适用于表征古树衰老的生理指标

随着古树的衰老,代谢水平逐渐下降,多种酶趋于降解,营养物质合成速率降低,叶绿体和线粒体活力降低,明显出现器官水平上的程序化细胞死亡。本文概述近20年来国内外对古树叶片超微结构、叶绿素含量、蛋白质含量、活性氧防御系统、矿质营养元素等生理指标的检测和分析结果,旨在对古树的衰老检测和复壮提供理论依据和切实可行的方法。     

压缩秸秆物理特征分析研究

分析了生物质秸秆资源的国内利用现状,通过检测得出了实验结论：秸秆压块的含水率4．74％,比重o．86×10^-6m^3／g,热值19．49kJ／g与原煤热值相近。并探讨了秸秆代替原煤当作新能源综合利用的可行性,指出了农作物桔杆综合利用是农业发展循环经济的一个重要方面,是实现全面、协调、可持续发展、建设社会主义新农村的具体要求。     

沈阳市全力监测海南豇豆 确保市民吃上放心蔬菜

针对"海南毒豇豆"事件,沈阳市农业检测中心加强对南方豆类蔬菜的检测力度,确保沈阳市民吃上放心蔬菜,确保农产品质量安全。     

Low‐carbon evaluation of rural neighborhood: A case study of Yanhe Village,Hubei Province,China

Climate change has become a global issue influencing human survival and development while low‐carbon is the inevitable choice. As the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, China has become an important force that influences the cooperation of climate change. China is a large agricultural country, and the rural carbon emissions have been gradually increasing. We consider rural neighborhood as an important space for the use of low‐carbon ideas to address climate change. There is no specific assessment system for a rural neighborhood. The studies of rural neighborhood low‐carbon mainly focus on the method of calculation carbon emissions. However, only quantifying rural carbon emissions is insufficient. In this paper, a low‐carbon evaluation indicator system has been proposed for rural neighborhood and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation has been applied to get the low‐carbon degree. Considering the influence and feedback inside the indicator system, Analytic Network Process was applied to get the weights. Furthermore, a case study was carried out for the using of the proposed method in an eco‐village of China. Our practice has proved that the system is easy to operate in rural neighborhood.     

Development of a core set of KASP markers for assaying genetic diversity in Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis Makino

Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are rapid, economical and reliable genotyping tools. Non‐heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis Makino) is now an economically important vegetable crop worldwide. In this study, 1,167 SNPs were evaluated for 7polymorphism among 70 representative non‐heading Chinese cabbage inbred lines using a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping assay. On the basis of identified polymorphisms and the results of a principal component analysis, we selected 50 core SNPs that were balanced sufficiently to provide adequate information for genetic identification. The core SNPs were used for construction of a neighbour‐joining dendrogram that separated the 70 inbred lines into four main groups and several subgroups corresponding to Caixin, Heiyebaicai, Huangxinwu, Naibaicai, Taitsai, Pak‐choi, and Wutatsai. This categorization was superior to that achieved using a dataset of 479 polymorphic SNPs. To confirm the utility of the core SNP markers in genetic identification, we tested their stability and resolution using 162 commercial hybrid cultivars. The SNPs, which represent a cost‐effective, accurate marker set for germplasm analysis and cultivar identification, are suitable for molecular marker‐assisted breeding in non‐heading Chinese cabbage.     

Comparative analysis of genetic effects of wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL

Wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL, carriers of Pm21 and PmV, respectively, confer high resistance to wheat powdery mildew. For better understanding of the difference in genetic effect between them, a RIL population was constructed based on the cross between “Yangmai 18” carrying T6V#2S·6AL and “Yangmai 22” carrying T6V#4S·6DL. Analysis of distribution of the translocations showed that T6V#2S·6AL is much more transmittable than T6V#4S·6DL. By comparing their effects on main agronomic traits, we firstly found that T6V#2S·6AL contributes greatly to top spikelet fecundity, but causes a decrease of 6.7%–10.5% of spike number. No stable effects of T6V#4S·6DL on agronomic traits were found, except for positive effect on plant height. Excitingly, a new recombinant, T6V#4S‐6V#2S·6AL carrying PmV, was screened and proved to have a higher transmission rate than the original translocation T6V#4S·6DL, which will greatly promote the utilization of PmV. The above conclusions of this research will provide important guidance for utilization of Pm21 and PmV more effectively, in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.     

玉米大豆间作种植密度耦合数学模型及其优化方案研究

云南省大豆的种植主要以与玉米间作为主,适宜的种植密度是获得高产的前提,为研究种植密度对群体产量和经济产值的影响,找到最佳种植密度组合。采用二次饱和D-最优设计,分别在云南嵩明县（A）、会泽县（B）和鲁甸县（C）等3个点进行试验。研究了玉米和大豆种植密度对群体产量和经济产值的影响,并分别建立二元二次数学模型。结果表明：玉米和大豆密度对间作群体产量和经济产值影响显著,均呈凸抛物线型变化,在低密度水平下,群体产量和经济产值随密度的增加而增加。通过模型解析表明,玉米+大豆密度组合分别为64 110株/hm ²+147 013株/hm ²（A）、63 068株/hm ²+147 116株/hm ²（B）、64 059株/hm ²+145 077株/hm ²（C）时,各试验点可分别达到最高群体产量。玉米+大豆密度组合分别为62 909株/hm ²+149 852株/hm ²（A）、61 499株/hm ²+151 807株/hm ²（B）、62 762株/hm ²+147 108株/hm ²（C）时,各试验点可分别达到最高产值。经模拟得出,在本试验条件下,各试验点玉米大豆间作群体产量≥12 270kg/hm ²、经济产值≥24 000元/hm ²的最佳密度组合分别为玉米59 251~66 437株/hm ²、大豆140 075~161 495株/hm ²（A）,玉米58 927~65 366株/hm ²、大豆144 159~169 203株/hm ²（B）,玉米58 821~66 703株/hm ²、大豆139 315~154 886株/hm ²（C）。合理的密度搭配能有效提高群体产量,获得较高经济产值。     

基于不同烟草类型基因组重测序的烟草SSR标记的开发和应用

基于基因组重测序的分子标记研究是一种新的方法。本研究在普通烟草基因组序列已完全测定的基础上重测序了4个烟草品种（系）,包括烤烟类型（LY1306,秦烟96）2个,晒烟类型（Wanmao 3）1个,马里兰烟草类型（Wufeng 1）1个。结合在NCBI中测序并发布的K326和TN90品种的基因组序列,分析了这4个重测序的烟草品种的InDel突变和SNP突变位点,鉴定出7个具有品种多态性的SSR候选位点,其中5个SSR位点可扩增出DNA片段。通过对包括不同烟草类型在内的10个烟草品种进行PCR检测,表明本研究选出的SSR位点可用于烟草品种或烟草类型的分类,其中NW-015889872.1、NW-015854676.1和NW-015890969.1等3个SSR位点可有效区分烤烟、白肋烟和马里兰烟以及晒烟烟草类型。     

油菜高光效种质综合鉴选指标体系与方法

高光效种质是开展作物高光效育种的基础。在剖析油菜高光效种质筛选要求、面临困难、研究缺陷的基础上,针对油菜超高产育种目标和生产实际需求,构建出油菜高光效的综合筛选指标体系和方法,对油菜种质进行数量化综合评价,并开展定向选育和杂交改良。在实际应用中取得良好效果,获得一批油菜高光效种质,为利用“高光效+杂种优势”途径开展油菜高光效育种奠定了物质基础。     

有机肥等氮替代化肥对红壤团聚体及玉米产量和品质的影响

为研究有机肥等氮替代化肥对土壤结构、玉米产量和品质的影响,设置有机肥等氮替代化肥的10%（M10）、20%（M20）、30%（M30）、40%（M40）,以单施化肥（M0）和不施肥（CK）为对照6个施肥处理,测定玉米不同生育期的土壤团聚体变化状况。结果表明：随有机肥等氮部分替代化肥比例的增加,玉米各生育期土壤>0.25mm水稳性团聚体（R_0.25）、平均质量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GWD）不断增加,团聚体破坏率（PAD）、分形维数（D）不断降低。与M0处理相比,M30和M40处理显著提高了玉米子粒产量,表现为M30>M40;M20、M30、M40处理较M0处理玉米子粒蛋白质含量显著增加了13.29%~25.03%,淀粉含量显著增加了39.84%~114.06%,可溶性糖含量显著增加了36.49%~54.05%;蛋白质含量表现为M30和M20处理显著大于M40处理,M30与M20处理间差异不显著;淀粉含量表现为M40>M30>M20,差异显著;可溶性糖含量表现为M40和M30处理显著大于M20处理,M30与M40处理间差异不显著。玉米子粒产量和品质与抽雄期、成熟期土壤团聚体R_0.25呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与PAD、D值呈极显著负相关（P<0.01）。因此,玉米生产中,利用有机肥等氮替代化肥培肥土壤,需兼顾玉米产量和品质,30%为适宜的有机肥等氮替代化肥比例。