绵羊脐带间充质干细胞的分离、体外培养及诱导分化

通过多重酶混合消化法和胰酶消化筛选法体外分离、纯化及培养绵羊脐带间充质干细胞(MSCs),并观察其生物学特性,以此建立绵羊脐带间充质干细胞的分离培养流程.试验采集健康的哈萨克羔羊脐带组织,剔除血管后剪碎,添加复合消化酶消化24 h得到细胞,胰酶消化法筛选除杂并观察细胞形态,绘制第1代、第5代及第10代细胞生长曲线;取第10代细胞检测其体外诱导成骨细胞能力和诱导成脂细胞能力,cAKP染色检测其分化状态.结果表明,获得的细胞经传代培养达10代后无明显的形态和增殖能力改变;体外诱导成骨细胞和成脂细胞试验证明其具有被诱导分化成骨细胞和脂肪的能力,cAKP染色证明其处于未分化状态.试验获得的绵羊脐带间充质干细胞能在体外培养、扩增并且具有和骨髓间充质干细胞类似的生物学特征.     

偏心链轮传动机构的运动学分析及参数优化

针对偏心链轮传动机构工作过程中链条松紧变化大的问题设计了偏心张紧轮.通过优化张紧轮的转动中心位置、偏心量和初始角位移,使链条在周期中始终处于张紧状态.利用微分对该传动机构进行了运动学分析,列出了主、从链轮角位移关系的求解方程,并以此为基础,进行了传动系统的运动学分析和张紧轮的轮心坐标、初始相位角和偏心量的优化计算,其目标是在周期中使链条松紧波动最小.列出了优化实例,在优化过程中考虑了链节长度的非连续性.     

主养草鱼池塘三种混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较

为进一步提高我国广大池塘养鱼的产品质量、经济效益和改善其生态环境。本试验在武汉新洲973项目实验基地9个陆基鱼池中进行了三种不同混养模式鱼类生长和效益的比较研究,每种模式设3个重复。模式Ⅰ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙和高背鲫;模式Ⅱ中放养草鱼、鲢、鳙、匙吻鲟和高背鲫;模式Ⅲ中放养草鱼、鲢和高背鲫。 结果表明：通过122d的养殖试验,模式Ⅱ中草鱼的生长不仅显著高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ（P<0.05）,而且其经济效益模式Ⅱ同样高于模式Ⅰ和模式Ⅲ。     

高盐胁迫对黄边糙鸟蛤(Trachycardium flavum)呼吸排泄和免疫酶活性的影响

为了探讨急性高盐胁迫对黄边糙鸟蛤(Trachycardium flavum)生理代谢和免疫酶活性的影响,分析了盐度自31骤升至37后2、12、24、48和72 h黄边糙乌蛤耗氧率、排氨率和不同组织Na+/K+-ATP酶、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的活性.结果显示,处理后2h耗氧率先降低,然后逐渐升高,在24和72 h显著高于对照组(P＜0.05);排氨率在2h极显著降低(P＜0.01),且在各时间点均低于对照组.外套膜、肝胰腺中Na+/K+-ATP酶活力在12 h显著降低(P＜0.05),肌肉和鳃中活力与对照组无显著差异.外套膜、肝胰腺和鳃中SOD活力在24 h达到最高值,显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),其后逐渐降低;肌肉中SOD活力在48 h达到最高值后降低.外套膜和鳃中ACP活力先升高后降低,肝胰腺中ACP活力显著降低(P＜0.05)后逐渐升高,肌肉中ACP活力与对照组无显著差异.肝胰腺和鳃中ALP活力先降低后显著升高(P＜0.05),与对照组相比,外套膜和肌肉中ALP活力无显著差异.结果表明,急性高盐胁迫对黄边糙鸟蛤的代谢水平和免疫酶活性均有显著影响且表现出时间效应性,高盐胁迫对免疫酶活性的影响具有组织特异性.     

Comparison of Conventional Washing Processing and pH Shift Processing on Gelation Characteristics of Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) Muscle Proteins

In this study, gelation characteristics of bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) protein isolates prepared by pH shift processing were investigated as compared with those of surimi prepared by conventional wash processing. Results showed that the gel from alkali-aided protein isolate exhibited a higher breaking force than that from conventional washed surimi (p < 0.05). However, the gel from conventional washed surimi had higher whiteness (p < 0.05) and lower expressible moisture (p < 0.05). The rheological study showed that protein isolates exhibited different storage modulus and loss tangent patterns from conventional washed surimi during heating. Acid-aided processing could lead to higher denaturation and dissociation for fish muscle myosin and a coarser gel network from the sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) pattern and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Overall, there is a potential to apply pH shift processing, especially alkali-aided processing, to extract more proteins from bighead carp muscle for the production of surimi-based food.     

The influence of diet on the grass carp intestinal microbiota and bile acids

To elucidate the influence of different diet on the intestinal microbe and bile acids, we characterized the microbiota and bile acids in the hindgut content of grass carp fed on formula feed (FF group) or Sudan grass (SG group). Fusobacteria and Proteobacteria were significantly more represented in FF group than in SG group whereas Bacteroidetes was significantly more abundant in SG group than in FF group. Simpson diversity was significantly higher in FF group than in SG group (t = 2.33, P < 0.05). Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) was the most abundant primary bile acid in the two groups, with average concentrations of 1.03 ± 0.62 and 4.44 ± 1.80 ng mg^?1 in SG and FF group respectively. The most abundant secondary bile acid was deoxycholic acid (DCA) in SG group and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in FF group, with average concentrations of 0.17 ± 0.06 and 2.67 ± 0.88 ng mg^?1 respectively. UDCA is significantly more abundant in FF group than in SG group, and the total bile acids were higher in FF group than in SG group. Cetobacterium and Fusobacteriaceae U114 were significantly related with the concentrations of CDCA (r = 0.85, P < 0.05 and r = 0.82, P < 0.05 respectively) and UDCA (r = 0.92, P < 0.01 and r = 0.92, P < 0.01 respectively). However, Bacteroides was negatively related with the concentration of UDCA (r = ?0.67, P < 0.05). Overall, there existed certain relationship between the intestinal microbes and the faecal bile acids, and they were both influenced by the diet.     

Two biomass preparation methods provide insights into studying microbial communities of intestinal mucosa in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)

Animal digestive tract is habitat for a large number of autochthonous microbiota, which play central roles in multiple biological and physiological processes of the host. In this study, two different micro‐biomass preparation methods were employed to evaluate the diversity of intestinal mucosa‐associated microbiota in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Genomic DNAs were isolated either directly from intestinal mucosal samples (group A), or from micro‐biomass after microbial dissociation (group B). Community richness, diversity and evenness indices were all higher in group B, but differences were not statistically significant (P = 0.97, P = 0.33, P = 0.34 respectively). Furthermore, group B samples exhibited an increased ratio of bacterial DNA in comparison with group A samples, but the difference was also not statistically significant (P = 0.74). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05) at the taxonomic level. Our results support previous findings that there exists a great abundance of the intestinal mucosa‐adherent microbiota in the grass carp; among these, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Spirochaetes and Fusobacteria were the most common phyla. Within these microbiota, Paenibacillus, Bacteroides, Bacillus and Cetobacterium genera comprise the majority of the community, implicating their functional importance (e.g. as probiotics) to their host. Our results contribute towards a better understanding of the intestinal microbial profile of grass carp. Both micro‐biomass preparation techniques proved to be feasible for studying mucosa‐adherent microbiota of grass carp; however, the second method (group B) provides a protocol that is somewhat more effective than the first method (group A).     

水体表面浮植水蕹菜养鱼

随着草食性鱼类养殖的迅速发展,青饲料供不应求和青饲料地十分紧缺等问题日益突出。为寻求解决这些问题,作者于1985—1988年进行了水体表面浮植水蕹菜养鱼的研究工作。现将主要研究结果报道如下。     

我国养鳟面临的问题及其对策探讨

本文总结我国虹鳟引进至今在消化吸收及国产化方面所取得的进展及当前存在的主要问题.并提出今后我国养鳟业应以专业户为主,加强对现有鳟鱼场的管理,挖掘潜力,建立全国流通体系.南方养鳟可土池、水泥池并举以降低成本在技术管理上需予注意三个问题.     

虹鳟鱼的养殖技术特点和前景展望

本文阐述了养鳟业的经济意义和价值,并从养鳟用水和生产方式、苗种生产、食用鱼养成、养鳟饲料、海水养鳟,疾病防治等方面总结了养鳟基本技术,同时对我国养鳟历史作了回顾,提出了我国养鳟业的发展前景。