褐腐杨木微观结构、力学性能与化学成分的关系研究

为了探究褐腐对阔叶材主要材性的影响规律,对杨木边材试件进行室内褐腐培养,为期12周,每周抽样分别测试健康和腐朽木材的微观结构、力学性能及化学成分,并分析其随褐腐程度的变化情况,研究力学性能和化学成分之间的关系。结果表明:随褐腐程度的加深,木材细胞腔内的菌丝越来越多,纹孔膜和纹孔边缘的细胞壁分别于质量损失率为10%、16%时出现开裂;质量损失率为24%时,细胞壁严重溃烂。褐腐培养时间和质量损失率都对力学性能影响极显著;冲击韧性和抗弯强度的损失率随褐腐程度呈对数函数变化趋势,抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度的损失率呈线性变化趋势。各力学指标对褐腐的响应速度以及受褐腐影响的程度均呈如下规律:冲击韧性抗弯强度抗弯弹性模量顺纹抗压强度。不同褐腐程度试样中的综纤维素、半纤维素以及抽出物含量差异极显著,纤维素和木质素差异不显著。腐朽过程中褐腐菌最先主要降解半纤维素,质量损失率为20%左右时,转为以分解纤维素为主。冲击韧性的快速显著降低与半纤维素的降解有关,抗弯强度的变化与综纤维素含量有关,抗弯弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度的线性降低是由纤维素的缓慢降解决定的。总之,在褐腐过程中,木材微观水平上化学成分的降解和细胞壁结构的破坏从根本上导致了宏观力学性能的降低。      

水分胁迫对幼苗期霸王叶片生理特性的影响

以霸王(Zygophyllum xanthoxylum)种子为材料,通过盆栽试验进行水分胁迫处理并分析其幼苗期叶片生长生理特性的变化及其与长期水分利用效率之间的相关关系.结果显示,1)霸王幼苗总叶面积、单叶面积随着水分胁迫的加剧显著减小,严重胁迫使总叶数急剧减少,与中度胁迫处理相比减少了51.2%;2)水分胁迫显著降低...     

5株H9N2亚型禽流感病毒血凝素蛋白分子特征分析和豚鼠间传播能力的评估

为研究H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)在哺乳动物间的传播能力,本研究以豚鼠为模型评价了5株H9N2亚型AIV在豚鼠体内的复制能力和水平传播能力,并分析了5株病毒血凝素(HA)蛋白的分子特征。结果表明,5株病毒均属于CK/Beijing谱系,其中2株病毒的HA具有人样受体特征(Lys226),2株病毒具有禽样受体特征(Gln226),而A/Chicken/JN/Li-2/2010(H9N2)株在该位点的氨基酸残基为苯丙氨酸(Phe226)。裂解位点分析表明,5株病毒均具有低致病性AIV特征。个别病毒的潜在糖基化位点存在增加或缺失现象。感染试验表明,5株病毒均能够在豚鼠呼吸道复制。并且在鼻甲骨处复制稳定,平均病毒滴度为2.01 Log EID50/mL～4.5 Log EID50/mL。传播试验表明,所有病毒株的人工接种豚鼠的鼻洗液中均能够检测到病毒,最长排毒期为接毒后第8 d,而接触组豚鼠鼻洗液中未检测到病毒。本研究表明,5株H9N2亚型AIV均属于CK/Beijing谱系,部分病毒株的HA蛋白已具备人样受体结合特征,并且关键氨基酸位点(226位)处出现新的突变。5株病毒均能够在豚鼠呼吸道复制并通过上呼吸道排毒,但不能在豚鼠间同群传播。     

H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫肉鸡、水禽后抗体消长规律的研究

通过对父母代肉鸡、水禽禽流感病毒H5血清血凝抑制抗体水平连续跟踪监测。探讨Hs亚型禽流感疫苗免疫肉鸡、水禽后抗体消长规律。结果表明：雏鸡7日龄时母源抗体水平达最大值,20日龄时母源抗体下降到极低水平,雏鸡最佳首次免疫日龄为10日龄左右,二次免疫应根据鸡群母源抗体水平于首次免疫后100d左右进行。雏鹅、鸭3日龄进行首次免疫,水禽对禽流感疫苗产生良好的免疫应答,并于免疫后25-30d达到抗体高峰,但首次免疫抗体维持时间不长,最佳二次免疫时间应在首次免疫后30d左右进行。     

中国仙女蛤人工育苗试验

2009年在福建平潭进行了2批次中华仙女蛤人工育苗试验。结果表明,亲贝性腺发育成熟程度与催产方法是影响中国仙女蛤亲贝催产成功率和排放率高低的主要因素;在2批亲贝的平均鲜出肉率分别为(31.6±2.0)%和(32.8±2.3)%的前提下,采用阴干、碘钨灯照射提高亲贝体温、流水刺激相结合的物理综合刺激方法可有效地催产中国仙女蛤并培育出健康苗种。但中国仙女蛤亲贝排精产卵的个数比例较小,即亲贝的排放率较低,2批次育苗的排放率分别仅为16.7%和26.7%。2批次共培育出平均壳长为2.87±0.14mm的中国仙女蛤苗种1 331×106cfu。     

Effect of CHOP expression knock-down on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM:To study the effect of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) on the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells. METHODS:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury and healthy controls were detected by qPCR. In vitro, renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells were divided into control group, negative group (transfected with negative control siRNA), si-CHOP group (transfected with CHOP siRNA), and induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). The viability of the cells was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptotic rate was analyzed by flow cytometry. The protein levels of nuclear antigen Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:Compared with the healthy controls, the serum mRNA levels of CHOP in the patients with acute kidney injury were increased significantly (P<0.05). Transfection with CHOP siRNA significantly decreased the expression of CHOP in the renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05). Knock-down of CHOP expression by siRNA significantly increased the viability of renal tubular epithelial HK2 cells (P<0.05), decreased the apoptotic rate (P<0.05), increased the expression of Ki-67 and PCNA (P<0.05), and down-regulated the protein level of cleaved caspase-3 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:The serum mRNA levels of CHOP were increased in the patients with acute kidney injury. Knock-down of CHOP expression inhibits the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells by regulating the expression of proliferation-and apoptosis-related proteins.     

Effects of uremic serum of different molecular weight groups ongene and protein expression of connective tissue growth factor gene and proteinexpression in human renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM:To investigate the effects of uremic serum of different molecular weight groups on gene and protein expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in human renal tubular epithelial cells.METHODS:The serum from 40 chronic renal failure patients and 20 healthy volunteers were collected and uremic serum was segregated to three groups: >10 000 D,5 000-10 000 D,<5 000 D by 10 000 D and 5 000 D molecular weight Centricon Plus 20 Centrifugal Filter Devices.The protein expression of CTGF was examined by Western blotting.The mRNA expression of CTGF was detected by RT-PCR.RESULTS:CTGF gene expression were increased in 2.5%-20% uremic serum groups compared with that in normal control group,and it was the highest in 10% uremic serum groups.CTGF gene expression was increased significantly in molecular weight >10 000 D and 5 000-10 000 D groups,and the highest was in >10 000 D group,but it was no significant difference in <5 000 D group compared with that in normal control group.CTGF protein was increased in different molecular weight uremic serum groups compared with that in normal control group,and gradually increased following the increasing of uremic serum concentration and it was the highest in molecular weight >10 000 D group.CONCLUSION:Human renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis was accelerated significantly by uremic toxin,especially molecular weight >10 000 D uremic toxin through promoting the gene and protein expression of CTGF in renal tubular epithelial cells in patients with chronic renal failure.     

现代农业技术及其经济性分析

对现代农业技术的概念、重要性作了阐述,对现代农业技术发展中存在的问题应用经济性的手段进行了分析和探讨,提出的相应解决方法是:加强现代农业技术的产业化,加强现代农业技术的产业体系建设,优化现代农业技术的区域布局,加强现代农业技术的政策调整,加强现代农业技术创新.     

全膜垄作侧播栽培模式下主要旱作马铃薯品种营养品质综合评价

在定西半干旱黄土丘陵区,通过大田试验研究了全膜垄作侧播模式下甘引1号、甘引2号、黑美人、新大坪、青薯9号、庄薯3号、陇薯6号、定薯1号、青薯168等9个主栽马铃薯品种的营养品质性状差异,并采用模糊数学的隶属函数法和因子分析法综合评价了各品种的营养品质,以期为甘肃马铃薯主产区优质马铃薯品种选择提供科学依据。结果表明,全膜垄作侧播栽培技术模式下,9个马铃薯品种综合营养品质顺序依次是甘引1号甘引2号黑美人新大坪青薯9号庄薯3号陇薯6号=定薯1号青薯168。     

镜鲤碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶QTL 定位分析

磷酸酶普遍存在于动物的各组织中,对磷酸单酯键具有水解活性,是机体生长代谢、保持内环境稳定和维持机体健康所必需的酶。以镜鲤(Cyprinus carpio L.)全同胞家系190个个体为材料,用992对微卫星(SSR)标记进行基因组扫描,采用区间作图法,对肠组织的碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶进行了QTL定位分析。QTL检测显示:5个QTL区间与酸性磷酸酶活性相关,其中3个QTL为99%染色体水平显著性,分别位于LG2(CA2049-CA2371)、LG25(HLJ2941-HLJ3946)和LG28(CA2263-HLJ2873),另外两个QTL区间为95%染色体水平显著性,位于LG14(HLJ3275-CA174)和LG14(CA1276-CA2208),解释表形变异率范围为8.1%～38.9%;2个与碱性磷酸酶相关的QTL区间均为95%染色体水平显著性,分别位于LG8和LG13,可解释变异率分别为7.3%和7.0%。