Effects of water temperatures and dietary protein levels on growth,body composition and blood biochemistry of juvenile GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of water temperature (WT) and dietary protein levels on growth, body composition and blood biochemistry of GIFT tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; initial average body weight: 38.75 ± 0.61g, n = 20). The fish were fed with six diets contained graded levels of protein (209.6, 251.0, 302.4, 354.3, 401.9 and 456.8 g/kg) and raised in each of WT (22°C, 28°C and 34°C) for 8 weeks. Results showed that the growth, feed utilization and protein efficiency were significantly increased with the increase of dietary protein level and followed by the latter platform at each WT. The fish raised at 28 and 34°C showed similar growth performance, and their values were significantly higher than the fish raised at 22°C (p < 0.05). The lipid contents in whole body were decreases with the increase of dietary protein level at each WT. However, the whole‐body protein, ash and moisture contents were not affected by dietary protein level or WT (p > 0.05). The values of serum biochemical indices (ALP, ALT, AST and TCHO) were all decreased with the increase of dietary protein. The optimal dietary protein requirement for GIFT tilapia to achieve maximal growth performance is 374.4, 301.7 and 304.9 g protein/kg diet at 22, 28 and 34°C, respectively.     

条锈菌诱导上调表达的小麦腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶（SAMDC）基因的克隆及其特征分析

为了克隆条锈菌诱导上调表达的小麦腺苷甲硫氨酸脱羧酶（SAMDC）基因并研究其在小麦感病、抗病单株苗期抗条锈病防御反应中的作用,以大麦（Hordeum vulgareL.）SAMDC全长cDNA序列为信息探针,采用电子克隆、RACE（Rapid amplification of cDNA ends）和RT-PCR方法,从条锈菌（Puccinia stri-iformisf.sp.tritici）CYR32侵染的小麦（Triticum aestivumL.）抗条锈病新种质NR1121中分离出1个新的小麦SAMDC基因家族成员,命名为TaSAMDC2（GU016570）。TaSAMDC2基因cDNA序列全长2 003 bp,5′非翻译区区域和一个带有Poly（A）的3′非翻译区区域长分别为553和283 bp;该基因的开放阅读框为1 167 bp,编码388个氨基酸,编码的氨基酸序列包含酶原剪切位点和PEST结构域。基因组序列全长2 539bp,位于5′UTR存在一个526 bp长的内含子序列,内含子的剪切位点均符合真核生物GT-AG规则。同源序列分析表明,TaSAMDC2与来自大麦、水稻（Oryza sativaL.）、玉米（Zea maysL.）、一粒小麦（TriticummonococcumL.）4种植物SAMDC蛋白的相似性分别为95.0%、85.0%、80.0%和80.0%。半定量RT-PCR与实时荧光定量PCR分析表明,TaSAMDC2的表达受条锈菌诱导,小麦苗期经条锈菌侵染后,在抗病材料中,该基因于48 hpi上调表达至最高水平,而在感病材料中先下调、上调表达至最高水平明显滞后。结果提示,分离到的是一个条锈菌CYR32诱导后上调表达的小麦SAMDC基因,该基因可能参与了小麦的抗条锈病反应。     

滴灌模式下不同灌量对长绒棉生长发育及产量的影响

[目的]研究滴灌长绒棉实现高产的灌溉用水量,为制定滴灌长绒棉配套栽培技术及水资源的合理利用提供理论依据.[方法]在长绒棉主产地阿瓦提县的中高肥力滴灌棉田,选用新海24号,在生育期设置6个不同灌量处理,研究不同滴灌量对长绒棉生长发育及产量的影响.[结果](1)低灌量处理的土壤耕层硝态氮含量高于高灌量处理,后期尤为明显;(2)头水后,随滴灌量的增加,长绒棉生育进程相对后延;相同时期长绒棉单株叶面积指数(LAI)与滴灌量呈正相关,7月21日为最大值,随后开始下降,下降速率随滴灌量的增加而减缓;(3)各处理单株干物质积累呈Logistic生长曲线,经济产量快速积累期的积累速率(△V)及出现的时间(T)差异较大;(4)W4处理(灌量为240 m3/667 m2)的单株成铃数及籽棉产量最高.[结论]方程Y=-762.571 4 +8.828 6 X-0.0171 43X2(R2=0.958 2**)为滴灌量与籽棉产量关系式.计算得出:当滴灌量X=257.5 m3/667 m2,长绒棉籽棉产量有最大值374.1 kg/667 m2.高于或低于此值都会造成产量下降,不同灌量对长绒棉籽棉产量的影响主要是通过影响单株成铃数实现的,而对内在遗传品质决定的单铃重及衣分基本无影响.     

疏残林地割带套种藜蒴栲技术

文章介绍了藜蒴栲的形态特征及其生态特性和用途,并总结了藜蒴栲在疏残林地割带套种的栽培技术.发展藜蒴栲人工林的关键技术在于选用良种,培育1年生壮苗,适地适树,施足基肥,造林后加强除杂、追肥抚育管理,特别是造林当年和第2,3年;同时对套种后林地的生态效益和经济效益进行了总结.     

镉胁迫对矮生四季豆种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响

以水培法研究了不同浓度的Cd2＋溶液对四季豆种子萌发和幼苗生长发育的影响。结果表明：当Cd2＋浓度较低时,Cd2＋对种子萌发及幼苗生长发育毒害作用较小,一定浓度范围内（0.05～0.5mg/L）还有促生作用,高浓度Cd2＋(5～100mg/L)能严重抑制四季豆幼苗根及下胚轴的生长;Cd2＋胁迫对四季豆幼苗体内过氧化物酶 (POD),超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）,过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性存在低浓度激活和高浓度抑制的效应,且同一浓度的Cd2＋对四季豆幼苗POD、CAT活性的抑制作用表现为根系大于下胚轴,Cd2＋浓度＞0.5mg/L时,根系SOD活性大于下胚轴中的活性;Cd2＋胁迫下,四季豆下胚轴和根的丙二醛（MDA）含量增加,且根部含量大于下胚轴的量。     

Wood thermal conductivity prediction by using support vector regression

The support vector regression (SVR) method combined with particle swarm optimization (PSO) is proposed to establish a model for predicting the thermal conductivity of timber in transverse directions (radial direction and tangential direction) based on the measuring database of thermal conductivity under different influential factors, including its density, moisture content and specific gravity. Comparing the prediction results of SVR method with those from analogism (ANA) model and BP neural network (BPNN) model, it is shown that the prediction precision is higher for SVR method by applying identical training and test samples and increase of training samples could improve the generalization ability. With the validation test by leave-one-out cross validation (LOOCV) test, maximal absolute percentage error (MPE), mean absolute error (MAE) and mean absolute percentage error(MAPE), are the smallest for the prediction of SVR method. It is suggested that SVR is an effective and powerful tool for predicting thermal conductivity of timber.     

叶籽银杏GbMADS5基因的克隆与序列分析

MADS-box基因是一类编码转录因子的基因大家族,在植物的发育过程中具有重要作用。本研究采用RT-PCR技术从叶籽银杏（Ginkgo biloba var.epiphylla Mak.）中克隆了MADS-box基因GbMADS5。序列分析表明,该基因编码区全长为666bp,含有一个完整的开放阅读框,编码221个氨基酸残基组成的蛋白质,具有典型的植物MADS-box基因结构,编码肽链包含了MADS区、I区、K区和C末端,但该基因不具有拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）AG基因的N端区域。GbMADS5基因编码的蛋白序列与其它植物的MADS-box蛋白序列有着较高的一致性,与裸子植物（Gymnospermae）的AG基因相似性最高,其中与苏铁（Cycas revolute）的同源性高达91.07%。系统发育树分析显示,GbMADS5基因属于AG亚家族基因。     

中国侧柏地理种源核型分析与进化趋势

本文以16个不同地理种源的侧柏种子为试验材料,采用普通压片法,对其核犁及进化趋势进行研究.研究结果表明:核型均为K(2n)=22=22m,均属1A类型,有1～2对染色体具随体,不同种源次缢痕位置不同;辽宁凌源、河北获鹿、山西长治、陕西黄陵、四川射洪、福建南平、云南昆明的染色体相对长度组成中有L染色体,其余仅有M_2和M_1染色体;通过聚类分析及进化趋势图分析发现,河北获鹿的最进化,河南登封的最原始.     

三种有益微生物混合发酵液对辣椒幼苗生长的影响

采用放线菌、光合细菌、酵母菌3种有益微生物的液态混合发酵液,经稀释不同浓度后作为育苗的播种底水进行辣椒穴盘育苗试验,研究了稀释不同倍数的混合发酵液对辣椒苗期形态指标、干物质和生理指标的影响。结果表明,稀释50倍的混合菌发酵液能明显促进辣椒幼苗的生长,增加幼苗地上部和地下部的鲜重和干重,提高幼苗叶片的可溶性糖含量和根系活力,当混合菌发酵液稀释150倍时,对辣椒幼苗形态指标、干重、鲜重和生理指标的影响不大。