环模制粒挤压过程力学建模及影响因素分析

该文旨在通过研究环模制粒机挤压过程受力状况为其节能降耗及优化设计提供一定的参考。根据环模制粒机制粒成形过程与机理的分析和对环模系统受力状况的研究,建立了环模扭矩力学模型,推导出最大物料挤压高度及最大环模扭矩的计算公式;以力学模型为基础,分析了泊松比、摩擦系数等物料特性及环模、压辊系统的结构参数对环模扭矩的影响规律。研究结果表明,物料特性对制粒能耗影响很大;在一定范围内减小模孔长径比、减小压辊直径有利于降低能耗;而采用大尺寸的环模与压辊不仅可以提高产量,同时还可以降低能耗。该研究对于降低环模制粒机的能耗具有重要意义,并可为相关的试验提供理论依据。     

Influence of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary treatments on mechanical properties of blue-stained Lodgepole Pine wood

Three concentrations （2.8%, 2.0%, 1.2%） of Ammoniacal Copper Quaternary （ACQ） was selected to treat Lodgepole pine wood for evaluating ACQ treatment on mechanical properties of blue-stained wood. The bending modules of elasticity （MOE）, modules of rupture （MOR）, toughness and shearing strength parallel to grain on tangential surface, are tested according to the criteria GB1927-1943-91. Non-treated sample were also tested according to the same procedure. The results showed that the three groups specimen impregnated by different concentrations of ACQ solution met the AWPA standard 2003 of America （UC4A 6.4g/cm^3）. There were significant difference of toughness between treated wood and non-treated wood （p=0.01）, but there were no statistically significant differences among three concentrations in terms of toughness, and toughness of treated wood was approximately 20% lower than non-treated. MOR, MOE as well as sheafing strength parallel to grain were found to be not significantly different between treated wood and non-treated one, and there were no statistically significant difference among three concentrations of ACQ too. Toughness, MOR, MOE and sheafing strength parallel to grain increased with decrease of concentration of ACQ, but they were hardly affected by ACQ preservatives.     

松华坝水源地不同植被土壤特性及水源涵养功能

根据松华坝水源地的实际情况,按不同植被类型选择了次生林地、人工林地、园地、耕地四种类型,共挖取36个典型剖面进行采样调查,分别对其进行土壤物理性质、有机质和贮水特性的测定。结果表明,次生林地的水源涵养功能最好,人工林地的最差;次生林转变为人工林、园地的植被变化过程是流域内水源涵养功能恶化的主因。     

大白菜受环境胁迫影响的研究进展

大白菜(Brassica rapa ssp.pekinensis)是中国种植面积较大的蔬菜作物之一,其不仅可以为人体补充维生素C和维生素E,对预防心血管疾病也有很大的帮助.大白菜在生长发育过程中受许多不利环境的影响,包括盐碱胁迫、水涝胁迫、重金属胁迫、温度胁迫等非生物胁迫,以及病虫害等生物胁迫.这些胁迫会引起大白菜发生...     

滴灌频次对化学脱叶棉花产量和品质影响机制的研究

为了明确脱叶效果较好且产量较高的滴灌频次,研究了不同滴灌频次对化学脱叶棉花土壤含水率、叶绿素荧光参数、脱叶效果及产量品质的影响。试验结果表明,滴灌频次7次（D7）处理为棉花生育后期提供较适宜的土壤含水量且有效调节20~40cm土层的土壤水分,调节化学脱叶棉花叶片荧光参数和产量,适当降低光合活性,促进棉花脱叶率与吐絮率增长,且降低挂枝率16.12%~24.95%,从而使产量增加7.61%~15.99%,同时纤维长度和纺织一致性分别增加了1.91%~3.87%、4.58%~14.72%。因此,滴灌频次为7次（D7）更适宜南疆化学脱叶的等行距机采棉种植。     

New alkamides from maca (Lepidium meyenii)

Maca (Lepidium meyenii) has been used as a food in Peru for thousands of years. More recently a wide array of commercial maca products have gained popularity as dietary supplements, with claims of anabolic and aphrodisiac effects, although the biologically active principles are not fully known. In an earlier chemical investigation, two new alkamides and a novel fatty acid, as well as the N-hydroxypyridine derivative, macaridine, were isolated from L. meyenii. Further examination has led to the isolation of five additional new alkamides, namely, N-benzyl-9-oxo-12Z-octadecenamide (1), N-benzyl-9-oxo-12Z,15Z-octadecadienamide (2), N-benzyl-13-oxo-9E,11E-octadecadienamide (3), N-benzyl-15Z-tetracosenamide (4), and N-(m-methoxybenzyl)hexadecanamide (5). Their structures were established by spectrometric and spectroscopic methods including ESI-HRMS, EI-MS, (1)H, (13)C, and 2D NMR, as well as (1)H-(15)N 2D HMBC experiments. In addition, the identity of N-benzyl-15Z-tetracosenamide (4) was confirmed by synthesis. These compounds have been found from only L. meyenii and could be used as markers for authentication and standardization.     

水土保持农业技术措施分类初探

为进一步完善我国水土保持农业技术措施的分类体系,并服务于研究与生产,在论述水土保持农业技术措施的概念、分类现状基础上,依据措施实施的方式、作用和目标,并结合农艺环节,将水土保持农业技术划分为以改变微地形为主的蓄水保墒技术、以提高土壤抗蚀力为主的保护性耕作技术和以增加植物覆盖为主的栽培技术3大类,等高耕作、沟垄种植、坑田、半旱式耕作、深耕翻、保墒、覆盖、深松、少耕、培肥土壤、合理配置作物、播种保苗、栽培13个亚类和等高耕作等44个型,以供参考.     

干旱胁迫对盆栽“川丹参1号”生理指标及主要活性成分含量的影响

采用聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）对盆栽“川丹参1号”（CDS-1）模拟长期干旱胁迫,研究干旱胁迫对其生长情况、生理指标及主要活性成分积累的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫显著降低CDS-1叶片中叶绿素含量,可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量随干旱程度增加呈上升趋势,干旱胁迫下丙二醛含量显著增加,抗氧化酶（SOD、POD和CAT）活性随干旱胁迫程度增加而增加。活性成分分析表明,干旱胁迫后CDS-1根中酚酸和丹参酮类含量均有所上升,迷迭香酸和丹酚酸A含量在PEG-6000浓度为150g/L时最高,分别为CK的145%和175%,丹参酮类含量在PEG-6000浓度为50g/L时最高,增幅超60%。CDS-1在干旱胁迫下表现出适应性变化,轻度和中度干旱胁迫（PEG-6000浓度为50~100g/L）有利于CDS-1中酚酸和丹参酮类活性成分的积累,在实际生产中可通过科学控水保证和提高丹参药材的品质。     

循环水养殖密度和氨氮对斜带石斑鱼生长和免疫力的影响

选取平均体重为146.3 g/尾的斜带石斑鱼450尾分成3个密度组进行饲养,分别为低密度组D1(100尾/m³,14.6 kg/m³)、中密度组D2(150尾/m³,21.7 kg/m³)和高密度组D3(200 尾/m³,29.5 kg/m³),比较不同养殖密度引起的水质变化对斜带石斑鱼的生长性能、摄食率和免疫力的影响。结果表明：水体中氨氮含量随斜带石斑鱼养殖密度的增加而增加(P<0.05);斜带石斑鱼的摄食率随水体中氨氮浓度的增加而显著下降(P<0.05)。随着养殖密度的增加,斜带石斑鱼的生长速度呈现负相关性,各试验组的特定生长率分别为1.07、0.66、0.47;各实验组斜带石斑鱼体重也出现显著性差异(P<0.05),各实验组的尾均增重量分别为118.5 g、63.3 g和44.1 g;养殖密度对斜带石斑鱼的饵料系数和成活率无显著影响(P>0.05);斜带石斑鱼的免疫指标血清溶菌酶(LZM)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)随养殖密度的增加而下降,随养殖时间的延长呈现出先上升后下降的趋势。阐明了养殖密度引起养殖水质状况的改变,继而影响斜带石斑鱼摄食率的变化,从而造成石斑鱼的生长性能出现显著性差异,可能是养殖密度对斜带石斑鱼生长性能影响的机制之一。