Z-ligustilide isolated from Radix Angelicae sinensis ameliorates the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice

We investigated the effect of Z-ligustilide (LIG) on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in ICR mice. LIG (2.5–40 mg/kg) or tacrine (10 mg/kg) was orally administrated for 26 days. Behavior was examined in the Morris water maze and Y-maze after scopolamine administration (2 mg/kg, i.p.). The central acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities were assessed spectrophotometrically. LIG significantly improved spatial long-term memory and short-term memory impairment, inhibited AChE activity and increased ChAT activity. Moreover, LIG and tacrine showed the comparable efficacy in both neurobehavioral and cholinergic evaluation. These data suggest that LIG may alleviate memory deficits probably via enhancing cholinergic function.     

生态公益林补偿标准确定的问题、方法与建议

生态公益林补偿是生态公益林建设的一项重要内容,如何合理有效地确立生态公益林补偿标准,是解决区域经济发展与生态环境保护矛盾关键。笔者在查阅文献的基础上,概括了我国现有生态补偿标准现状以及存在的主要问题,并对生态公益林补偿标准确定的影响因素和主要方法进行了总结和阐述,最后对如何完善生态补偿标准确定提出几点建议。     

设施杏树生长发育规律的研究

本试验以金太阳和骆驼黄杏为试材,对设施栽培杏树果实与新梢生长发育和花芽分化进程进行了研究。结果表明：设施中的两个杏品种,不论是正常区还是高温区,果实的纵横径生长都呈“双S”生长曲线,但是高温区的果实纵横径的生长量高于常温区。设施条件下金太阳杏树的新梢生长的快速生长出现次数没有改变,与露地杏树相同均为三次,但生长速率大,维持时间长,出现的时间也与露地不同。设施杏树果实与新梢之间在生长时间上存在有交替现象。设施内金太阳杏的花芽形态分化进程从5月20日开始到10月下旬结束。     

石灰性母质对土壤腐殖质组成和性质的影响

本文研究了采自泰安、南京、昆明3地在相近植被类型下的石灰性土壤和非石灰性土壤的腐殖质组成和胡敏酸的结构特征。结果表明,和同一地区的非石灰性土壤相比,石灰性土壤不但胡敏酸/富里酸比值恒较高,活性胡敏酸的相对含量显著较低,且其胡敏酸的芳化度和羧基含量较高,全氮及酰胺态氮的含量较低。看来,土壤呈微碱性反应不仅有利于有机物质腐解过程的进行,而且有利于游离基的形成,从而有利于酚类物质相互之间以及酚类物质与含氮化合物之间的缩聚反应和腐殖酸的脱胺作用的进行。     

Purification of fusaproliferin from cultures of Fusarium subglutinans by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography

Thirty-six Fusarium strains were grown on cracked yellow corn and evaluated for optimum fusaproliferin production, with Fusarium subglutinans E-1583 producing the highest levels (1600 microg/g). Three solvent systems were tested for extracting fusaproliferin from the cultures of F. subglutinans E-1583. Methanol gave the highest fusaproliferin recovery, followed by methanol/1% aqueous NaCl (55:45, v/v) and acetonitrile/methanol/H(2)O (16:3:1, v/v/v). Hexane partitioning was effective in removing many impurities from the crude fusaproliferin extracts prior to the liquid chromatography step. Fusaproliferin samples were further purified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a C18 preparatory column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile/H(2)O (80:20, v/v). The purity of the fusaproliferin was verified by analytical HPLC, GC/MS, (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization (ESI) MS. The isolated fusaproliferin was shown to be free of impurities and can be used as a standard for routine analysis. Fusaproliferin was shown to be temperature-sensitive when samples were stored at room temperature (20-24 degrees C) for more than several days. After 30 days at 4 degrees C, approximately 8% of the fusaproliferin had been transformed to deacetyl-fusaproliferin; however, samples stored at -20 degrees C for 1 year contained only trace amounts of the deacetylated form.     

外源稀土元素对花生增产效应的机理研究

通过砂培和田间小区试验以及电子显微技术,研究了外源稀土对花生的增产机理。结果表明,适宜浓度稀土浸种花生不仅提高了叶绿素含量和光合强度,而且还促进了叶细胞叶绿体的生长发育,使叶绿体结构完整、排列整齐,基粒片层数增多,紧密度高,从而有利于光能的吸收和转化,提高荚果产量。浸种花生各器官中稀土元素分布为:根叶茎果壳果仁;总吸收量为:叶根果壳果仁。     

关于我国养猪环境工程发展的几个认识问题

根据我国人口多、土地少的基本国情,我国养猪环境工程的发展,不能照搬外国经验,而应走自己的道路。作者认为:以高投入、高能耗为特点的全封闭,高密度养猪方式不符合我国国情;强调城市猪肉生产自给对城市环境具有潜在的危险性;走农牧结合之路,充分利用猪适应环境的本能就是我国养猪环境工程发展的主要方向。任何时候衡量养猪生产水平的指标只能是猪的生产效率,即母猪的产仔率、仔猪成活率、日增重、饲料转化率、发病率与死亡率等,而不应是机械化程度或劳动生产率。     

植物物料的化学组成和腐解条件对新形成腐殖质的影响

植物物料的某些化学组成分与其腐解产物很相似,迄今还没有一种方法能够把两者清楚地分别开来。这为腐解过程的研究带来了很多困难。例如,已经证明,用碱液作为提取剂时,进入溶液的不仅有腐殖物质,而且也有植物物质^[8],因而所得到的样品不具有很好的代表性;另一方面,由于不能将植物物料与其腐解产物加以区分,甚至连单位重量的植物物料分解一定时期后生成了多少腐殖物质也不能较准确地知道,直到现今,人们仍不得不以残留碳量来作为估量不同植物物料对土壤有机质含量贡献大小的指标。     

The effect of farming practices on reducing excess nitrogen fertilizer use

A nitrogen balance model is used to investigate the adoption of a crop rotation and the limitation on the application of nitrogen fertilizer to reduce excess nitrogen. For a farmer initially planting corn continuously, the adoption of a soybeans-corn rotation will have a smaller compliance cost but it will not eliminate the excess application of nitrogen fertilizer under a relatively low nitrogen fertilizer to corn price ratio. An explicit limitation on nitrogen fertilizer use would be needed to achieve this objective. Limiting nitrogen fertilizer use on cropland susceptible to a high potential for leaching will have a smaller compliance cost than on cropland with a moderate potential for leaching.     

再生稻根干物质量及根系活力与产量的相关性研究

对不同施N水平、不同品种再生稻根干物质量及根系活力与产量的相关性研究结果表明 ,再生稻头季稻产量与根系干物质量及根系活力密切相关 ;再生稻再生分蘖的生长发育依赖于头季稻残留的根系 ,再生季稻穗数及产量与头季稻成熟期和再生季稻齐穗期的根系机能呈极显著线性正相关 ,并与芽肥施用量呈抛物线形相关