西瓜EST-SSR分子标记的筛选

利用国际共享获得的820条EST序列,自主设计出79对EST-SSR引物,其中有32对引物经过PCR扩增出稳定清晰的电泳条带,可以作为西瓜和相关物种的新的EST-SSR分子标记。     

设施蔬菜土传病害的综合调控及防治进展

简述了设施蔬菜土传病害日益严重的原因。在防治上可综合运用抗病品种、轮作倒茬、增施有机肥、栽培防病、土壤消毒等农业措施,结合生物防治或高效低毒杀菌剂进行综合调控。利用电处理技术是防治土传病害的一种新思路,并对生物土壤添加剂防病的前景进行了展望。     

检测肥育猪CAST蛋白的免疫印迹方法研究

为了研究3个不同蛋白质水平(10%、18%、26%)饲粮对肥育猪的钙蛋白抑制蛋白酶(CAST)的影响,对CAST蛋白提取、电泳、转膜等条件进行优化。试验表明:CAST被激活的条件是将蛋白提取液于上样缓冲液95℃煮15min后,立即在冰块上冷却,防止蛋白降解;采用分离胶浓度为10%进行电泳,可以明显检测到68kD、107 kD的CAST;采用预染Marker和DAB染色液可针对性地检测到目的蛋白的位置;利用上述程序检测到了猪CAST两种类型的表达,取得了较满意的结果。     

汕优63在不同海拔高度种植的生育特点及高产栽培技术

汕优６３是浙江省临安县单季杂交稻当家组合．由于受不同海拔高度温光条件限制，一般限于海拔４００米以下地区种植。在适栽范围，应针对不同海拔高度气温和生育期变化，采取相应栽培技术措施．才能兴利避害，获得丰收。     

5个重庆地方猪种遗传多样性的微卫星分析

目的通过微卫星标记评估8个安徽地方猪品种的遗传多样性。方法采用PCR和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对FAO-ISAG联合推荐的15个微卫星标记进行分型,并计算有效等位基因数 (N_e)、期望杂合度 (H_e)、多态信息含量 (PIC)、F统计量和遗传距离等参数,探讨品种间的遗传多样性和遗传关系。结果15个微卫星标记共检测到272个等位基因,平均有效等位基因数9.561 2个。8个品种的有效等位基因数在2.445 1~3.786 6之间,期望杂合度在0.532 0~0.714 8之间,多态信息含量在0.369 8~0.890 6之间。F统计量和基因流 (N_m) 分析表明：安徽地方猪品种间存在一定程度的近交和基因流动。基于Nei氏遗传距离 (D_s) 构建系统发生树显示：8个地方猪种可分为两类：一类为皖南花猪;另一类又聚为两小支,一小支为安庆六白猪、圩猪和霍寿黑猪,另一小支为皖北猪、皖南黑猪、枞阳黑猪和定远猪。结论8个安徽地方猪种遗传多样性丰富,群体内存在一定程度的近交和基因流动。结果为安徽地方猪种的保护和利用提供了理论依据。     

中药治疗胃食管反流病临床随机对照试验的中文文献评价

通过计算机检索中国生物医学文献数据库和中国学术期刊全文数据库（2003.1-2008.8）,对近年国内公开发表的中药治疗胃食管反流病的临床随机对照试验进行科学性评价,共纳入临床随机对照试验研究论文58篇。对样本含量、随机方法、盲法采用、组间基线可比性、诊断标准、纳入和排除标准、统计方法、疗效判定标准、不良反应、随访等项进行评价。结果表明,目前国内发表的中药治疗胃食管反流病随机对照临床研究的质量还有待提高。

     

鲁甸县核桃种质资源表型多样性调查初报

通过调查鲁甸核桃604株成年结果树的物候特征、植物学特性、坚果的经济性状及丰产性得出:鲁甸县核桃种质资源萌芽期为2月上旬至4月上旬,集中期为2月下旬到3月中旬,雌雄花开放期集中在3月中下旬至4月上旬,果实成熟期集中在9月至10月;植物学上,在叶形、枝条颜色、雌花柱头、子房颜色、雄花序长度、青果性状等方面存在多样性;鲁甸核桃每果枝坐果数为1~7,还有串串核桃的存在,丰产性好;在树形方面,表现为自然圆头形、自然开心形、自然分层形、自然圆锥形的多样性,核桃坚果的三径均值、出仁率、仁重、单果重、壳厚的变异系数分别为9.48%、13.46%、24.05%、25.46%、25.74%,多样性较丰富。     

Impact of manure application on forms and quantities of phosphorus in a Chinese Cambisol under different land use

Purpose

It is critical to understand the effect of manure application on the availability of phosphorus (P) and the potential environmental contamination by runoff and leaching. However, previous studies generally focused on cultivated soil layer in single cropping systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of manure application on soil P forms and quantities to the 200 cm depth in a Chinese alkaline Cambisol in different cropping systems and the potential environmental implications.

Materials and methods

The sampling site, Shunyi District, is located in the peri-urban area of Beijing in the North China Plain, where large quantities of manure generated from intensive animal operations have been applied to agricultural fields. A field survey was carried out before sampling to identify soil sampling sites with long-term manure application and an adjacent area receiving no manure used for the same crop production. Soil samples from three cropping systems (vegetables, cereals, and trees) were vertically collected to a depth of 200 cm with the following depth increments: 0–20, 20–60, 60–90, 90–120, 120–160 and 160–200 cm. Soil samples were analyzed for plant-available P (Olsen P) and various P fractions by sequential P fractionation. Degree of P saturation (DPS) was also determined.

Results and discussion

Soil calcium bound P was the most abundant P fraction, followed by the residual P. Organic P only accounted for less than 5 % of total P in most of the soils. Manure application increased the levels of inorganic P (Pi), with higher proportions of Pi in labile forms than stable forms. After manure application for 8–15 year, available P (Olsen P) and DPS values of the 0–20 cm layer in all sites exceeded the threshold for Olsen P (60 mg?kg^?1) and DPS (30 %) and the risk of P loss by runoff is expected to significantly increase. The DPS values were generally lower than 30 % below 20 cm, indicating a minimal risk of P loss via leaching from deeper soil.

Conclusions

The results indicated that in typical peri-urban areas of the North China Plain, the on-going practice of manure application not only increased the size of each of the labile and non-labile P pools, but also caused a shift in the relative sizes of the different pools, regardless of the cropping systems. However, contrary to what was expected, soil P loss through surface runoff would be a greater concern than leaching following long-term manure amendment.     

日光温室嫁接番茄生长特性及抗病性研究

近年来，由于设施蔬菜生产的高复加值，使得连作障碍严重，土传病害广泛蔓延。有关嫁接栽培早结果、丰产、增强植株抗性等报道较多。但嫁接对番茄生长特性及抗病性影响的研究报道较少。本试验旨在选择早产、高产、抗病性砧木，为设施蔬菜无公害生产提供科学的理论依据和指导方向。