灰飞虱在水稻田空间分布格局及抽样技术研究

为了提高对灰飞虱在稻田的监测预报与持续控制水平,应用聚集度指标法、Iwao法和Taylor幂法则,研究了浙西北水稻田灰飞虱的空间分布格局和抽样技术。结果表明,灰飞虱在水稻田呈聚集分布为主,聚集强度随虫口密度增加而增强。其聚集原因经Blackith种群聚集均数(λ)测定,当成虫、成若虫平均虫口密度分别在1.3978头/丛、1.4883头/丛以下时,λ<2,聚集是由周边环境、移栽期、生育期等某种环境因素所引起的;当成虫、成若虫平均虫口密度分别在1.3978头/丛、1.4883头/丛以上时,λ≥2。而若虫：λ均≥2。其聚集因素是由灰飞虱自身特性与环境因子共同作用所引起。以此为基础,提出了理论抽样数和序贯抽样模型：n=(1.96)2/D2(1.35595/m+0.41366)和T(n)= 5n±4.13778 。研究结果为稻田灰飞虱的准确抽样调查和有效防治提供了科学依据。     

甘草总黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌的作用研究

为了研究甘草总黄酮对金葡菌的抗菌活性以及亚抑菌浓度的甘草总黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌α-溶血素分泌的影响。首先,采用微量肉汤稀释法测定了甘草总黄酮对6株金葡菌标准菌株的最小抑菌浓度;其次,采用溶血试验、蛋白免疫印迹试验以及荧光定量PCR试验分别在表型功能、蛋白表达和基因转录3个层次确证了其对α-溶血素表达的影响。结果表明：甘草总黄酮具有良好的抗金葡菌作用,其最小抑菌浓度范围为4~16 μg/mL,而亚抑菌浓度的甘草总黄酮能浓度依赖性地降低金葡菌α-溶血素的分泌。     

超级稻育种技术和途径的探讨

回顾了超级稻发展的历程,由于育种技术和栽培方法不断开拓创新,中国水稻最高单产屡屡突破世界纪录,超级稻育种技术居世界领先水平。在综观国内外超级稻育种研究现状的基础上,综述了水稻产量的理论极限及超级稻育种技术,并提出了对今后超级稻育种的看法。     

轮作对甘薯地线虫群落组成及多样性的影响

针对甘薯茎线虫病严重的多年连种区进行轮作玉米试验,研究连种甘薯、轮作玉米对甘薯地土壤线虫群落种类组成、垂直分布、线虫群落的多样性的影响,其结果共获得3目8科15属线虫。连种甘薯地极优势属为茎属Ditylenchus,甘薯地轮作玉米其极优势属为头叶线虫属Cephalobus、真头叶线虫属Eucephalobus,滑刃Aphelenchoides和真滑刃线虫属Aphelenchus。连种甘薯和轮作玉米地同一土层线虫属数量间没有显著差异,线虫数量间有显著差异;应用Shannon多样性指数、J均匀度指数、SR丰富度指数分析了连种甘薯和轮作玉米地土壤线虫群落的多样性,其中Shannon指数、SR指数最敏感,应用WI指数分析了土壤线虫群落的营养结构,WI指数可反映轮作玉米与连种甘薯间土壤线虫群落结构的差异;轮作可减少植物寄生线虫种类和数量,增加食细菌和食真菌线虫的数量,可改变线虫群落的营养结构。     

转CBF1基因地被石竹的抗寒性评价

本研究以4个转拟南芥CBF1基因的地被石竹株系及非转基因地被石竹为材料,通过测定相对电导率、脯氨酸含量及丙二醛含量进行抗寒性评价。研究发现不同低温处理后,转基因株系比对照植株(CK)的相对电导率和丙二醛含量低,而脯氨酸含量高,说明转入CBF1基因后,地被石竹的抗寒性增强了。转基因各株系之间有差异,其中株系27的抗寒性最强。     

烟蚜茧蜂繁殖利用概述

烟蚜Myzus persicae（Sulzer）是为害烟草Nicotina tobaccum L.的一种主要害虫,目前生产上还是以化学杀虫剂为主控制该虫的为害。烟蚜茧蜂是烟蚜的优势寄生天敌,对烟蚜茧蜂寄主、繁殖技术和对烟蚜的控制作用及其规模化应用等方面的研究进展情况进行了概述,并对制约烟蚜茧蜂规模化繁殖利用的主要技术因素进行了探讨,以期为烟蚜茧蜂的规模化繁殖利用研究提供参考。     

黄瓜上烟粉虱成虫种群空间分布格局及时序动态

应用6种聚集度指标和Iwao法、Taylor幂法则,考查了2006年7—8月份烟粉虱成虫种群（Bemisia tabaci）在黄瓜上的分布型;分析这些聚集度指标与密度的相关性,选择了受密度影响较小的负二项分布的k值,描述种群的时序动态。结果显示：在黄瓜的生长期间,该成虫种群聚集强度有明显的变化,水平空间为高→低→高→低,百株虫量最多为23359头,最少为1908头;垂直空间为低→高→低→高,百株第8叶烟粉虱成虫数量最多,为9093头,其次是第9叶和第7叶,分别为8488头和8353头。从该种群在黄瓜上的整个发生期来看,种群空间格局处于扩散和聚集交替进行的动态过程中。在空间分布格局研究的基础上,给出了合适的抽样数。     

Creation of a New Resistant Germplasm to Verticillium Wilt by Distant Hybridization in Upland Cotton

To create new germplasm lines resistant to Verticillium wilt in upland cotton, 65 distant hybridization germplasm lines (DHGLs) in upland cotton genetic background were cultivated by interspecific hybridization between Gossypium hirsutum and wild species including G. anomalum, G. armourianum, G. aridum, G. raimondii, G. mustelinum, interspecific F₁ backcrossing with G. hirsutum for four generations, and selfing for four generations, followed by a conventional breeding program. The results of agronomic trait identification during 2011-2012 indicated that average plant heights of DHGLs were closely similar to commercial cultivars of upland cotton, while average fruit branches, fruit nodes, bolls of DHGLs individual plant were lower than those in commercial cultivars of upland cotton. Average single boll weight and lint percentage of DHGLs were lower than commercial cultivars of upland cotton. Fiber length, strength, fineness and maturity of DHGLs were reasonably collocated. Fiber of most lines was suitable for spinning extra high count yarn, but the main fiber quality indices of commercial cultivars of upland cotton were not well coordinated. Identification of resistance to Verticillium wilt in defoliation disease nursery during 2012-2013 indicated that five DHGLs resistant to Verticillium wilt . Suyuan 040, Suyuan 045 and Suyuan 061 were highly resistant to Verticillium wilt with a disease index of 8.33, 4.35 and 7.79, respectively. Suyuan 030 and Suyuan 034 were resistant to Verticillium wilt with a disease index of 12.35 and 13.70, respectively. The genetic relationship of new germplasm lines resistant to Verticillium wilt were traced and showed that Suyuan 040 and Suyuan 045 were DHGLs of G. raimondii, Suyuan 061 was DHGL of G.mustelinum, Suyuan 030 and Suyuan 034 were DHGLs of G. aridum.     

Genetic and genotype × environment interaction effects analysis for erucic acid content in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Genetic main effects and genotype × environment (GE) interaction effects for erucic acid content (EAC) in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) were analyzed for two year data by using the genetic models and corresponding statistical approaches for quantitative traits of diploid plant seeds. Eight parents were included in adiallel mating design in two environments. It was found that the embryo, cytoplasmic and maternal main effects and their GE interaction effects could simultaneously affect the performance of EAC, especially for the cytoplasmic and maternal effects. Since the amount of genetic main effects from the expression of genes in different genetic systems accounted for about 64.1%of the total genetic effects, EAC of rapeseed was mainly controlled by genetic main effects. The total narrow-sense heritability for EAC was 83.6% with the general heritability being 51.9% and the interaction heritability being 31.7%. It was suggested by the predicted genetic effects, that Tower and Youcai 601 were better than other parents for reducing EAC in rapeseed quality breeding. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

河南地区杨树"黄叶病"研究初报

为确定河南地区杨树黄叶病的病因并提出有效的防治措施,开展了元素补充、组织粉碎回接、微生物分离回接、线虫检测、电子显微镜切片观察、植原体的PCR及DAPI检测等实验。结果表明：对轻度病株施硫酸亚铁有较好的治疗效果;回接组织粉碎物的健株无症状表现;从病株的根、茎、叶中分离了4种微生物并进行了回接,27．5％的接种苗出现了与黄叶病相似的症状;在病株体内没有发现植原体和内寄生性线虫;电子显微镜下观测到了杆状细菌存在。研究结果对该病害的后续研究具有重要的参考价值。