溴虫腈与哒螨灵对朱砂叶螨的联合作用

为明确溴虫腈与哒螨灵的联合杀螨活性,采用玻片浸渍法测定了溴虫腈与哒螨灵不同配比混剂对朱砂叶螨雌成螨的杀螨活性,并以共毒因子法和共毒系数法评价混剂的增效作用。结果表明,溴虫腈和哒螨灵对朱砂叶螨雌成螨处理后24 h的致死中质量浓度(LC50)分别为8.80、17.69mg/L;溴虫腈与哒螨灵的质量比为49∶51、47∶53、45∶55时增效最明显,对朱砂叶螨处理后24 h的共毒系数分别为177.94、178.49、173.73,LC50分别为6.65、6.72、7.00 mg/L,其毒力分别是哒螨灵的2.66倍、2.63倍、2.53倍。因此,45%~49%溴虫腈与51%~55%哒螨灵混合具有显著的增效作用。     

醋酸铅对体外培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞形态的影响

为了观察醋酸铅对神经细胞的形态学影响,通过建立体外培养大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞模型,应用不同浓度醋酸铅(0,50,100,200,400μmol/L)与神经细胞分别培养3、6、12、24 h,倒置相差显微镜观察细胞形态变化.结果显示,醋酸铅与神经细胞共同培养12~24 h,细胞密度降低,胞体变小,突起缩短;随醋酸铅浓度递增,细胞形态较对照组差异愈加显著(P<0.05).表明染铅浓度与神经细胞形态变化存在剂量效应与时间效应关系.     

Method for estimation of ocean current velocity from satellite images

Barotropic instability waves on a shear interface propagate at the average speed of the water on the two sides. Assuming the instability to be excited by tidal oscillations, the phase speed is the wavelength divided by the tidal period. If the water is at rest on one side of the shear layer the current speed on the other side can be calculated. This method, applied to the Gulf Stream beyond Cape Hatteras as seen in satellite images, gives estimates of current speed in general agreement with in situ observations.     

Impact of a catastrophic hurricane on island populations

Lizard and spider populations were censused immediately before and after Hurricane Lili on islands differentially affected by the storm surge. The results support three general propositions. First, the larger organisms, lizards, are more resistant to the immediate impact of moderate disturbance, whereas the more prolific spiders recover faster. Second, extinction risk is related to population size when disturbance is moderate but not when it is catastrophic. Third, after catastrophic disturbance, the recovery rate among different types of organisms is related to dispersal ability. The absence of the poorer dispersers, lizards, from many suitable islands is probably the result of long-lasting effects of catastrophes.     

浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林生物量研究(Ⅱ)群落生物量及其分配规律

森林生物量测定一直是森林生态系统研究的主要内容,也是地区森林生态系统长期监测所必需的基础性研究。以浙江天童国家森林公园常绿阔叶林为研究对象,于2003年10月份采用收获法(草本层、灌木层)和标准木法(乔木层)相结合的方法,测定了以木荷Schimasuperba,米槠Castanopsis carlesii为优势种的群落地上部分生物量。结果表明:群落地上部分总生物量为(141.0770±17.4298)t.hm-2(平均值±标准差,n=3),其中接近90%集中于乔木层,其他层生物量分配较少。群落及其各层生物量种间分配差异较大,以优势树种木荷和米槠生物量为主,其生物量主要由树干组成,器官分配大小顺序为干>枝>叶。群落萌枝生物量主要集中在灌木层,50%以上由米槠萌枝生物量构成。群落生物量及其分配状况基本体现了以木荷和米槠为优势种的该群落结构特征及常绿阔叶林群落生物量分配特征。表5参15     

Eighth millennium pottery from a prehistoric shell midden in the brazilian Amazon

The earliest pottery yet found in the Western Hemisphere has been excavated from a prehistoric shell midden near Santarém in the lower Amazon, Brazil. Calibrated accelerator radiocarbon dates on charcoal, shell, and pottery and a thermoluminescence date on pottery from the site fall from about 8000 to 7000 years before the present. The early fishing village is part of a long prehistoric trajectory that contradicts theories that resource poverty limited cultural evolution in the tropics.     

经营强度对毛竹林植物多样性的影响

对由天然针阔混交林或天然阔叶林经过人为改造和抚育转变成的4类毛竹林(即成林原因相同的4种林型—强度干扰下的毛竹纯林,较强干扰下的竹杉混交林,较弱干扰下的竹阔混交林,弱度干扰下的竹杉阔混交林)的层次结构、物种组成、物种丰富度、α多样性及群落相似性经营强度对毛竹林植物多样性的影响进行了对比分析。结果表明:这4种人工毛竹林随着经营强度的加大,层次结构逐渐简单化,乔木层、灌木层和草本层的物种丰富度迅速下降,且物种组成发生显著变化。乔木层、灌木层和草本层的生物多样性总体也呈下降趋势,但灌木层和草本层的生物多样性竹阔混交林类型反倒略高于经营强度最弱的竹杉阔混交林类型。而且不同经营强度下所形成的这4种类型毛竹林的群落相似性也随着经营强度的增加而降低,其中毛竹纯林与其他3类的相似性最低。     

披针叶黄华生物碱成分研究

采用 GC- MS联用分析技术从披针叶黄华总生物碱中分离鉴定出 12个喹喏里西啶生物碱 ,即无叶豆碱 ,N-甲基金雀花碱 ,金雀花碱 ,白羽扇豆碱 ,黄华碱 ,臭豆碱 ,N-甲醛基金雀花碱 ,Dodecahydro- 7,14 -methanodipyrido[1,2 - a:1′,2′- E][1.5 ]diazocine,Pyridine1- acetyl- 1,2 ,3,4 - tetrahydro- 5 - (2 - piperdinyl) ,7,14 -Methano- 2 H,6 H- dipyrido[1,2 - a:1′,2′- e][1,5 ]diaz,1,1- Dim ethyl- 3- (2 - nitrophenyl) ,7,14 - Methano- 4 H,6 H-dipyrido[1,2 - a:1′,2′- e][1,5 ]diaz。后 5种化合物为首次从该植物中鉴定