普通小麦、簇毛麦及其双二倍体的酯酶同工酶分析

本文分析了六倍体普通小麦农大146、簇毛麦及其杂种和双二倍体的全展旗叶及种子的酯酶同工酶酶谱,结果表明:子代与其双亲有密切的亲缘关系,形成了偏母互补型;子代双单倍体 (2n=28) 和双二倍体 (2n=56) 旗叶酯酶同工酶酶谱有相当的一致性;不同发育阶段、不同组织器官酯酶同工酶基因表达不同。     

苹果的介电特性与新鲜度的关系研究

采用平板电极，用破坏性方法研究了金帅苹果切片组织的介电特性与新鲜度的关系，结果表明：在１００Ｈｚ～１００ｋＨｚ的测试频段内，苹果的储藏时间越长，其果肉组织的阻抗值越大，相对介电常数和介质损耗因数越小；其中在１０～１００ｋＨｚ的频率范围内，苹果的介电特性与新鲜度具有明显的相关性。     

A Novel Pretreatment Method of Lignocellulosic Material as Adsorbent and Kinetic Study of Dye Waste Adsorption

Sulphuric acid-modified bagasse has been used as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. In order to remove organic compounds that contribute to chemical oxygen demand (COD), pretreatment with thorough washing of adsorbent using boiling distilled water was performed instead of conventional washing using distilled water at room temperature only. This has resulted in the highest efficiency of color removal of 99.45% and COD reduction of 99.36% for MB dye solution at pH 9. Effects of initial pH, dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, temperature, and contact time have been studied. The adsorption of MB dye was pH dependent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were tested on the adsorption data. The kinetic experimental data were analyzed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and the intraparticle diffusion model in order to examine the adsorption mechanisms. The adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm as well as the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The process was found to be endothermic in nature.     

A protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B activity inhibitor from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Karst and its hypoglycemic potency on streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic mice

Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) activity has been considered to be a promising therapy approach to treat type 2 diabetes. In this work, a novel PTP1B activity inhibitor, named FYGL (Fudan-Yueyang-G. lucidum), was screened from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum and showed an efficient PTP1B inhibitory potency with IC?? = 5.12 ± 0.05 μg/mL. FYGL is a water-soluble macromolecular proteoglycan with a protein to polysaccharide ratio of 17:77 and a viscosity-average molecular weight (M(η)) of 2.6 × 10?. The type 2 diabetic mice treated orally by FYGL showed an obvious decrease in plasma glucose level compared with the diabetic controls without drug treatment, comparable with that of diabetic mice treated with metformin, a clinical drug. The toxicity of FYGL is very low. The results indicate that FYGL may serve as a drug candidate or a health-care food for diabetic therapy or protection.     

5种狼尾草属观赏草光合特性研究

为了解东方狼尾草(Pennisetum orientale)、绒毛狼尾草(P. setaceum)、‘小兔子’狼尾草(P. alopecuroide‘s Little Bunny’)、羽绒狼尾草(P. villosum)和‘紫光’狼尾草(P. alopecuroide‘s Ziguang’)5种观赏草光合特性,为引种驯化、园林应用提供理论依据,采用Li-6400便携式光合分析仪测定其光合特性指标。结果表明：5种狼尾草光合日进程均呈单峰型,无“午休”现象,‘紫光’狼尾草净光合速率和蒸腾速率在11∶30达最大值29.5μmolCO2/(m²·s)、5.94 mmolH2O/(m²·s),为5种狼尾草中的最高;东方狼尾草光补偿点最高为58.70μmol/(m²·s),绒毛狼尾草、‘小兔子’狼尾草、羽绒狼尾草相近,‘紫光’狼尾草最低为32.41μmol/(m·2 s);羽绒狼尾草光饱和点最高为2563.6μmol/(m·2 s),东方狼尾草最低为1615.4μmol/(m·2 s);5种狼尾草表观量子效率与耐荫植物接近,在0.059~0.061之间,其光能利用效率和水分利用效率均较高,表明5种狼尾草均为耐荫的阳性节水园林植物。     

2,4-滴丁酯抗性细菌球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus sphaericus)的分离鉴定及生长特性研究

从生产2,4-滴丁酯的农药厂排污口采集污泥样品,驯化分离得到1株能够以2,4-滴丁酯为唯一碳源和能源生长的细菌T2,T2最高耐受2,4-滴丁酯浓度为200mmol/L.根据其形态特征、生理生化特性、16S rRNAm序列分析,初步鉴定T2为球形赖氨酸芽孢杆菌(Lysinibacillus sphaericus).采用正交试验优化得到T2最适生长条件为:接种量5％,培养基初始pH值为7,培养基装液量为50mL/250mL,培养温度30℃.     

长江中下游地区不同避涝作物种植模式对农田温室气体排放的影响

通过田间原位试验,研究长江中下游地区不同避涝作物种植模式对农田温室气体排放的影响,为该地区低碳作物种植模式的选择提供依据。利用静态箱法研究水稻-小麦(WRR)、黄心乌-茭白(WZR)、黄心乌-毛豆-荸荠(WECR)、水芹-芹芽-水稻(CCRR)和莲藕(LR)种植模式下农田的N₂O、CO₂和CH₄等温室气体的排放规律。结果表明：N₂O、CO₂和CH₄的排放具有明显的季节性,CO₂排放呈现夏季＞秋季＞春季＞冬季,CH₄和N₂O排放呈现夏季＞秋季;WECR、WRR和CCRR种植模式土壤CO₂排放量差异不显著,但都显著高于WZR,LR模式;WRR、CCRR和LR种植模式土壤N₂O排放量极显著高于WZR和WECR模式;LR极显著高于CCRR种植模式土壤CH₄排放量,而WZR、WECR和WRR极显著低于LR和CCRR。不同种植模式综合温室效应大小WRR＞CCRR＞WECR＞LR＞WZR,可见黄心乌-茭白模式综合温室效应最低,是长江中下游易涝区域低碳农业的较佳生产模式。     

不同秧龄对双季机插晚稻生长特性与产量形成的影响

为解决长江中下游地区双季机插晚稻移栽秧龄过长的问题,选取温光特性及熟期各不相同的4个代表性品种为材料,研究不同秧龄移栽对双季晚稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明,随着移栽秧龄的增大,感温性水稻穂、成熟期均明显推迟,而感光型水稻生育期受影响较小;感温性迟熟品种25 天、30 天移栽产量显著下降,而感温性中早熟及感光性迟熟品种至30 天移栽产量才发生显著下降。最佳移栽秧龄为感温性晚稻15 天左右,感光性晚稻20 天左右。感温性品种作双季晚稻种植时应选用中早熟品种,而感光性品种可选用高产的中迟熟品种。     

Impact of epistasis and QTL × environmental interaction on the oil filling rate of soybean seed at different developmental stages

The oil accumulation in the developing soybean seed has been shown to be a dynamic process with different rates and activities at different phases affected by both genotype and environment. The objective of the present study was to investigate additive, epistatic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) × environment interaction (QE) effects of the QTL controlling oil filling rate in soybean seed. A total of 143 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross of Charleston and Dongnong 594 were used in this study to obtain 2 years of field data (2004 and 2005). A total of 26 QTL with significantly unconditional and conditional additive (a) effect and/or additive × environment interaction (ae) effect at different filling stages were identified on 14 linkage groups. Among the QTL with significant a effects, 18 QTL showed positive effects and 6 QTL had negative effects on seed filling rate of oil content during seed development. A total of 29 epistatic pairwise QTL underlying seed filling rate were identified at different filling stages. About 28 pairs of the QTL showed additive × additive epistatic (aa) effects and 14 pairs of the QTL showed aa × environment interaction (aae) effects at different filling stages. QTL with aa and aae (additive × additive × environment) effects appeared to vary at different filling stages. Our results demonstrated that oil filling rate in soybean seed were under genetic, developmental and environmental control.     

魔芋属植物花器生物学特性及其可交配性的研究

为了研究魔芋花器的主要生物学特性及其种间可交配性,以花魔芋、白魔芋、珠芽魔芋、西盟魔芋、勐海魔芋为材料,观察记录花芽发育过程的主要生物学性状,用光学显微镜观察花粉形态特征,采用离体萌发法检测花粉活力,通过人工授粉鉴定其交配性。结果表明：5种魔芋花器形态、色泽差异大,种内也有不同的变异,花魔芋与珠芽魔芋佛焰苞漏斗状,其余为舟状,其中花魔芋花器较大;光学显微镜下花粉粒形态不同;除珠芽魔芋外,其余4种魔芋种内异株杂交都表现出高度的亲和性,而种间正反交有差异,部分组合不亲和,以白魔芋为母本具有广亲和性。因此,白魔芋可作为魔芋亚种间基因交流的桥梁亲本。