关于加快我国实验室生物安保发展的几点建议

近年来,随着对病原微生物和各种传染性疾病研究的深入,我国生物实验室数量越来越多,完善实验室生物安保体系对于保护科研人员和社会安全具有重大意义。本文首先明确了实验室生物安保和实验室生物安全的区别与联系,而后指出我国存在生物安保相关法规制度不完善,实验室实施环节生物安保能力较为薄弱等问题,并借鉴WHO和部分发达国家的生物安保法规以及实施现状,提出了完善制度法规,加强实验室实施环节能力建设,强化生物安保培训,加强风险评估认识等适合我国生物安保发展现状的相关建议,以期为完善我国生物安保体系,加快生物安保发展提供参考。     

LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling mediates alcohol-induced liver fibrosis in rats

Liver fibrosis results from liver inflammation and progresses to liver cirrhosis or liver cancer. It is known that nonalcoholic liver disease is mediated by the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2)–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate whether alcoholic liver disease is also mediated by this pathway. To this end, we first established rat models of liver fibrosis by administering alcohol. Next, the rats were injected with anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 antibodies. Real Time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used to detect the activation of the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Moreover, the expression of molecules related to liver fibrosis was estimated. The morphology of rat liver tissue was observed through hematoxylin–eosin staining and Masson staining. For in vitro studies, Kupffer cells (KCs) isolated from the liver were transfected with si-TLR4 and si-MD-2 and co-cultured with HSCs to determine the activity of HSCs. It was found that alcohol treatment activated the TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway and upregulated the molecules associated with liver fibrosis. However, inhibition of TLR4 and MD-2 partially reversed this trend. Notably, in vitro studies indicated that knockdown of TLR4 and MD-2 in KCs partially inhibited LPS-induced activation of KCs and HSCs. Overall, this study showed that alcohol induces liver fibrosis via the LPS-TLR4/MD-2–TNF-α signaling pathway.     

小麦品种慢叶锈抗病性的研究

1982—1984年在温室和田间对3个慢叶锈品种:中引305、中引515、中引709,2个快叶锈品种:无沙八号、纳罗的研究表明,小麦慢叶锈抗病品种具有8个抗病特性:(1)田间发病迟、普遍率增长缓慢,严重率低且发展速度慢;(2)潜伏期较长;(3)侵染频率较低;(4)夏孢子堆较小;(5)菌丝和夏孢子堆面积扩展速度慢;(6)产孢能力较弱;(7)对叶锈菌生理小种特异性不明显;(8)对产量影响不显著。慢叶锈抗病性随植株生长而增强,应用病害发展曲线下面积(AUDPC)的A值比侵染速率r值和冈珀茨方程的k值能更好地表达小麦品种的慢叶锈抗病性。利用温室测定苗期潜伏期、侵染频率和田间发病盛期旗叶的严重率指数可以作为小麦慢叶锈抗病品种的选育指标。     

睫毛婆婆纳

睫毛婆婆纳(Veronica hederaefoliaL inn.)又名常春藤叶婆婆纳,为玄参科婆婆纳属越年生或一年生草本植物。睫毛婆婆纳原产欧洲、西亚和北非等地中海沿岸国家,是当地极为重要的麦田杂草。上世纪80年代传入我国,在江苏南京和浙江定海有分布。本文在调查研究及查阅大量文献的基础上,归纳了外来杂草睫毛婆婆纳的形态特征、生活史、在我国的分布、可能扩散的区域、经济和生态影响、起源、引入路经、入侵途径、生境类型、营养和环境条件、预防、控制和管理措施等。     

5种干旱区野生观赏植物染色体数目及其核型分析

本文采取常规根尖压片法对 5种干旱区野生观赏植物进行了染色体数目统计 ,并对其中的 3种进行了核型分析。结果表明 :5种植物染色体均属于二倍体 ,其中白花枝子花(DracocephalumhererophyllumBenth .)、角蒿 (IncarvilleasinensisLam .)、金露梅 (PotentillafruticosaL .)有四倍体现象 ;3种植物染色体核型公式分别为白花枝子花 2n =1 2 =1 0m + 2st,角蒿 2n =2 2 =1 8m + 4sm ,北点地梅 (AndrosaceseptentrionalisL .) 2n =1 8=1 6m + 2sm ,均属于原始类型。本次试验旨在为研究物种多样性、建立干旱区野生观赏植物基因库、保护和繁育野生观赏植物等提供科学依据。     

德宏局辖区边境口岸10年监测实蝇的结果与分析

利用德宏边境口岸10年的实蝇监测数据,从实蝇种类、种群数量和结构动态变化方面分析实蝇发生发展情况。结果如下:(1)10年间德宏地区共监测鉴定出13种实蝇,其中种群数量最多的是桔小实蝇、瓜实蝇和南瓜实蝇;(2)3种主要实蝇10年来发生数量呈上升态势,2009年增速最快,1年监测到的实蝇占10年总量的28.1%;(3)桔小实蝇已经成为德宏地区最大的优势种群,到2009年,它在3种主要实蝇中已占79.0%的绝对多数,增速也最快。     

上海地区小菜蛾对几类农药的抗性

本文报道了上海地区小菜蛾对几种 (类 )农药的抗性及其发展情况。小菜蛾对使用的几种类型的农药均具有抗性 ,抗性的产生与生产中农药的使用情况有密切关系 ,抗性产生的速度与农药类型有关。生物源农药和昆虫生长调节剂类农药对人类和环境比较安全 ,在生产中较受欢迎 ,使用中也应当合理用药 ,避免或减缓害虫抗性的产生与发展     

Development of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid, sensitive and specific detection of a Campylobacter jejuni clone

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay is a simple, rapid and specific detection method and has been used for detection and identification of different Campylobacter species. In this study, we develop a LAMP assay specific for detection of a particular clone (clone SA) of Campylobacter jejuni, associated with the vast majority of recent sheep abortions in the U.S. Using a set of specific primers for C. jejuni IA3902 (a clone SA isolate) and genomic DNA or boiled cell extract as template, the target DNA was amplified at 63 °C for 50 min in a water bath. A positive reaction was identified visually as white precipitate or fluorescence under UV, and confirmed by gel electrophoresis. Detection limit of the assay was comparable to that of conventional PCR. The LAMP was shown to be specific for detection of clone SA when tested on a number of C. jejuni strains of different genetic backgrounds. Applicability of the LAMP assay for specific detection of clone SA was demonstrated in animal tissues experimentally infected with IA3902 or genetically diverse C. jejuni strains. Since clone SA is the predominant cause of sheep abortions in the U.S. and is a zoonotic pathogen, the LAMP assay may be a valuable detection tool in future epidemiological studies.     

在体外模拟瘤胃发酵条件下N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸稳定性的研究

通过两个试验,研究在体外模拟瘤胃发酵条件下N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸的降解率。试验1:N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在pH值6.5、温度为39℃的缓冲液中孵育9h,其降解率为3.3%。试验2:运用瘤胃体外发酵技术研究N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸不同添加量对pH值、氨态氮、微生物蛋白动态变化的影响。结果表明,添加0.4、0.6gN-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸发酵3～6h,均能够显著降低体系的pH值;添加0.6gN-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸发酵12h能够显著提高氨态氮的浓度;N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在发酵过程中不影响微生物蛋白产量。以上结果显示,N-乙酰-DL-蛋氨酸在体外模拟瘤胃发酵的条件下可以稳定存在。     

复合纤维素酶在奶牛饲料中的研究与应用

复合纤维素酶对于利用纤维素含量高的粗饲料有重要意义，本文对复合纤维素酶的作用，对反刍动物的生产性能，消化代谢的影响、以及在瘤胃中的稳定性，作用机理和使用方法及其存在的问题和发展前景等方面作一论述。