娄底市休闲农业产业升级的途径与建议

指出了当今社会发展迅速,生活节奏加快,给都市人群带来了身体和精神上的双重压力,对于田园生活的渴求日益迫切。在这种情况下,休闲农业这个巨大的商机涌现了,这个新型产业不但有广大的市场支撑,而且也不缺相关的政策支持。但只有不断进行产业升级,完善产业升级的动力机制,制定合理完整的政策保障,才能取得长足发展。为此,提出了娄底市休闲农业产业升级的途径与建议,以供参考。     

国外生物乙醇燃料生产现状和发展趋势分析

生物乙醇燃料作为清洁环保的可再生能源,正逐步受到越来越多国家的重视和积极扶持.本文介绍了生物乙醇燃料的定义及其生产原料;重点阐述了美国、巴西、欧盟等世界主要生产国家和地区的生物乙醇燃料的生产现状,以及各国政府发展生物燃料的扶持政策;并在此基础上,分析了未来生物乙醇燃料的发展趋势.     

杂种樱桃(P. avium×P. pseudocerasus) 叶片离体再生体系的建立

以先锋与对樱桃的种间杂交种F8的组培苗为试材进行离体再生,研究建立了F8叶片再生体系,以WPM为基本培养基,附加6-BA及IAA的培养基芽再生效果最好,在1~7 mg/L 6-BA、0.5~3.0 mg/L IAA的浓度组合中,离体叶片均可以再生。其中3.0 mg/L 6-BA 2.0 mg/L IAA组合叶片离体再生效果最好,再生频率可达90%,叶片平均再生芽数可达5.22个。     

木麻黄青枯病抗性鉴定方法比较及抗病种质筛选

【目的】筛选出简便、准确、可靠的木麻黄(Casuarinaceae)青枯病抗性鉴定方法,对我国现有的木麻黄种质资源开展抗病性鉴定与评价,筛选出优良抗病无性系。【方法】在木麻黄抗病品系筛选技术基础上,参考番茄Lycopersicon esculentum、烟草Nicotiana及桉树Eucalyptus等植物青枯病抗性鉴定方法,设计8种木麻黄青枯菌人工接种方法,系统探讨水培生根苗、嫩枝、绿梗小枝、褐梗小枝、青枯菌粗毒素及盆栽小苗伤根接种、盆栽小苗无伤接种等接种方法对木麻黄青枯病抗性鉴定的影响。【结果】不同无性系利用盆栽幼苗伤根接种法接种后的死亡率介于25.79%~83.06%,无性系K18、A14与G1、30差异极显著(P0.05);不同无性系用褐梗小枝室内水培接种的病情指数介于2.16~69.48,无性系K18、A14与G1、30差异极显著(P0.05)。这2种接种方法能够有效区分木麻黄抗、感无性系,且呈极显著正相关(r=0.856 5)。不同无性系在盆栽幼苗不伤根接种及水培生根小苗、嫩枝室内水培接种中抗病性差异不显著(P0.05),不能有效区分抗、感无性系。绿梗小枝接种后症状变化小,不易分级,容易出现观测误差;青枯菌粗毒素接种存在浓度难以控制等问题。利用褐梗小枝室内水培接种法,对53份木麻黄育种材料进行抗性评价,筛选出X1、30、杂交、G1等12份高抗材料。【结论】盆栽幼苗伤根接种及褐梗小枝室内水培接种方法是木麻黄青枯病抗性鉴定的较好方法,文中其他接种方法不是木麻黄青枯病抗性鉴定的优选方法。     

在猪组织笼内恩诺沙星对大肠杆菌的药效研究

为了合理应用恩诺沙星治疗猪大肠杆菌感染,采用猪体内安装组织笼的方法,研究感染组织笼用药后,组织笼内大肠杆菌数量的变化。结果表明,恩诺沙星在不同大小的组织笼内的药动学特征不同,在小组织笼内的半衰期明显大于在大组织笼内的半衰期,在相同大小的组织笼内随着药物浓度的增加半衰期表现为增长。感染笼注射恩诺沙星前后细菌的生长繁殖情况亦有不同,在大组织笼和小组织笼内,无药对照笼内的细菌在试验的过程中细菌的数量均基本上保持恒定,大组织笼内注入2MIC的恩诺沙星后,细菌在被抑制9 h后,出现再生长现象,而在小组织笼内细菌在被抑制12 h后,出现再生长现象。注入5MIC或8MIC的恩诺沙星后,大小组织笼内的5MIC和8MIC的细菌杀菌曲线几乎重合,并都在24 h后,在组织笼内检测不到细菌。细菌在接触药物的早期阶段下降最为迅速。通过分析认为,如果药物在体内消除慢,可以适当减少抗菌药物的用量。     

Effect of excess degradable intake protein on early embryonic development, ovarian steroids, and blood urea nitrogen on days 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the estrous cycle in mature ewes

Two trials were conducted to determine whether feeding excess degradable intake protein (DIP) during a synchronized estrous cycle and the first 5 d after breeding alters early embryonic development, ovarian steroids, or BUN concentrations in ewes. Ewes were group-fed in Trial 1 (T1) and individually fed in Trial 2 (T2) either 100 (control; T1, n = 15; T2, n = 12) or 200% (high-protein; T1, n = 16; T2, n = 12) of the NRC protein recommendation for maintenance during a synchronized estrous cycle until surgery in the next cycle. Ampullae (AMP), isthmi (IST), and uterine horns (UT) of high-protein and control ewes were removed on d 2 (T1), 3 (T2), 4 (T1), or 5 (T2) after breeding. In T1, jugular blood samples were taken once daily starting on d 2 of the synchronized cycle, and in T2 on d 2, 9, 15, 16, and 17, and in both trials from estrus (d 0) to the day of surgery. Ampullae, IST, and UT flushings were examined microscopically for the presence of embryos, embryo condition, and embryo cell number. There was no trial x treatment interaction (P > or = 0.10), so data for both trials were pooled. Concentrations of BUN were higher (P < 0.05) in high-protein-fed ewes than in control ewes during the synchronized cycle and the first 5 d of the next cycle. Progesterone concentrations of the synchronized cycle did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. During the first 5 d of the next cycle, estradiol-17beta concentrations were lower (P = 0.06) in high-protein-fed than in control ewes. Progesterone increased (P < 0.05) to higher concentrations by d 5 in high-protein-fed ewes than in control ewes. More (P < 0.05) embryos were found in AMP of high-protein-fed ewes than in AMP of control ewes on d 4. Fewer (P = 0.05) embryos were found in UT of high-protein-fed ewes than in UT of control ewes on d 4. More embryos were found in UT of high-protein-fed ewes than in UT of control ewes on d 5. Fewer (P = 0.05) embryos were found in IST of high-protein ewes than in the IST of control ewes on d 5. Embryos of high-protein-fed ewes had more (P < 0.05) cells than embryos from control fed ewes on d 5. Feeding ewes excess DIP protein during an estrous cycle and the first 5 d after breeding initially impeded embryo transport; thereafter, embryo transport and development through the oviduct was accelerated.     

母猪批次化生产研发进展

批次化生产是欧美等畜牧业发达国家开发的一种工厂化养猪模式,近年来我国也在逐渐推广应用,它显著提升了猪场生产效率与生物安全,尤其对当前我国非洲猪瘟防控和生猪产能恢复具有重要意义.文章简述了母猪批次化生产的研发历史,并综述了其技术优势、关键技术以及我国目前研发、应用情况,以期提高我国母猪批次化生产水平,促进养猪业转型升级.     

3株木霉(Trichoderma spp.)对华山松疱锈病菌锈孢子的破坏作用

从不同来源的茶藨生柱锈锈孢子堆和疱锈病枝干上分离获得3株木霉,室内生测结果表明,3株木霉的菌丝和培养滤液对锈孢子壁有较强的破坏作用;菌株TR2和TR3在锈孢子堆上生长速度快,锈孢子死亡率随孢子壁破坏率的增加而升高,锈孢子壁对孢壁降解酶有强烈诱导作用;TR1对锈孢子壁的破坏作用弱于TR2和TR3,但在PD培养液中有较强的产毒能力,锈孢子壁能抑制TR1菌株产毒。     

Potassium accumulation,partitioning, and remobilization in high-yield spring maize in Northeast China

Potassium (K) plays an important role in maize yield, but K accumulation characteristics in high yielding maize is still not well documented. A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the K accumulation characteristics of high yield (HY)（>15 t ha^?1）spring maize compared with medium yield (MY)（10–15 t ha^?1), and low yield (LY)（<10 t ha^?1). The maximum K accumulation stage in maize appeared between V6 and V12 stage (LY, MY, and HY was 125.46, 138.05, and 146.22?kg ha^?1, respectively). Most of the K (94.27–97.13%) was accumulated during vegetative stages. HY exhibited a significantly higher K accumulation than either MY or LY. For different organs, the K remobilization amount of leaf was the highest, and the remobilization amount of stalk was the lowest, the K remobilization amount of leaf and stalk showed as HY?<?MY?<?LY, same as the total K remobilization amount, but the K remobilization amount of sheath and husk plus cob showed the opposite order. These results indicated that sufficient nutrient supply for maize can not only accumulate more K but also delay leaf senescence and maintain high photosynthetic activity, resulting in reduced K remobilization from vegetative organs, and reduced K loss in whole plant.     

读者需求驱动的“五位一体”高校图书馆文献资源建设模式研究

为使图书馆文献资源建设更好的满足读者,提高读者使用资源的效率与满意度,通过文献调研法和问卷调查法对高校图书馆文献资源建设现状和读者需求情况进行调研分析,在此基础上构建出读者需求驱动的以OPAC查询、多渠道荐购、实体书店和电子资源4种渠道为主、文献传递和学科服务团队服务为辅的“五位一体”高校图书馆文献资源建设模式。总结模式的特点并辅以模式执行一段时间的数据统计。该模式五个环节应读者需求而生、为读者需求而动,互为补充,相互协调,系统地、全方位地满足了读者需求,并从该模式出发进一步探究高校图书馆文献资源建设未来发展方向。