狼山鸡高、低近交组卵巢组织转录组差异分析

为了探究近交对繁殖效应的影响,本研究以国家级地方鸡种基因库保存的狼山鸡为素材,结合分子标记和系谱信息,组建高、低近交两个试验组,记录高、低近交组的繁殖性能数据。选取高、低近交组中正常个体各3只,采取卵巢组织进行RNA-seq测序,并对差异基因进行功能注释。结果在高、低近交组中共获得差异转录本1 114个,其中783个基因获得注释,307个上调,476个下调。GO和KEGG分析表明,差异基因主要富集在核糖体的生物合成、炎性反应、繁殖、生长、免疫系统过程、代谢过程等生物学过程,Pathway显著富集在叶酸的生物合成、卵母细胞成熟和代谢等生物学通路。功能分析发现,筛选出的差异基因（如GGH、CPEB1、GNMT和PIWIL等）与繁殖功能相关。此外,还包括一些与应激和免疫相关的基因（如APOC3、HSP70、CD38和LGMN等）。研究结果有助于了解狼山鸡繁殖性状近交衰退相关的基因及其调控机制,为家禽特定性状近交衰退分子机理提供参考。     

浅析发酵乳霉菌零星污染来源及控制方法

霉菌在自然环境中普遍存在,而且以孢子形态随空气、水等媒介进行扩散。对食品原辅料及生产环境均可造成污染,是造成发酵乳变质的主要原因。发酵乳作为保质期较短且需冷链储运、销售的产品,零星的霉菌污染不会引起食品安全问题,但由于部分销售终端及三四线市场冷链运输缺失,造成霉菌生长,发酵乳呈现明显霉斑,导致消费者体验差,给企业品牌造成极坏影响,也影响了食品安全。本文概述了发酵乳中来自原辅料、环境、水中霉菌零星污染来源、验证方法以及相应控制措施,以期为发酵乳中霉菌控制提供参考。     

Betaine Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Hepatic and Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Broilers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine (BET) on growth performance, redox state, and related gene expression in broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 144 21-day-old male broiler chickens with similar body weights were assigned randomly to three treatments with six replicates (eight chickens per replicate cage). Broilers in the control (CON) group were kept at thermoneutral (TN, 22±1°C) conditions and fed a basal diet until they were 42 days of age. Broilers in the other two groups (defined as HS and HS + BET) were exposed to HS (34±1°C, 8 h/day) and fed the basal diet without or with 1000 mg/kg BET, respectively. Rectal and cockscomb temperature of broilers was increased (P<0.05) in HS and HS + BET groups compared with the CON group, whereas there was no difference between HS and HS + BET groups. Dietary BET supplementation restored (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers and reversed (P<0.05) the increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissue of broilers under HS. The HS + BET group had higher (P<0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver tissue and mitochondria than the HS group, and the same pattern was observed for glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the liver tissue. The decreased mRNA levels of GPX1 and uncoupling protein (UCP) in the liver induced by HS were restored by BET supplementation. In conclusion, dietary BET supplementation can alleviate HS-induced hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative damage of broilers by regulating mRNA expressions of GPX1 and UCP.     

Association between weight change during initial chemotherapy and clinical outcome in dogs with multicentric lymphoma

The majority of the known prognostic factors in dogs with lymphoma have been evaluated before treatment commences or at the time of diagnosis. Prognostic factors evaluated during the initial phase of treatment are less described but may provide important clinical information. In this retrospective study, 82 canine lymphoma patients were categorized according to the weight change between diagnosis and after 5 weeks of chemotherapy. Dogs that gained greater than 5% or lost greater than 5% of initial body weight were categorized as increased‐ or decreased‐weight groups, respectively. Those in which weight changed less than 5% were categorized as the maintained‐weight group. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 226, 256 and 129 days, respectively. The decreased‐weight group had significantly shorter PFS than the increased and maintained groups (P = .023, P = .003, respectively). The median survival time (ST) in the increased‐weight group, maintained‐weight group and decreased‐weight group was 320, 339 and 222 days, respectively. There was no significant difference in ST among the three groups (P = .128). In Cox‐regression results, weight change group and initial body weight were significant risk factors associated to PFS (P = .007, P = .001, respectively) while only patient's initial body weight was a significant risk factor to ST (P = .013). In conclusion, evaluation of initial body weight and weight changes over time can provide valuable information regarding PFS and ST in dogs with multicentric lymphoma.     

阿勒泰羊Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变与其尾脂沉积能力关联性分析

Fsp27基因在动物脂肪代谢过程中发挥着重要的调控作用。为了研究Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变与绵羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性,以尾脂沉积能力极强的脂尾(臀)型绵羊品种阿勒泰羊(Ovis aries)为研究对象,采用PCR-SSCP及测序技术研究了该SNP位点不同基因型在阿勒泰羊群体中的分布,并通过比较不同基因型个体尾形数据的差异,评估其与阿勒泰羊尾脂沉积能力的关联性。结果表明,在阿勒泰羊群体中Fsp27基因5'UTR区g.16767667位点G>A突变可以检测到GG、AG和AA三种基因型,基因型频率分别47.2%、38.4%和14.4%;卡方检验结果表明该位点在阿勒泰羊群体中处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05)。通过250只不同基因型阿勒泰羊尾形数据对比发现,GG和AG基因型个体脂尾(臀)的长、宽和厚3项数据均显著高于AA基因型个体(P<0.05),GG基因型个体亦略高于AG基因型个体,但差异不显著(P>0.05),推断G等位基因有利于阿勒泰羊尾脂沉积。     

浅谈非洲猪瘟生物安全防控策略

非洲猪瘟是猪的一种急性、烈性传染病,一旦发病,致死率达100%,会给整个养猪业和社会经济造成巨大损失,目前尚没有效疫苗和特效治疗药物,因此非洲猪瘟的生物安全防控对于预防该病的发生具有重要意义。文章从非洲猪瘟的病原学特点流行现状、诊断方法、疫苗研制和生物安全防控要点等几方面进行叙述,旨在为该病的生物安全防控提供一定的理论参考价值。     

猪场生物安全体系中十个通道的设计应用

2018年8月开始,非洲猪瘟在我国快速多点发生,该病是高度接触性传染性疾病,目前无有效的疫苗和药物控制,各大公司和养殖户开始了猪场生物安全体系的升级改造。两年后我国大部分猪场的成功复产,全国生猪出栏量的大幅提升,证明了生物安全措施巨大效力;同时在严格的生物安全措施下创新了精准剔除、快速复产等操作,进一步证明了生物安全措施的有效作用。文章主要介绍猪场生物安全体系中入口(大门)和出口(后门)最为关键防线处的通道设计,方便所有的生物安全操作能够高效落实,切断病原轻易进出猪场的途径。     

断奶仔猪日粮高剂量氧化锌的替代技术研究进展

氧化锌是断奶仔猪阶段饲料中防止腹泻的常用饲料添加剂,但是它的使用会造成环境污染。农业农村部也逐渐开始对氧化锌在养猪生产中的使用加以限制。此次研究从氧化锌的抗腹泻机理、不同的锌源和改变氧化锌的生物活性、氧化锌来源、植物乳杆菌、植物精油、水解单宁(HT)和氧化锌联合使用、猪免疫球蛋白G(pplgG)等方面进行综述,探讨其替代思路,以期为断奶仔猪高剂量氧化锌替代提供参考。     

部分地区猪细环病毒1型感染的流行情况调查

猪细环病毒1型是近年来发现的又一种环状DNA病毒,可能存在潜在致病作用。为了初步了解其流行情况,用PCR技术和ELISA技术对来自京津冀、华东与华南地区578头保育猪血清样品进行了检测。结果显示,猪细环病毒1型的核酸与抗体的猪场阳性率均为100%;核酸阳性率为73.88%,抗体阳性率为78.72%,二者之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。进一步分析发现,猪细环病毒1型的核酸阳性率和抗体阳性率都超过50%的猪场达到86.67%,都超过80%的占53.33%。调查结果表明,猪细环病毒1型感染在我国部分地区普遍流行,其在多数猪场的感染率很高。     

猪丹毒

猪丹毒又称“红热病” “打火印”或“钻石皮肤病”,是一种急性的、热性的传染病,引起该病的病原为红斑丹毒丝菌,可以通过伤口感染人,也是一种人兽共患病。患病猪的临床表现形式大致可分为3种类型,即急性、亚急性和慢性型。急性型病例主要的表现为出现明显的败血症症状。亚急性型病例则是在四肢、胸腹部、背部等皮肤处出现红色菱形、方形或圆形疹块。慢性型则多以出现关节炎和心内膜炎引起的关节肿胀、运动障碍和心跳加速、呼吸急促为主的临床表现;有时还可见皮肤坏死。红斑丹毒丝菌的最易感动物是猪,没有品种和年龄差异。使用疫苗是最佳的预防手段,治疗方面除使用抗生素外还可以选择中药方剂进行治疗。