Effects of agriculture,climate, and policy on NDVI change in a semi-arid river basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau

In 1999, the Grain for Green Project was implemented by the Chinese government. Since then, the vegetation of Zuli River Basin, a semi-arid river basin of the Chinese Loess Plateau, has been greatly changed. Clearly understanding the impact of natural and artificial factors on vegetation change is important for policy making and ecosystem management. In this study, spatio-temporal variations in vegetation cover in Chinese Zuli River Basin during 1999–2016 were investigated using Landsat normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. Analyses of several indicators, including changes in NDVI in different slopes and land use changes and the relationships between climatic factors and NDVI change, were presented to quantitatively evaluate the effects of agriculture, climate, and policy on NDVI change. The NDVI in the Zuli River Basin increased during the study period, and the main contributors to this change were forest in 1999–2011, cropland, abandoned farmland, and grassland in 2009–2016, and land with slopes ≤ 15°. Land with slope > 15°, where the “Project” was implemented, slightly contributed to the increase in regional NDVI. In 1999–2011, the project (?98.16%) combined with climate change (?68.18%) showed negative effects on the increase in NDVI in the Zuli River Basin, but agriculture (22.28%) played a positive role in increasing this index. In 2009–2016 and 1999–2016, the project (38.45% and 35.25%, respectively), the project combined with climate change (49.83% and 46.30%, respectively), agriculture (18.61% and 23.30%, respectively), promoted increases in NDVI in the basin.     

Vectorizing agrochemicals: enhancing bioavailability via carrier‐mediated transport

Systemicity of agrochemicals is an advantageous property for controlling phloem sucking insects, as well as pathogens and pests not accessible to contact products. After the penetration of the cuticle, the plasma membrane constitutes the main barrier to the entry of an agrochemical into the sap flow. The current strategy for developing systemic agrochemicals is to optimize the physicochemical properties of the molecules so that they can cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion or ion trapping mechanisms. The main problem with current systemic compounds is that they move everywhere within the plant, and this non‐controlled mobility results in the contamination of the plant parts consumed by vertebrates and pollinators. To achieve the site‐targeted distribution of agrochemicals, a carrier‐mediated propesticide strategy is proposed in this review. After conjugating a non‐systemic agrochemical with a nutrient (α‐amino acids or sugars), the resulting conjugate may be actively transported across the plasma membrane by nutrient‐specific carriers. By applying this strategy, non‐systemic active ingredients are expected to be delivered into the target organs of young plants, thus avoiding or minimizing subsequent undesirable redistribution. The development of this innovative strategy presents many challenges, but opens up a wide range of exciting possibilities. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同授粉方法对设施番茄果实生长发育的影响

为探讨不同的授粉方法对设施番茄坐果率、单果质量和品质的影响,在番茄开花期分别采用自然授粉法、激素处理法、蜜蜂授粉法、机械振荡授粉法和熊蜂授粉法等5种方法进行授粉处理,测定了番茄坐果率、结果数量、单果质量、畸形果率和品质性状,比较不同授粉方式下番茄果实生长发育的差异,以期为设施番茄生产者选择适宜的授粉方法提供参考依据。结果表明:在同一穗位不同授粉方法对各穗坐果率均有显著影响,熊蜂授粉、蜜蜂授粉、机械振荡授粉和激素处理4种方法分别比自然授粉的坐果率提高25.46%、23.18%、19.62%和11.42%。不同辅助授粉方法能够有效增加番茄结果数量,各果穗上的表现为熊蜂授粉法蜜蜂授粉法机械振荡法激素处理法CK。熊蜂授粉番茄4~5穗果后期平均单果质量比其它处理及对照提高5.9%~11.8%,而且4种授粉方法番茄1~5穗果的畸形果率比自然授粉法降低9.14~47.00个百分点。各授粉方法的综合效果为熊蜂授粉法机械振荡授粉法蜜蜂授粉法激素处理法自然授粉法。为使设施番茄栽培达到优质高效的目的,并降低成本投入,推荐使用熊蜂授粉法。     

Breeding by design for future rice:Genes and genome technologies

1. Introduction Rice is a staple food for 3.2 billion people. The food security threat that shook many Asian countries in 2008 still looms, because farmers are ...     

Secondary Metabolites from Marine Sponges of the Genus Oceanapia: Chemistry and Biological Activities

In this review, we summarized the distribution of the chemically investigated Oceanapia sponges, including the isolation and biological activities of their secondary metabolites, covering the literature from the first report in 1989 to July 2019. There have been 110 compounds reported during this period, including 59 alkaloids, 33 lipids, 14 sterols and 4 miscellaneous compounds. Besides their unique structures, they exhibited promising bioactivities ranging from insecticidal to antibacterial. Their complex structural characteristics and diverse biological properties have attracted a great deal of attention from chemists and pharmaceuticals seeking to perform their applications in the treatment of disease.     

山区农村山鸡饲养管理技术

贵州冬无严寒、夏无酷暑的气候是发展畜牧养殖业的良好条件。为了依靠科学技术振兴农业,提高养殖效益和市场竞争力,改变贵州山区农民饲养方式落后、经济效益低下的状况,我县引进七彩山鸡1000只在杉林村示范养殖,通过选育留种500只,2006年产蛋31137枚,孵化鸡苗28126羽,受精率达96.3%,孵化率达93.8%,建设山鸡养殖小区2个,年出栏山鸡25651羽,饲养成活率达91.2%。现将我们在实际工作中总结的一些经验和方法介绍给大家,以求抛砖引玉,共同推进我省山鸡产业的快速发展。1生物学特性山鸡俗称野鸡,羽毛华丽,七彩斑斓,尾羽十分美观。七彩山鸡是我国近…     

阿克苏地区红枣产业比较优势分析

以阿克苏地区红枣产业发展为依托,结合比较优势理论的原理、方法,分析论证了阿克苏地区红枣产业发展的状况,根据比较优势的结果得出阿克苏地区红枣效率优势相对较弱、规模优势明显、综合比较优势呈逐年递增态势等结果,并就优化、推进阿克苏地区红枣产业发展提出了改善品种结构,提升科技含量、加强产业组织经营、实施品牌发展战略等对策和建议。     

积水在成品油管道中的运动状态

为解决国内成品油管道因积水产生的内腐蚀问题,建立了室内实验环道,通过高速摄像等方法,对低洼-爬坡成品油管段内积水的运动状态进行研究,分析了积水量、油品流速对积水运动状态的影响。结果表明:积水在成品油管道中的运动状态不同于传统的油水两相流,在不同管段呈现不同的流型。由于成品油与积水的密度差较大,在上倾管段中,受成品油携带作用与重力作用的影响,积水在管道底部达到动态平衡,因此难以排出管道。积水在成品油管道中的运动状态研究成果,可为进一步研究积水的排除方法,减少管道的内腐蚀提供实验依据。     

温室环境控制方法研究现状分析与展望

环境控制方法是实现温室蔬菜高效生产的关键。随着现代控制技术的快速发展,温室环境控制方法逐步从手动、定时控制方法,转变为设定值控制和智能控制等方式。该文概述了以设定值为目标实现环境控制的方法,归纳了模糊控制、解耦控制、人工智能控制和表型控制等智能控制方法的特点,总结了现有温室环境调控领域控光、控温、控气、通风、灌溉和“云-边-端”协同控制系统的优劣。针对现存问题,指出该领域的发展趋势为构建考虑扰动因素影响的温室环境控制方法,研制基于作物生长和表型评价体系的环境调控模型,以及建立多模型融合的“云-边-端”协同温室环境调控系统。相关技术的发展将为温室的智能化与信息化发展提供重要的决策依据和借鉴意义。