巨紫荆的育苗及栽培技术

巨紫荆(Cercis giganteanCheng etKeng f.)为苏木科落叶乔木,高可达15 m,属速生植物,寿命长。巨紫荆花的特点是多着生于1 a生的基部和2 a生以上的老枝上,成簇开花,花冠紫红色,花梗细长,为下垂总状花序,形似蝶形;4月前后先叶开放,花期约15 d。花后荚果长6~12 cm,先期绿色,并逐渐     

铅镉联合对新生大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞形态学损伤的研究

为了观察铅、镉及其联合对新生大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞的形态学影响,本试验通过对原代培养的新生大鼠大脑皮质神经细胞经提取、纯化和鉴定后,分九组进行单独或联合染毒,染毒时间为12 h,显微镜观察神经细胞形态并测量其胞体短直径和突起长度的变化.结果显示,与对照组相比,各试验组神经细胞密度降低,神经网络减少;各试验组神经细胞胞体短直径显著减小(P<0.05),突起长度显著变短(P<0.05);随铅、镉单剂量作用浓度的增加,神经细胞胞体短直径和突起长度有减小趋势,但组问差异不显著(P>0.05).与相应铅、镉单独染毒组比较.各铅镉联合染毒组神经细胞胞体短直径减小、突起长度变短更加明显,部分组间差异显著(P<0.05).结果表明,铅、镉作用浓度与神经细胞形态改变存在明显的剂量一效应关系,铅镉联合表现协同毒性效应.     

垂吊型矮牵牛叶片培养不定芽发生和微繁研究

以垂吊型矮牵牛叶片为材料 ,建立了垂吊型矮牵牛叶片高效不定芽发生、植株再生和微繁的技术体系。研究了不同激素及其组合对叶片不定芽发生、壮苗和生根的效应。结果显示 ,MS +BA 2mg L +NAA 0 1mg L是叶片不定芽发生的适宜培养基 ;MS +BA 0 5mg L +IBA0 1mg L +GA 0 5mg L是不定芽形成壮苗的适宜培养基 ;MS +IAA 0 1mg L是壮苗生根的适宜培养基 ;草炭珍珠岩基质是生根苗移栽的适宜基质     

LAND-USE INTENSIFICATION TRENDS IN THE RIO DE LA PLATA REGION OF SOUTH AMERICA: TOWARD SPECIALIZATION OR RECOUPLING CROP AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION

• Current intensification trends in the Rio de la Plata need urgent re-direction.•Integrated crop-livestock systems reconcile food production with ecosystem services.•Case studies validate recoupling as a sustainable way to ecological intensification.The Rio de la Plata region comprises central Argentina, Uruguay, and southern Brazil. Modern agriculture developed around 1900 with recent decades being characterized by the advance of cropping areas over native grasslands. Highly specialized agriculture has decoupled crop and livestock production but has succeeded in intensifying yields. However, significant losses of ecosystem services have been reported. Thus, questions have been raised on the sustainability of this pathway. A glance at world regions that have experienced similar trends suggests that an urgent course correction is needed. A major concern has been the lack of diversity in regions with highly specialized agriculture, promoting renewed interest in integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS), not only because ICLS are more diverse than specialized systems, but also because they are rare examples of reconciliation between agroecosystem intensification and environmental quality. Consequently, this paper discusses alternatives to redesign multifunctional landscapes based on ICLS. Recent data provide evidence that recoupling crop and animal production increases the resilience of nutrient cycling functions and economic indicators to external stressors, enabling these systems to face climate-market uncertainty and reconcile food production with the provision of diverse ecosystem services. Finally, these concepts are exemplified in case studies where this perspective has been successfully applied.     

水文气象过程对千岛湖氮磷变化的影响

水库作为一类人工修建的重要水资源调蓄地,其水体营养盐含量等指标受水文气象过程的影响很大。为探索我国东南山区水库营养盐的时空变化规律,以钱塘江流域千岛湖(新安江水库)为例,利用2016年8月至2017年12月的水质调查数据,结合同期气温、降雨量和入库流量等气象水文数据,分析了水文气象过程对千岛湖水体氮、磷等营养盐浓度的影响特征。结果显示:(1)千岛湖营养盐浓度具有较大的时空差异性,TN浓度0.69～2.06 mg/L,平均值为(1.12±0.26) mg/L,高值出现在冬季和春季;TP浓度0.004～0.096 mg/L,平均值为(0.030±0.021)mg/L,高值出现在春季;空间上呈现为河流区到湖泊区浓度逐渐降低的趋势;(2)千岛湖降雨量、入库流量及气温等水文气象条件存在显著季节差异(P0.01),3-7月的降雨和入库流量超过总量的70%,高温出现在7-8月,月均温度高达30℃;(3)氮磷营养盐浓度与入库流量的相关性强于降雨,且入库流量及降雨对磷的影响更大;不同区域对入库流量的响应时间存在差异,河流区响应最快,其次是过渡区,湖泊区最慢,反映出氮、磷在水库扩散过程中的滞后性;(4)温度通过影响水体浮游植物生长带来的水体颗粒态氮、磷变化影响水体TN、TP浓度,但不同湖区的响应不同;3～7 d的累积温度与过渡区氮、磷的关系好于河流区,可能与过渡区浮游植物生长与营养盐浓度变化更为敏感有关。研究表明,水文气象过程对大型水库水体氮磷的影响作用强烈且复杂,物理扩散与沉降、化学变化及生物生长累积等作用使得水体氮磷浓度对水文气象过程响应具有较大的时空差异性,在水库水质管理和机制分析中应当充分考虑这种非同步性。     

西藏草原畜牧业大发展探讨

西藏作为我国高寒牧区的中心 ,拥有广袤的草场 ,大量藏系家畜 ,畜牧业作为其支柱产业 ,居重要地位。加强对其畜牧业大发展的研究 ,在西部大开发中 ,显得尤为必要和紧迫 ,对增进国民经济发展具有深远而现实的意义     

The Solar Acoustic Spectrum and Eigenmode Parameters

The Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) project estimates the frequencies, amplitudes, and linewidths of more than 250,000 acoustic resonances of the sun from data sets lasting 36 days. The frequency resolution of a single data set is 0.321 microhertz. For frequencies averaged over the azimuthal order m, the median formal error is 0.044 microhertz, and the associated median fractional error is 1.6 x 10(-5). For a 3-year data set, the fractional error is expected to be 3 x 10(-6). The GONG m-averaged frequency measurements differ from other helioseismic data sets by 0.03 to 0.08 microhertz. The differences arise from a combination of systematic errors, random errors, and possible changes in solar structure.     

南京市不同地点冬季热岛效应比较研究

对南京市4个地点的小气候进行观测发现,冬天位于城区的悬铃木行道树下和位于城郊的马褂木林内的太阳辐射强度明显小于篮球场和草坪地;地面辐射强度和地表温度呈篮球场〉草坪〉悬铃木行道树下〉马褂木林内;篮球场、草坪、行道树下和马褂木林内的全天24h平均气温分别是6．2,6．2,6．5,6．0℃,表明4种类型城市用地之间的小气候存在差异,其中城区气温较高,具有一定的温室效应。