秋蚕饲育技术要点

针对秋季气候环境条件,采取相应的技术措施,才能保证秋蚕稳产高产. 1 把好消毒关 在夏蚕饲养结束后,首先进行蚕后消毒,即用2%的福尔马林液或含有效氯1%的漂白粉澄清液将蚕室蚕具先消一次毒后再搬出去清洗,晒干.养蚕前又用含有效氯1%漂白粉液对蚕室蚕具进行消毒,然后用硫磺柏桠熏烟一次,最后开放门窗,准备养蚕.上一季养蚕的大蚕室和上蔟室不能用来养下一季的小蚕.在饲养中要做到蚕期继续消毒,坚持每天用漂白粉防僵粉或新鲜石灰进行蚕体蚕座消毒,如发现病蚕应及时隔离淘汰,除沙时,对死蚕和淘汰的病、弱蚕必须投入石灰缸中集中深埋.除沙后坚持换鞋进出贮桑室,坚持洗手给桑等卫生制度,隔离病源防止蚕病传播蔓延.小蚕期坚持用含有效氯0.3%的漂白粉液进行擦洗桑叶,稍干后再喂蚕.     

2BFM-5型山地免耕播种机的设计与试验

针对黄土高原丘陵水蚀区残茬覆盖免耕播种及抗旱播种的作业要求,研制了以8.8～11.0?kW手持拖拉机为动力源的2BFM-5型山地免耕播种机。该播种机采用长翼尖角组合式种肥分施开沟器、复合铰链前位双轮仿形机构和螺旋齿槽轮排种器。田间试验表明：该播种机排种均匀性变异系数为35.4%,播深合格率为81.8%,平均种肥间距为44.0?mm,化肥集中在90～100?mm土层范围内,地表可形成宽66～85?mm、深40～52?mm的小垄沟,各项技术性能满足农业种植要求。该播种机适应中国黄土高原丘陵水蚀区缓坡地（＜15°）和水平梯田的免耕播种,满足雨养农业区播种技术的“深种浅覆、镇压提墒、集雨抗旱”等要求。     

基于离散元法的旋耕刀三向工作阻力仿真分析与试验

为分析旋耕刀所受三向工作阻力及其变化规律,该文通过实测南方果园土壤颗粒参数,逆向重构旋耕刀三维实体,基于离散元颗粒接触理论,构建了适应南方土质环境的旋耕刀-土壤相互作用仿真模型。土槽扭矩对比试验表明,仿真值与试验值的变化趋势相同,扭矩均随转速增加而变大,最大相对误差10%;扭矩先从0增加到某个最大值,接着逐步减小到一个低值,随后又快速增加到一个高值,最后回落,该变化过程同旋耕刀与土壤之间的接触状态相关。单刀受力仿真分析表明,水平阻力方向与前进方向相同,侧向阻力方向为由刀具弯折区内侧面指向刀体,垂直阻力方向为先垂直土面向上后转为向下;水平阻力和侧向阻力在最大耕深处出现最大值,而垂直阻力在入土后转动约30°时出现最大值;水平阻力和垂直阻力的仿真波形与理论计算、土槽试验结果比照表明,对应曲线的变化趋势基本一致,且仿真结果与土槽试验结果更为接近,水平阻力相对误差为11.3%,垂直阻力相对误差为16.8%;水平阻力最大值大于侧向和垂直方向阻力最大值,水平阻力是功率消耗的主要因素;随着转速的增加,3个方向阻力最大值均增大,当转速高于250 r/min时,增速加快;侧向阻力和垂直阻力随前进速度增加而平稳增大,水平阻力却出现下滑趋势;耕深对三向阻力的影响比较显著,增加耕深会急剧增大三向阻力值。相关试验数据可为旋耕机能耗分析、机体作业振动及刀片磨损等研究提供参考。     

番茄果实成熟衰老相关蛋白酶鉴定

为进一步研究蛋白酶与成熟衰老的关系,试验以‘918’番茄(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.cv.918)果实为材料,采用改进的含明胶的十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法对番茄果实中的蛋白酶进行检测,结果发现番茄果实中有3个蛋白酶,命名为SP-1、SP-2和SP-3,其活性伴随着果实后熟衰老发生变化。乙烯处理可提高番茄果实蛋白酶SP-2的活性,使SP-1和SP-3活性被提前检出,而1-甲基环丙烯处理对蛋白酶起相反作用。番茄果实蛋白酶受果实后熟衰老和乙烯的双重调控,是衰老相关蛋白酶。该文为进一步研究蛋白酶与果蔬衰老的关系提供参考。     

东北地区兴安落叶松和红皮云杉球果种实害虫危害调查初报

１９９３年４－９月与法国农科院合作，北地区兴安落叶松和红皮云杉球果种实害虫危害调查的初步总结得出：危害兴安落叶松球果的害虫以球果花蝇属为主，共５种，落叶松球果花蝇。贝加尔球果花蝇，黑胸球果花蝇，稀球果花蝇和斯氏球果花蝇。其中斯氏球果花蝇在我国是首次报首为新记录。这几咱花蝇造成的落叶松要被害率，其中有些地区可达１００％，平均为６３％。以黑胸球果花蝇为绝对优势种，占花蝇种群数量的５３％。兴安落叶松种子     

DDGS对鸡肉品质影响的研究

随机设置2个处理组(对照组和添加8%DDGS的试验组,n=144)来评估在肉鸡日粮中添加DDGS对鸡胸肉和鸡腿肉质量的影响。首先利用电击瞬间致昏动物,然后作放血、浸烫、打毛等处理。肉鸡死亡4h之后将胸肉和腿肉从鸡胴体上在低温条件下剥离。右侧鸡胸肉用来测定肉色、pH值、蒸煮损失、剪切力值,左侧胸肉用于感官评定;腿肉用于评估总胆汁酸(TBA)和脂肪酸组成。结果显示:添加了DDGS的试验组在肉色、pH值、蒸煮损失、剪切力值上与对照组差异不显著(P0.05)。另外,对照组和试验组在鸡肉质地上没有显著差异(P0.05),但对照组的鸡肉风味更容易被多数人所接受。一般喜欢和非常喜欢鸡肉的消费者不在这两个处理组之内,两组的试验成员属于一般可接受鸡肉的消费者。另外在感官评定的试验中,消费者对添加DDGS和对照组的鸡肉评价没有明显差异(P0.5),各组间的脂肪酸结构变化不大(P0.05),但添加DDGS处理组的鸡肉在亚油酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量上和对照组有很大差异(P0.05),这表明试验组的鸡肉更容易被氧化。总的来说,这两种喂养方式都可以生产出高质量的鸡胸肉和鸡腿肉。     

Time-dependent changes of calbindin D-28K and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes

The hippocampus is affected by various stimuli that include hyperglycemia, depression, and ischemia. Calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) have protective roles in the response to such stimuli. However, little is known about the expression of CaBPs under diabetic conditions. This study was conducted to examine alterations in the physiological parameters with type 1 diabetes induced with streptozotocin (STZ) as well as time-dependent changes in the expression of two CaBPs changes of were being evaluated. Rats treated with STZ (70 mg/kg) had high blood glucose levels (>21.4 mmol/L) along with increased food intake and water consumption volumes compared to the sham controls. In contrast, body weight of the animals treated with STZ was significantly reduced compared to the sham group. CB-specific immunoreactivity was generally increased in the hippocampal CA1 region and granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) 2 weeks after STZ treatment, but decreased thereafter in these regions. In contrast, the number of PV-immunoreactive neurons and fibers was unchanged in the hippocampus and DG 2 weeks after STZ treatment. However, this number subsequently decreased over time. These results suggest that CB and PV expression is lowest 3 weeks after STZ administration, and these deficits lead to disturbances in calcium homeostasis.     

Selection and Evaluation of Indexes Commonly Used to Determine Contamination with T-2 Toxin in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by the Grey Relational Method

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the mycotoxin T-2 toxin in feed on muscle performance in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, evaluate indexes of physiological variables that indicate T-2 toxin contamination in the shrimp using the grey relational method, and determine the dose–response relationships between T-2 toxin and the indexes. Of the 6 physical, 7 biochemical, and 17 nutritional indexes examined, the values of the grey relational coefficients were highest for the hepatopancreas: body weight ratio (HBR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and serine (SER) content (0.83, 0.68, and 0.82, respectively). Therefore, the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content were selected as appropriate indexes for contamination of Pacific white shrimp muscle with T-2 toxin. Based on their dose–response relationship curves, mean effective doses of 1.45, 1.69, and 1.33 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of feed were obtained for the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content, respectively. These results offer technical reference points for the evaluation and control of T-2 toxin in shrimp feed.

Received April 28, 2016 accepted April 9, 2017 Published online July 26, 2017     

High prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 in Chinese swine herds

Nested RT-PCR was used to investigate bovine viral diarrhea virus in 511 specimens collected from Chinese pigs exhibiting clinical symptoms between 2007 and 2010. Of these, 137 samples were BVDV-positive and the BVDV prevalence rate was 23.1% (9/39) in 2007, 27.7% (44/159) in 2008, 33.6% (34/101) in 2009, and 23.6% (50/212) in 2010. Twenty of 137 BVDV-positive samples were used for further genetic analysis of the 5'-UTR. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that they were BVDV-1 and subtyped into BVDV-1a, BVDV-1b, BVDV-1m, BVDV-1o and an unknown subgenotype. This study showed that BVDVs were highly prevalent in Chinese pig herds and appropriate measures should be taken to control BVDV prevalence in pig herds.     

高档育肥牛生产技术关键的分析探讨

高档牛肉的生产过程是一个系统工程．它应该包括高档育肥牛的生产及其屠宰加工两大方面。共十个环节。活牛生产的五大环节是：品种、饲料、防疫、管理和环境。屠宰加工的五大环节是：屠宰、预冷、分割（包括精修）、包装和保鲜（贮藏）。无论哪一个环节出了问题都将影响最终产品的质量。