Degradation of pentachlorophenol by potato polyphenol oxidase

In this study, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was extracted from commercial potatoes. Degradation of pentachlorophenol by potato PPO was investigated. The experimental results show that potato PPO is more active in weak acid than in basic condition and that the optimum pH for the reaction is 5.0. The degradation of pentachlorophenol by potato PPO reaches a maximum at 298 K. After reaction for 1 h, the removal of both pentachlorophenol and total organic carbon is >70% with 6.0 units/mL potato PPO at pH 5.0 and 298 K. Pentachlorophenol can be degraded through dechlorination and ring-opening by potato PPO. The work demonstrates that pentachlorophenol can be effectively eliminated by crude potato PPO.     

长江经济带产业—碳排放—土地协同发展研究

[目的] 研究长江经济带产业发展、土地利用及碳排放指数间的内在响应关系及作用机理,为区域协同发展提供思路。[方法] 基于GM (1,1)预测模型对产业发展、土地利用及碳排放指数进行灰色预测后进行耦合协调度分析,并运用PVAR模型探讨三者间的响应关系。[结果] ①区域各要素间的耦合度高于协调度,耦合协调状态呈增长趋势,而区域内部则呈现自下游至上游的降低趋势。②土地利用强度对于产业发展于前两期呈正向冲击,产业发展对碳排放为滞后2期内的先负而后转正冲击的倒V型波动趋势,土地利用对碳排放呈现明显的正相关脉冲响应。③三要素主要依赖于自身的发展路径,但产业发展对碳排放强度的解释力高于土地利用强度对其的解释力,而随着期数的增加,二者对碳排放的影响趋势均呈现增长趋势。[结论] 经济发展过程中产业结构调整及土地利用的配置和保障不可或缺,而碳排放作为未来发展中的重要制约因素也不可忽视,探索三者间的响应关系,能够更好地为区域协调发展提供依据。     

贵州省金沙县马路乡新农村建设成果调研报告

通过对贵州省金沙县马路乡新农村建设情况的实地调研,总结马路乡新农村建设的成功经验,提出新农村建设存在的问题和今后努力的方向。     

恩诺沙星人工抗原的合成与鉴定

采用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯法,将恩诺沙星（ENR）分别与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）和卵清蛋白（OVA）连接,制备人工免疫原ENR-BSA和包被原ENR-OVA,经紫外扫描分析和动物免疫试验证实人工抗原合成成功,研究结果对抗恩诺沙星单克隆抗体的制备具有重要意义.     

益生素促进芦蒿增产应用研究

益生素是含有多种有效微生物群的微生态制剂，其功效之一是促进植物生长。研究表明，益生素生物制剂能促进芦蒿幼芽萌发和植株地上部生长，增产明显，试验结果总增产为25．3％，经济效益显著，投入产出比为1：7．4，因此益生素生物制剂在芦蒿生产中有较高的推广应用价值。     

基于叶绿体基因组探讨地黄属及其近缘类群的系统发育关系

利用叶绿体基因组序列对地黄属及其近缘类群的系统发育关系进行研究。基于GenBank公共数据库,下载地黄属及相关类群的叶绿体全基因组序列52条(50个物种),包括广义玄参科物种23种、近缘类群17种和外类群8种(木犀科和苦苣苔科),分别采用最大似然法及贝叶斯推断进行系统发育分析。结果表明,叶绿体全基因组数据能够显著提高系统发育分析的支持率;广义玄参科不是一个单系;除外类群外,我们共得到5个分支,分别为列当科、泡桐属、肉果草属、玄参属、车前科。地黄属形成一个单系,为列当科其它属的基部类群。列当科内物种间叶绿体基因组大小及所包含的基因数目均差异显著。本研究结果支持APG系统对相关科属的处理,包括将婆婆纳属、腹水草属、毛地黄属从广义玄参科移出至车前科;火焰草属、钟萼草属、马先蒿属、地黄属移出至列当科;泡桐属独立为泡桐科。     

2012年四川省稻飞虱大发生特点及原因分析

2012年四川省稻飞虱大发生,具有迁入时间特别早、迁入峰次多、灯下田间虫量大、发生面积大等特点。造成大发生的原因主要是境外虫源基数大,根据工作经验判断作为四川省虫源地的广西虫量大以及四川省今年的气候条件有利于稻飞虱的迁飞、繁殖。     

豆粕有机肥与化肥配施对大棚春黄瓜产量品质和土壤肥力的影响

为了探明豆粕有机肥与化肥氮素不同配施比例对大棚黄瓜的肥料效应,采用田间试验,研究了单施豆粕有机肥、豆粕有机肥与化肥配施和单施化肥对黄瓜产量、品质和肥料利用率以及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,在相同氮、磷、钾施用量条件下,单施豆粕肥或单施化肥以及豆粕肥与化肥配施均可显著提高黄瓜总产量,M2N1、M1N1和M1N2处理的黄瓜前期产量分别比CK增产47.1%、68.6%和82.0%。各试验处理黄瓜果实中可溶性糖、蛋白质和硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量差异均不显著,Vc含量以M2N1处理含量最高。不同施肥处理均可显著提高黄瓜氮和钾的吸收量,但氮、磷、钾肥料利用率差异均不显著。黄瓜收获后各处理耕层土壤无机氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和pH等肥力性状均有明显变化。土壤pH与土壤养分的变化均呈现负相关性,其中土壤pH与土壤有效磷、速效钾含量呈极显著负相关,与土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮含量呈显著负相关。豆粕肥的氮、磷、钾养分释放率较高,完全可以替代普通有机肥与化肥配施用于黄瓜生产,豆粕氮与化肥氮配施用比例以1:1或2:1为佳。     

Microcracking and Chloride Penetration of Concrete under Uniaxial Compression

A non-destructive method of evaluation of specific crack area was used to characterise microcracking in concrete prisms during uniaxial compression loading and unloading. Chloride profiles were also measured after the same concretes were exposed to chloride environment. The relation among microcracking, stress-strength ratio and chloride penetration of concrete were analysed based on the experimental results. Under compressive load, the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient decreases until about one third of the ultimate load. Further increase of compressive load improves the chloride diffusion coefficient again. There is a close link between microcracking and stress-strength ratio. The index of specific crack area can be used to indicate the microcracking and study chloride transport behaviour into concrete under the influence of microcracking.     

Genetic linkage map of Chinese native variety faba bean (Vicia faba L.) based on simple sequence repeat markers

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker is a powerful tool for construction of genetic linkage map which can be applied for quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker‐assisted selection (MAS). In this study, a genetic map of faba bean was constructed with SSR markers using a 129 F₂ individuals population derived from the cross of Chinese native variety 91825 (large seed) and K1563 (small seed). By screening 11 551 SSR primers between two parents, 149 primer pairs were detected polymorphic and used for F₂ population analysis. This SSR‐based genetic linkage map consisted of 15 linkage groups with 128 SSR. The map encompassed 1587 cM with an average genetic distance of 12.4 cM. The genetic map generated in this study will be beneficial for genetic studies of faba bean for identification of marker‐locus‐trait associations as well as comparative mapping among faba bean, pea and grasspea.