育肥猪暴发弓形体病

广东省河源市某猪场1999年7月育肥猪因皮肤苍白突然死亡,经流行病学、临床症状、病理剖检、实验室诊断,确诊为弓形体感染.     

不同砧木伏令夏橙对土壤pH值的适应性

本试验研究了紫色土pH值对枳砧、红桔砧和香橙砧伏令夏橙吸收Fe、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶活性以及植株生长的影响。结果表明,香橙砧最耐碱;红桔砧其次;枳砧最不耐碱;而耐酸性无大差异。其最适pH依次为6.2、5.7、5.7,pH8时的生长量相当最适pH时的84、50、38％。香橙很有希望在四川作pH>6.5的紫色土柑桔园的砧木。pH4时的生长量依次相当最适pH时的74、71、67％,枳仍是酸性土壤的最优砧木。     

肉用仔鸡主要营养、环境因素产量函数模型的研究

利用二次回归通用旋转组合设计对500只印第安河肉鸡生产的主要营养、环境因素进行了研究,建立了肉鸡生产函数模型,探讨了印第安河肉鸡日粮中粗蛋白质、代谢能水平及饲养密度等主要营养、环境因素及其相互效应和增重的关系,寻求了肉鸡增重最佳饲养管理措施组合方案和最优化的生产条件,为我国肉鸡生产技术的规范化提供了科学依据。肉鸡生产函数模型。y=2105.57+101.35X_1+42.93X_2-16.68X_3-16.3X_1X_2-99.47X_1~2-54.91X_2~2-51.16X_3~2。各因素对产量贡献大小顺序为粗蛋白质>代谢能>饲养密度。预测56日龄增重达1900克和净收入高于2.20元/只以上时,前期日粮需粗蛋白质21.55～22.37％,代谢能12.199～12.597MJ/kg,饲养密度32.9～34.4只/m~2;后期依次为19.55～19.76％,12.46～12.85MJ/kg,16.7～17.9只/m~2。蛋白质和代谢能存在交互作用。     

油菜蚜虫田间防治药剂筛选

为了有效地控制油菜蚜虫的危害,筛选出可作为油菜蚜虫大田防治的经济、有效、环保的药剂,通过对药剂的安全性测定、田间药效试验以及各种药剂的经济效益分析来验证所选取的药剂对油菜蚜虫的防治效果和应用技术。试验表明:70%吡虫啉WP、5%地蚜灵DP、50%烯啶虫胺SWG、10%氟氯氰菊酯EC、1.8%阿维菌素EC、2.5%高效氯氰菊酯EC等6种药剂对油菜具有较好的安全性。田间药效试验结果表明:6种药剂对油菜蚜虫均有一定的防效,其中70%吡虫啉WP、5%地蚜灵DP、50%烯啶虫胺SWG第一次施药后10天防效为89.31%、93.99%和79.18%,而第二次施药后10天防效为89.80%、80.40%和86.35%。各药剂有利于油菜的生长发育,且油菜的经济性状较对照好,通过药剂防治油菜蚜虫,对其经济效益分析可知,6种药剂的投入产出比为1:6.53,其中地蚜灵DP投入产出比达到了1:11.88。5%地蚜灵DP、70%吡虫啉WP、50%烯啶虫胺SWG对油菜蚜虫有较好的防效,且对油菜安全,成本低,可作为油菜蚜虫大田的防治药剂。     

中国发展现代农业的对策选择

中国加入WTO后农业产业发展面临一个全新的国际环境。论述了发展现代农业的特征、分析了制约中国发展现代农业的症结因素,并提出了创新农业知识,建立现代农业科技体系,发展农业科技企业与农业产业化,将农业科技推向广度、深度,提高农民素质,培养知识型农民,优化生态系统,倡导持续、标准化农业和重视国际农业科技交流与合作等五个方面的对策选择。     

农村住宅采暖技术试验研究

本文叙述了以太阳能采暖房为主体,利用连炕节柴灶余热作热源、吊炕为散热器的农村住宅采暖技术,它比仅靠太阳能采暖,室温提高3.49℃,12℃的采暖保证率达到90.33％。文中同时给出了该种采暖型式的热工参数设计模型和建筑结构模型。可供其它多种太阳能一常规能源综合采暖参考。     

钙对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗抗氧化酶活性和膜脂过氧化作用的影响

研究了外源Ca2 对盐胁迫下耐盐性不同的两个水稻品种(武育粳3号和IR36)几种抗氧化酶活性及膜脂过氧化的影响。结果表明:适量的Ca2 供应能有效提高水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)的活性,使之维持在较高的水平上,并降低了丙二醛(MDA)含量和细胞膜透性。此外,外源Ca2 还增加了抗坏血酸(AsA)的含量,增强了水稻幼苗的根系活力。这表明适量的外源Ca2 供应提高水稻耐盐性的原因之一,在于其增强了植株的活性氧清除能力以及对细胞膜的稳定作用。     

不同原料制备生物柴油生命周期能耗和排放评价

建立了大豆、油菜籽、光皮树和麻疯树4种原料制生物柴油生命周期能源消耗和排放评价模型，并对其进行了生命周期能源消耗和排放评价。结果表明：与石化柴油比较，大豆和油菜籽制生物柴油生命周期整体能源消耗与石化柴油基本相当；光皮树和麻疯树制生物柴油的生命周期整体能源消耗比石化柴油低约10%；所有原料制生物柴油生命周期化石能源消耗显著降低，生命周期HC、CO、PM₁₀、SOx和CO₂排放降低，NOx排放升高。     

Effect of Rice Residues on Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from a Paddy Soil of Subtropical China

A pot incubation experiment with rice residues (straw and root) was conducted under aerobic condition (60% of WHC, water holding capacity) for a period of 55 days in a greenhouse. The emissions of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) were determined by the closed chamber method in a paddy soil. The soil was derived from quaternary red clay, and collected from the Ecological Station of Red Soil, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, located in Jiangxi Province, a subtropical region of China. The emissions of CO₂ and N₂O were increased by the amendment of rice residues. Significantly positive correlation was found between N₂O and CO₂ fluxes (R = 0.650*?0.870*, P ≤ 0.05). The cumulative emissions during the early stage of the incubation (<25 days after residue addition) accounted for about 67%–86% and 67%–80% of the total amount of CO₂ and N₂O emissions, respectively. Cumulative emissions and emission factors of the two gases were higher in the soils amended with rice straw than those with rice root. The two gas fluxes were positively correlated with microbial biomass C and N, as well as soluble organic C. N₂O flux was positively correlated with NH₄ ⁺–N content at the early stage (<25 days), and negatively with NO₃ ^?–N content at the later stage of this incubation (25–55 days), implying that both nitrification and denitrification may have contributed to N₂O production.     

QTL mapping of sheath blight resistance in a deep-water rice cultivar

Sheath blight, caused by the pathogen Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, is one of the most serious diseases of rice and leads to severe yield loss worldwide. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population consisting of 121 lines was constructed from a cross between HH1B and RSB03, the latter of which is a deep-water rice variety. Five traits were used to evaluate sheath blight resistance, namely disease rating (DR), lesion length (LL), lesion height (LH), relative lesion length [RLL, the ratio of LL to plant height (PH)], and relative LH (RLH, the ratio of LH to PH). Using the RIL population and 123 molecular markers, we identified 28 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the five traits in two environments. These QTLs are located on nine chromosomes and most of them are environment specific. A major QTL for DR (qSBR1) on chromosome 1 was identified with contributions of 12.7% at Shanghai and 42.6% at Hainan, and it collocated with a QTL for PH. The allele at this locus from RSB03 enhances sheath blight resistance and increases PH. Another QTL for DR on chromosome 7 was adjacent to QTLs for heading date (HD) and four other disease traits. RSB03 also carries the resistant allele at this locus and shortens HD. The susceptible parent, HH1B, provides the resistance allele at the locus qSBR8, where QTLs for four other disease traits were identified. QTL mapping results showed that most QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are collocated with QTLs for DR. Three QTLs for DR are independent from HD, PH, and four other disease traits, while four QTLs are closely related to HD and PH. Four QTLs for LL, LH, RLL, and RLH are independent from DR, HD, and PH, while there is only one region harboring QTLs for these four traits and HD. Correlation analysis and QTL mapping results indicated that LL, LH, RLL, and RLH might be important indices, like DR, for evaluating the level of resistance to rice sheath blight.