“农民买得起、保险公司赔得起、政府补得起”。通过使用正态分布、卡方分布、Weibull分布、Logistic分布、Gamma分布、极小值分布和非参数核密度分布等7种模型对福建省水稻单产的概率分布进行了拟合,并对应地厘定了水稻单产保险的纯费率。并利用经验费率法厘定了水稻单产的纯费率。最终在获得8个纯费率估计值的基础上,应用算术平均厘定费率方法,求得福建水稻单产保险纯费率为1.2922%,据此计算了福建水稻单产保险的费率。结果能为开展福建水稻区域产量保险厘定费率时予以参考。     

用玉米醇溶蛋白涂膜保鲜牛肉的研究

采取不同灭菌方式对鲜牛肉进行表面灭菌,在不同组成的涂膜保鲜剂中浸渍一定时间,在0～4℃下贮存。结果表明：用有机酸混合液(2%醋酸+0.25%柠檬酸+0.1%抗坏血酸)对鲜牛肉进行表面灭菌后,在10%玉米醇溶蛋白+0.03%植酸+0.2%柠檬酸的80%乙醇溶液中浸渍1 min,0～4℃下贮存,保鲜期达35 d,各项指标仍符合国家鲜肉二级鲜度标准。     

A new model substrate for cutinase hydrolyzing polyethylene terephthalate

This study aimed at comparatively investigating the enzymatic hydrolysis of a new model substrate water-soluble polyester (WSP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with cutinase. The changes of WSP solution properties were investigated by measuring pH value, alkali consumption, and specific viscosity. The results indicated that pH value of enzymatically treated WSP solution was decreased, causing an increase in alkali consumption. The decreases in specific viscosity and the glass transition temperature (T _g ) of WSP treated with cutinase indicate the decrease in its molecular weight as demonstrated in gel permeation chromatography analysis (GPC). Cutinase treatment resulted in an improvement of the hydrophilicity of PET fabrics, which was determined by dye uptake and water contact angle.     

马尾松充脂材制浆性能研究

在试验分析的基础上，探讨了马尾松充脂材化学组成，纤维形态的变化，以及制浆造纸的可行性。为充脂材在造纸工业的应用提供理论依据。     

新疆少数民族大学生汉语言专业外国文学教学改革探析

外国文学是汉语言专业少数民族学生的一门必修专业基础课,是汉语言专业少数民族学生教学的重要组成部分。但是在这门课程教学过程中却存在着让任课教师和众多学生深感头疼的一些问题,本文主要研究分析新疆汉语言专业少数民族学生的外国文学教学现状,找出教学中存在的问题,并提出相应的教学对策,提高教学效果。     

用萝卜苗作桃蚜植物寄生主繁殖烟蚜茧峰

研究了用萝卜苗作桃蚜寄主植物繁殖烟蚜茧蜂的技术。结果表明，在温度20－25℃、湿度75％的条件下，桃蚜的繁殖速度最快，10d内即可获得大量的桃蚜。用不同虫龄的蚜虫接蜂，蚜龄越低寄生率越高；在不同温中，25℃下寄生率最高。桃蚜的密度能影响烟蚜茧蜂的寄生率，密度在100－200头时接蜂1对（雌：雄），寄生率最高，可达80％。经连续10代分别在不同蚜龄时繁峰，虽然寄生率均随代数的增加而降低，但对低蚜龄时开始寄生的蚜茧蜂生长发育影响不大，其寄生率仍较其它蚜龄为高。在繁蜂室内用萝卜苗饲养桃蚜繁殖烟蚜茧蜂取得满意的结果。该技术设备简单，短期内可以获得较大量的烟蚜茧峰，供防治桃蚜之用。     

加什科羊产肉性能测定

1991年10月中旬对加什科羊进行产肉性能测定.测定结果:6月龄羯羔、1.5岁羯羊、成年羯羊胴体重分别为10.25,13.99,22.54kg,屠宰率分别为43.35%,44.59%,49.55%.结果说明:加什科羊产肉性能已达到品种指标要求,产肉性能较好,高于藏羊,早熟性优于青海半细毛羊,为提高草原畜牧业的产肉量和推进季节性畜牧业的技术水平提供了种质基础.