甘薯的保健功能及药用价值研究进展

甘薯在控制人类许多疾病(如癌症、糖尿病和心脑血管疾病等)方面具有药用价值。同时,甘薯还具有抗氧化、预防肥胖和增强免疫力等保健功能。系统综述近年来甘薯的保健功能及药用价值方面的研究成果,并对其应用进行展望。     

12个主产区历史小麦品种抗叶锈病基因分析

近年来,小麦叶锈病发生有加重趋势,培育抗病品种是减轻小麦叶锈病危害的环保有效途径。用12个小麦品种及35个含已知抗叶锈病基因的载体品系在苗期接种19个不同毒性的叶锈菌生理小种,通过基因推导和系谱分析发掘待测品种中的抗叶锈病基因,并通过分子标记检测进一步验证;在田间接种强毒性混合生理小种,进行成株期病情严重度与普遍率调查,筛选慢锈性品种。结果表明,在石新828、百农3217、济南2号、泰山1号、石特14、晋麦2148、烟农15、小偃6号、温麦6号共9个品种中检测到Lr1、Lr26、Lr34、Lr37和Lr46共5个抗叶锈病基因,其中部分品种中发现多个抗性基因。成株期筛选出百农3217、平阳27、济南2号、泰山1号、石特14、晋麦2148、碧蚂4号、烟农15、小偃6号、温麦6号共10个慢叶锈性品种,其中碧蚂4号和小偃6号等品种是我国小麦育种的骨干亲本,探究这些品种中的抗病基因对培育小麦抗叶锈病品种具有重要意义。     

Substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch improves the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon in a double-rice cropping system

The double-rice cropping system is a very important intensive cropping system for food security in China. There have been few studies of the sustainability of yield and accumulation of soil organic carbon(SOC) in the double-rice cropping system following a partial substitution of chemical fertilizer by Chinese milk vetch(Mv). We conducted a 10-year(2008–2017) field experiment in Nan County, South-Central China, to examine the double-rice productivity and SOC accumulation in a paddy soil in response to different fertilization levels and Mv application(22.5 Mg ha~(–1)). Fertilizer and Mv were applied both individually and in combination(sole chemical fertilizers, Mv plus 100, 80, 60, 40, and 0% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers, labeled as F100, MF100, MF80, MF60, MF40, and MF0, respectively). It was found that the grain yields of double-rice crop in treatments receiving Mv were reduced when the dose of chemical fertilizer was reduced, while the change in SOC stock displayed a double peak curve. The MF100 produced the highest double-rice yield and SOC stock, with the value higher by 13.5 and 26.8% than that in the F100. However, the grain yields increased in the MF80(by 8.4% compared to the F100), while the SOC stock only increased by 8.4%. Analogous to the change of grain yield, the sustainable yield index(SYI) of double rice were improved significantly in the MF100 and MF80 compared to the F100, while there was a slight increase in the MF60 and MF40. After a certain amount of Mv input(22.5 Mg ha~(–1)), the carbon sequestration rate was affected by the nutrient input due to the stimulation of microbial biomass. Compared with the MF0, the MF100 and MF40 resulted in a dramatically higher carbon sequestration rate(with the value higher by 71.6 and 70.1%),whereas the MF80 induced a lower carbon sequestration rate with the value lower by 70.1% compared to the MF0. Based on the above results we suggested that Mv could partially replace chemical fertilizers(e.g., 40–60%) to improve or maintain the productivity and sustainability of the double-rice cropping system in South-Central China.     

5个冬麦品种产量性状和叶片特征多样性分析

采用单因素完全随机设计,调查5个冬麦品种产量性状和叶片特征多样性。结果表明,5项产量相关性状指标(株高、穗长、主穗粒数、有效分蘖数、有效小穗数)在不同冬麦品种间差异均达显著水平;5个品种的上表皮气孔密度均多于下表皮,其中,上表皮气孔密度为62.67~71.11个/mm2,下表皮气孔密度为30.00~46.25个/mm2;叶脉总数为57.00~65.67条;叶脉密度为36.89~43.00条/mm。     

夹竹桃叶提取液对红蜡蚧若虫防治效果的研究

为了解夹竹桃叶提取液对红蜡蚧若虫的防治效果,以无氯清水和95%乙醇为溶剂,提取得到夹竹桃叶水提液和夹竹桃叶醇提液,对红蜡蚧初孵若虫涌散期的防治效果进行初步研究。结果表明:夹竹桃叶提取液对红蜡蚧初孵若虫有较好的防治效果,随着提取液浓度的增加,防治效果增强;随着处理时间的延长,死亡率上升。夹竹桃叶水提液1∶10、夹竹桃叶醇提液1∶10浓度配比的防治效果最好。     

RTK测量系统在古树名木保护中的应用

RTK测量技术是GPS测量技术与数据传输技术的结合,可实时获得高精度三维定位信息,是测量领域又一次技术革命。本文以四方井水库古树名木保护定位测量为例,阐述RTK的含义、系统组成,分析RTK测量系统的优点以及在测量过程中应注意的问题,为提高林业勘测效率和结果准确性提供参考。     

Deficits of learning and memory in Hemojuvelin knockout mice

Iron is involved in various physiological processes of the human body to maintain normal functions. Abnormal iron accumulation in brain has been reported as a pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive impairments. Hemojuvelin (HVJ) is a membrane-bound and soluble protein in mammals that is responsible for the iron overload condition known as juvenile hemochromatosis. Although iron accumulation in brain has been related to neurodegenerative diseases, it remains unknown the effect of mutation of HVJ gene on cognitive performance. In our studies, HJV(−/−) mice showed deficits in novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. Furthermore, the expression ration of apoptotic marker Bax and anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2 in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex showed higher levels in HJV(−/−) mice. Our results suggested that deletion of HJV gene could increase apoptosis in brain which might contribute to learning and memory deficits in mutant mice. These results indicated that HJV(−/−) mice would be a useful model to study cognitive impairment induced by iron overload in brain.     

高羊茅种子内生真菌的消毒方法

在高羊茅Festuca arundinacea组织培养中最常用的外植体是成熟种子,而种子中共生的半知菌亚门内生真菌Neotyphodium coenophialum使消毒较为困难,污染率高.为了研究温水处理对富含内生真菌的高羊茅种子发芽率、污染率和出愈率的影响,以不同温度(40,50,60℃)、不同时间(10,20,30min)的温水浸泡和次氯酸钠配合使用处理高羊茅种子,并进行发芽率试验和愈伤组织培养.经统计学分析发现,适用于富含内生真菌的高羊茅种子的最佳消毒组合为50℃温水浸泡10min,再经70%酒精处理5min,然后用次氯酸钠处理15min.消毒方法在保证较高种子发芽率的前提下,可降低种子污染率,提高出愈率.该消毒技术对于解决高羊茅因内生真菌造成的严重污染、出愈率低等现象有重要作用,并为高羊茅再生体系构建奠定重要的试验基础.     

种公鸡精液品质的影响因素

1营养水平公鸡不需要高钙饲料,含钙过高的饲料对公鸡肾脏有损伤,因此要求配专用公鸡料。高钙饲粮也可能是因为高钙与微量元素之间的拮抗作用,从而影响种公鸡对微量元素的吸收利用,出现继发性微量元素缺乏,特别是锰、铜、锌缺乏,导致种公鸡繁殖机能下降,而不同品种的种公鸡对其耐受性差异较大。用高钙饲粮（含钙3.823％）饲喂父母代公鸡,