四川猪链球菌Ⅱ型分离株生物学特性的初步研究

猪链球菌Ⅱ型是导致许多国家猪链球菌病的主要病原，自90年代晚期江苏发生猪链球菌Ⅱ型感染以来已成为我国引起人畜共患病的一种重要的新病原菌。最近在四川省部分地区发生了不明原因的猪源人畜共患病，且具有较高的死亡率。我们从病死猪的病料中成功分离到三株猪链球菌分离株，经革兰氏染色、生化试验、血清凝集试验和PCR鉴定，最终证实为猪链球菌Ⅱ型。通过对其毒力因子进行鉴定．结果发现MRP和EF均为阳性。进一步的药敏试验证实：分离菌株对氨苄青霉素、先锋霉素Ⅳ、羧苄青霉素、复方新诺明、头孢肤肟等抗菌药高度敏感。     

美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒RT-LAMP可视化快速检测方法的建立与应用

为建立一种快速诊断美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(NA-PRRSV)的可视化检测方法,根据GenBank已发表的美洲型PRRSV经典病毒株JXA1序列,运用在线生物软件设计合成并筛选出1组引物,通过反应体系优化,建立了NA-PRRSV RT-LAMP可视化快速检测方法,并验证了该方法的特异性、敏感性,同时开展了初步临床应用。结果显示:该方法具有良好的特异性和较高的灵敏度,可检测病毒RNA模板的最低浓度为10 copies/μL;应用该方法检测30份临床样品,结果与实时荧光RT-PCR方法符合率为100%,进一步证实了该方法的可行性。结果表明,所建立的RT-LAMP检测方法具有特异性好、灵敏度高、快速、可视等优点,适用于NA-PRRSV的现场快速检测。本研究为NA-PRRSV的快速、准确鉴别提供了有效手段。     

The Effect of Season on Spermatozoa Motility,Plasma Membrane and Acrosome Integrity in Fresh and Frozen–Thawed Semen from Xinong Saanen Bucks

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the season of ejaculate collection influences seminal quality parameters of pre‐ and post‐freeze–thawing in Xinong Saanen bucks. Ejaculates were collected from eight bucks throughout the four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) in a 12 months’ time period, identified in the Northern Hemisphere. Semen samples were evaluated by the combinations of conventional and Computer‐Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) when fresh and after frozen–thawed, respectively. The results clearly demonstrated that season of ejaculate collection influenced (p < 0.05) fresh semen quality. Highest semen quality was observed during autumn. On the contrary, undesirable indices (significantly lower, p < 0.05) were observed in winter as compared with the other remaining seasons. CASA has clearly shown the influences of seasonal variations on semen motility parameters. Furthermore, season of ejaculate collection was also found to influence sperm freezability. Semen characteristics after frozen–thawed followed a similar pattern with that of fresh ejaculate except in spring. The results revealed that sperm quality was higher (p < 0.01) in summer and autumn than in spring and winter. In conclusion, seasonal variation influences semen quality in Xinong Saanen bucks. In addition to summer and autumn, fresh ejaculates in spring can also be successfully used for AI. Sperm from ejaculates collected during summer and autumn are more suitable for cryopreservation. Hence, it is possible to increase the efficiency of goat breeding by manipulating the seasonal variations of semen quality for immediate AI and/or cryopreservation.     

内蒙古膜下滴灌棉花叶面肥施用效果

以中棉所50和天元1号为材料,以喷施清水为对照,通过田间试验研究了从蕾期到铃期6次叶面喷施1%(质量分数,下同)尿素、0.5%磷酸二氢钾、1%尿素+0.5%磷酸二氢钾3种叶面肥对内蒙古膜下滴灌棉花产量与品质的影响。结果表明,喷施叶面肥处理均比对照增产,皮棉增产幅度为6.0%~10.6%,喷施1%尿素+0.5%磷酸二氢钾处理增产效果最佳。叶面肥处理对棉花纤维品质无显著影响,施用1%尿素+0.5%磷酸二氢钾叶面肥处理棉花纤维上半部平均长度、断裂比强度优于对照。     

关于北方地区丁(鱼岁)Tinca tinca(Linnaeus)一年两次人工繁殖技术的探讨

丁(鱼岁)系欧洲淡水经济鱼类,于2004年4月引进,经过一年的鱼种培育,2005年人工繁殖试验获得成功,2006年一年两次人工繁殖又获成功,本文作扼要的介绍与探讨.     

中国对虾往西北内陆咸水水域移植的生产性试养研究

本文介绍了通过采用引进河水、压碱降盐等改良水质的技术措施,使中国对虾首次成功地移植到内陆咸水水域。经过1个月的试养,中国对虾平均体长增长3.82 cm,平均体重为1.82 g。     

Effect of intermittent starvation on growth and some antioxidant indexes of Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan)

The effect of different periods of starvation (0, 2, 4 and 8 days) followed by re-feeding on growth, feed utilization, oxygen consumption and some immune indexes [reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)] was evaluated over an 18-day experimental period in shrimp Macrobrachium nipponense (De Haan) that had an initial body weight of 0.52 g. As a result of compensatory growth, indicated by an increase in specific growth rate (SGR), feeding rate (FR) and feed conversion efficiency (FCE) after re-feeding, final body weight of shrimp starved for 2 days (0.63 g) and 4 days (0.65 g) did not differ ( P >0.05) from the control group (0.64 g), with feed withholding for 8 days presenting a significant lower value (0.63 g). Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) decreased during the starvation period in all groups, followed by a gradual increase to a similar ( P >0.05) value than found in the control group (0.47 mg kg⁻¹ h⁻¹) at the end of the experiment. Although ROIs and the activity of SOD and CAT fluctuated during starvation in the feed-deprived groups, values at the termination of the experiment were comparable ( P >0.05) to those found for the control group.     

关于人工鱼礁的基本设计与管理问题的探讨

为保证人工鱼礁业的健康稳定发展,使人工鱼礁产生更好的生态效益、经济效益和社会效益,最大程度地发挥人工鱼礁的效能,文章就人工鱼礁材料的选择、人工鱼礁的设计提出了一些技术要求,并对人工鱼礁建成后的管理提出建设性意见。     

基于文献计量分析我国玉米黑穗病研究现状

以《中国期刊全文数据库》的数据为检索对象,采用文献计量学的方法,从年度载文量、核心作者群、合作度、主要产出单位及区域、期刊分布等方面对玉米丝黑穗病研究文献进行统计,进一步分析国内该领域的研究热点从而揭示近10a来我国对玉米丝黑穗病研究的现状和发展趋势     

石灰性潮土对氮肥连续施用的环境承受力

本文在冬小麦-夏玉米→春玉米轮作条件下,通过肥料长期定位试验,研究了北京地区石灰性潮土对氮肥连续施用的环境承受力。结果表明,常量氮肥(N 一年169 kg·hm~(-2))与不施氮相比,在60 cm 以下土层 NO_3~--N 含量无显著差异,没有污染地下水,而在两倍于常量的施氮量(N 一年338 kg·hm~(-2))条件下,80～100 cm 土层的 NO_3~--N 含量比常量施氮显著增加,在雨季或灌水量较大及长期淋洗条件下有可能污染地下水。通过本试验并参考有关研究结果,将该土壤对氮肥的环境承受力定为 N 一年203 kg·hm~(-2)。研究还表明,适量施用有机肥及磷、钾肥能协调土壤对作物的养分供应,增加作物产量,提高肥料利用率,从而减少 NO_3~--N对地下水污染的可能性。