Exogenous CaCl2 reduces salt stress in sour jujube by reducing Na+ and increasing K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in different plant organs

In this study, we investigated the effects of 10 mM CaCl₂ on membrane permeability, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ concentrations in different organs of sour jujube grown under 150 mM NaCl stress. Our results showed 73% leaf wilting in the Na treatment. The Na treatment significantly increased leaf superoxide (O₂^.?) production rates, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) concentrations, cell membrane permeability, MDA concentrations, and Na⁺ concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves. The Na treatment significantly reduced K⁺, Ca²⁺,and Mg²⁺ concentrations in roots, but increased K⁺ concentrations in stems. Compared with the Na treatment, 39% of the leaves showed wilting symptoms in the Na+Ca treatment. The Na+Ca treatment significantly decreased leaf O₂^.? production rates, H₂O₂ concentrations, cell membrane permeability, and MDA concentrations. Moreover, the Na+Ca treatment (1) significantly reduced Na⁺ concentrations in roots, stems, and leaves; (2) significantly increased root K⁺ concentrations; (3) significantly increased K⁺/Na⁺ ratios in roots; (4) significantly increased Ca²⁺ concentrations in stems and leaves, and Mg²⁺ concentrations in roots. In conclusion, exogenous CaCl₂ reduces NaCl stress in sour jujube by reducing Na+ concentrations and increasing K⁺, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ concentrations in various plant organs.     

磁化处理的全尾砂料浆沉降参数优化模型

为了提高全尾砂料浆的脱水浓缩效果,将磁化处理技术引入到全尾砂料浆脱水浓缩中,并建立GA-SVM模型优选全尾砂料浆的沉降参数。建立支持向量机（SVM）沉降参数优化模型,以磁感应强度、磁化处理时间、料浆流速、料浆浓度、絮凝剂单耗为输入因子,沉降速度为综合输出因子,通过正交试验建立样本数据对SVM模型进行训练与检验,采用遗传算法（GA）对SVM模型参数进行优化,进而得到磁化全尾砂料浆沉降参数的GA-SVM优化模型。将GA-SVM模型运用到某铁矿磁化全尾砂料浆沉降参数优化中,得到的最佳沉降参数为磁感应强度0.192 T、磁化处理时间1.85 min、料浆速度1.92 m/s、PAC单耗28 g/t,沉降速度可达约155 cm/h。研究表明：适宜的磁化处理条件可提高全尾砂料浆的脱水浓缩效果,节约30.0%~42.5% PAC用量,GA-SVM模型对全尾砂料浆沉降参数预测结果相对误差在5%以内、预测精度高,为全尾砂料浆脱水浓缩及其参数优选提供了一种新思路。     

不同动态水压模式下迷宫流道内颗粒物运动特性研究

采用PTV技术,观测三角函数、三角、台阶、矩形波形动态水压模式下迷宫流道内颗粒物的运动情况,分析不同动态水压模式下迷宫流道内单个颗粒物运动轨迹、运动速度及流体流场,揭示动态水压抗堵塞机理。结果表明:相对于三角、台阶及矩形波形动态水压模式,三角函数波形动态水压模式下颗粒物滞留滞止区内的时间最短,颗粒物的沉积概率最小,水流对颗粒物的输移能力最大;三角函数波形动态水压模式下流道内产生的水流波动效应不断冲击流道滞止区内存在的低速漩涡,加剧了滞止区水流紊动,进入滞止区的颗粒物随水流不断运动,并对滞留甚至沉积在滞止区内的颗粒物发生强烈冲击,使得颗粒物离底悬浮,返回主流区,并迅速通过流道,增大了水流对颗粒物的输移能力,增强了流道的抗堵塞性能。     

马铃薯地上部绿色组织中糖苷生物碱合成调控的研究

为提高马铃薯品种(系)地上部分糖苷生物碱(SGAs)的含量,增强其抗逆性并改良块茎的品质。克隆了马铃薯茄啶鼠李糖基转移酶基因(sgt3)cDNA和1,5–二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶小亚基基因启动子(rbcS P);对sgt3亚细胞定位预测显示,该蛋白不具有叶绿体转运肽、线粒体导肽和分泌信号肽序列,推测可能位于细胞质;将克隆的sgt3 cDNA片段及rbcS重组到pCEPSP载体上,构建了具有草甘膦抗性标记的绿色组织特异表达sgt3基因植物表达载体。通过农杆菌介导法对马铃薯品种‘陇薯3号’和‘夏波蒂’进行转化,共获得了12株抗草甘膦的阳性转基因植株。对转基因植株的目的基因表达水平和SGAs含量分析发现,地上部sgt3基因相对表达量较未转化植株提高1.3~3.0倍,SGAs含量增加20%~37%,而转基因植株的块茎中SGAs含量变化不显著。本研究的结果为进一步培育枝、叶中高SGAs而块茎中低SGAs的马铃薯抗性品种提供了理论依据。     

杂交玉米新品种康农20特征特性及配套栽培技术

康农20是湖北康农种业股份有限公司用自交系FL 706作母本,自交系FL 598作父本组配选育而成杂交玉米新品种.贵州友禾种业有限公司引进,2016年通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定(编号:黔审玉2016003号). 1 品种特征特性 康农20全生育期126 d,与对照黔单16相当.幼苗叶鞘紫色,株型半紧凑,株高281 cm,穗位高108cm.雄穗一次分枝10个左右,最低位侧枝以上主轴长32 cm,最高位侧枝以上主轴长22 cm,雄花护颖紫色,颖基紫色,花药紫色,雌穗花丝浅粉红色.穗长18.6 cm,穗行数16.6行,秃尖1 cm,单穗粒重227 g,籽粒黄色,百粒重40.4 g.半马齿型,穗轴白色.     

高效氯氰菊酯对小鼠卵巢生殖功能的影响及维生素E的干预作用

为探究高效氯氰菊酯 (beta-cypermethrin, β-CP) 对雌性小鼠卵巢生殖功能的影响及维生素E (vitamin E, VE) 的干预作用,将雌性昆白小鼠随机分为6 组:空白对照组 (花生油处理)、β-CP不同剂量 (10、20、40 mg/kg) 处理组、VE保护组 (20 mg/kg β-CP+20 mg/kg VE) 和VE组 (20 mg/kg VE),连续灌胃10 d。灌胃结束后取小鼠卵巢组织,观察组织结构的病理变化,采用免疫组化法、蛋白免疫印迹试验及RT-PCR方法检测卵巢中StAR蛋白含量及casp-3、casp-8、INHα和INHβB 基因mRNA表达的变化。结果显示:与对照相比,10、20和40 mg/kg的β-CP处理均使小鼠卵巢组织结构发生了损伤,使组织中StAR蛋白的浓度分别降低了18.8%、36.3%和40.3%,casp-3基因的表达分别升高了16.0%、26.7%和52.9%,INHα基因的表达分别升高了34.5%、83.6%和228.7%,INHβB基因的表达分别升高了7.5%、39.2%和52.7%;20和40 mg/kg的β-CP处理使得casp-8基因的表达分别升高了27.1%和36.7%。上述处理组与对照组的差异均达显著水平 (P＜0.05)。与 20 mg/kg β-CP处理组相比,VE 保护组的StAR蛋白含量也显著增多 (P＜0.05)。研究表明,β-CP对小鼠卵巢具有毒性作用,这与β-CP抑制StAR蛋白的合成,上调casp-3、casp-8、INHα及INHβB基因的表达有关;添加VE对小鼠卵巢有一定的保护作用,这与VE可减弱β-CP对StAR蛋白合成的抑制作用有关。     

苹果细胞分裂素氧化酶基因MdCKX7.2的克隆及抗性鉴定

采用同源克隆和PCR技术从‘嘎拉’苹果(Malus×domestica Borkh.)中克隆细胞分裂素氧化酶基因MdCKX7.2(基因序列号:MDP0000279125)。该基因含有1 542 bp的完整开放阅读框,编码513个氨基酸。利用Plant CARE数据库对MdCKX7.2启动子顺式作用元件进行预测分析,发现MdCKX7.2启动子序列中存在光、干旱、脱落酸、水杨酸、茉莉酸甲酯等响应元件。基因表达分析发现,‘嘎拉’幼苗中MdCKX7.2的表达明显受干旱和ABA的诱导。通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化获得MdCKX7.2转基因拟南芥植株。抗性试验表明,异位表达MdCKX7.2基因明显提高了拟南芥对干旱胁迫的抗性。拟南芥种子萌发试验表明,在拟南芥中异位表达MdCKX7.2提高了植株对ABA的敏感性,种子萌发率和幼苗鲜质量明显下降,与种子萌发相关基因的表达量明显上调。以上试验结果表明,MdCKX7.2在植物非生物胁迫响应中发挥重要作用。     

All-trans retinoic acid attenuates blood-brain barrier injury induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats through JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on blood-brain barrier after cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (CIR) injury in rats and its possible role mechanism.METHODS: Male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, model (CIR) group and CIR+ATRA (10, 30 and 90 mg/kg) groups. The rat model of CIR injury was established by MCAO thread occlusion method. After ischemia for 1.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h, the neurological functional behavioral score, cerebral infarction volume, brain water content and Evans blue content were determined. The activity of matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) was measured by gelatin zymography. The protein levels of claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1, JNK, p-JNK, P38, p-P38 and MMP-9 in the brain tissues were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: Compared with CIR model group, ATRA at 30 mg/kg significantly improved neurological function, and decreased cerebral infarction volume, brain water content, Evans blue content and the degradation of tight junction proteins in ischemic area (P<0.01). The activity and protein expression of MMP-9 in ischemic brain tissue were decreased (P<0.01). The phosphorylation of JNK and P38 was inhibited and the protein levels of p-JNK and p-P38 were decreased (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: ATRA reduces the damage of brain tissue and the destruction of blood-brain barrier induced by CIR in rats. The protective effect may be related to inhibiting the activation of JNK/P38 MAPK signaling pathway and MMP-9.     

Salvianolate attenuates oxidative stress injury of human endothelial EA.hy926 cells induced by hydrogen peroxide

AIM: To investigate the effect of salvianolate on oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide in human endothelial EA.hy926 cells.METHODS: EA.hy926 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into the following groups:control group, damage group, and anti-damage groups (salvianolate+damage groups). The cell viability was measured by CCK-8 assay. The migration ability of the EA.hy926 cells was detected by Transwell assay. The content of nitric oxide (NO) in the culture supernatant of the EA.hy926 cells was examined. The levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by ELISA. The apoptosis,mitochondrial membrane potential and intracellular superoxide anion content of the EA.hy926 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax, NF-κB and p53 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with damage group, the viability of EA.hy926 cells pretreated with salvianolate at different concentrations was significantly increased (P<0.05). The apoptotic rate was significantly decreased (P<0.05). Savianolate enhanced the migration ability of the cells. The levels of VEGF, NO and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were increased (P<0.05), and the intracellular ROS level was significantly decreased (P<0.05). The protein levels of NF-κB, p53, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly decreased, and the protein level of Bcl-2 was markedly increased(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Savianolate reduces the damage of EA.hy926 cells by hydrogen peroxide exposure, and its mechanism may be related to the blocking of NF-κB signaling pathway.     

两种模型分析方法下冬小麦根系吸水深度的对比研究

为了研究冬小麦根系吸水深度,应用塑料管土柱法在田间进行冬小麦种植试验,测定了冬小麦越冬期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期不同土层深度土壤水稳定同位素值,并应用耦合模型和IsoSource多元线性模型对比分析了水源贡献率。结果表明,冬小麦在越冬期、返青期主要利用0~20 cm土层的土壤水,拔节期主要吸水深度为0~40 cm;抽穗期,基于耦合模型的主要吸水深度为0~40 cm,基于IsoSource多元线性模型的为0~40 cm和80~180 cm;灌浆期,基于耦合模型和IsoSource多元线性模型的主要不同吸水深度为180~200 cm,且基于耦合模型的该层贡献率明显高于IsoSource多元线性模型;成熟期主要利用0~40 cm和80~100 cm土层的土壤水,基于2种模型的分析结果相同。应用耦合模型求解贡献率,当分组较多且组间水稳定同位素差异较小时,应结合其他方法来保证其准确性。