Molecular identification and genetic analysis for 24 turf-type Cynodon cultivars by Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism markers

Bermudagrass (Cynodon ssp.) germplasm is genetically diverse and widely distributed in the world. The study was conducted to identify and assess the molecular variation and relationship among 24 cultivars developed in China, Australia and the USA. Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) was applied to cultivars identification in this study for the first time. Thirty of the 90 SRAP primer combinations generated a total of 274 clearly bands encompassing 249 (91%) polymorphic. Each bermudagrass cultivar has its unique binary code and can be distinguished from the others. Three distinct clusters were obtained by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on the polymorphic markers. Coefficients of genetic distance among the genotypes ranged from 0.57 to 0.97. The results demonstrated that SRAP marker is a stable molecular marker technique for the identification of bermudagrass cultivars and their genetic relationships.     

Initiation and development of microspore embryogenesis in recalcitrant purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var. purpurea Hort.) genotypes

Purple flowering stalk (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis var.purpurea Hort.) was generally regarded as a recalcitrant species for microspore culture in Brassica crops. Conditions for reliable induction of microspore embryogenesis were studied in 12 genotypes of purple flowering stalk. A treatment of short heat shock to microspore by incubating at 32 °C for 18 h was suitable for the survival of microspores, sustained cell divisions, and further induced embryogenesis. Subsequently, the reduced concentration of macro salts (1/2 NLN) provided an optimal condition for the development of embryoids. Under the optimized conditions for microspore embryoid development, 10 genotypes responded to microspore culture with the frequencies ranging from 2.7 to 70.5 embryoids per dish. However, regenerated plants were obtained from 9 genotypes, and more than 75% these regenerated plants were double haploid. This report establishes an efficient protocol for microspore culture and offers great potential for DH breeding in purple flowering stalk.     

不同世代玉米自交系产量配合力研究

将5个不同世代38个姊妹系和4个测验种,按NCⅡ设计组配152个杂交组合,对群体选系各世代产量配合力和遗传变异规律进行研究。结果表明:随着世代的增加,姊妹系配合力呈先增加后下降的趋势,即随着自交选择的进行产量配合力逐渐升高,S4代达到最高值,S5代开始下降。S2～S4代是产量配合力严重分离的世代,S3、S4代姊妹系间产量配合力变异大,范围宽,分离重组出高配合力选系的比率高于其它世代,是配合力测定的最佳时期。     

一起人布鲁氏菌病的畜间流行病学调查

2021年5月,湖南省长沙市发生一起人布鲁氏菌病疫情,确诊病例有共同暴露史,均接触或食用同一养殖场的羊胎衣。为确定疫情源头,防止疫情蔓延,消除疫情传播风险,通过现场走访询问、实验室检测等方式,对人确诊病例的共同暴露养殖场开展了畜间流行病学调查。调查结果显示:该养殖场饲养的山羊为外地调入且未经检疫,调入后出现疑似布鲁氏菌病症状并死亡;经实验室检测,存栏山羊的布鲁氏菌抗体阳性率为89.66%;相关人员普遍缺乏布病认知,防范意识不足,存在徒手接触羊流产物等情况,以及有食用羊胎衣的习俗。调查认为,养殖户外购未经检疫的羊是本次疫情的源头,相关人员布病防护意识低,对布病缺乏认知,导致感染。疫情确诊后,当地兽医主管部门按规定对存栏羊群进行全部扑杀和无害化处理,对栏舍进行全面彻底清洗消毒,依法查处违规调运等行为,使疫情得到有效控制。本次疫情警示,需要严格落实动物检疫和调运监管制度,做好监测预警,深化健康教育,提高群众自我防护意识,逐步净化消灭布病。     

非洲猪瘟病毒污染运输车辆模拟消毒试验

为验证碾压消毒垫和驶过消毒池两种常见运输车辆消毒方式对非洲猪瘟病毒（ASFV）的杀灭效果,采用生物学特性和理化特性相近的猪伪狂犬病毒（PRV）疫苗稀释液喷洒运输车辆车轮,测试两种消毒方式的消毒效果。结果显示：车辆碾压消毒垫后0、1、2、3、4、5 min以及驶过消毒池后0、2、5、10 min,车轮可被检测的PRV与表面细菌含量均呈下降趋势,且杀灭效果随时间增加而增强。其中,碾压消毒垫后5 min无法有效杀灭所有PRV,细菌杀灭率为92.5%;驶过消毒池后10 min可有效杀灭所有PRV,细菌杀灭率为98.3%。本研究结果为提高非洲猪瘟疫情应急处置水平和日常防控消毒措施有效性提供了数据支撑。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒云南省流行毒株S1基因序列分析

为深入了解云南省猪流行性腹泻病毒（porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV）的流行现状及现有疫苗株的保护效果,从2017—2022年云南省PEDV感染临床阳性样品中扩增出9份样品的PEDV S1基因,利用生物信息学方法,对9份样品S1基因进行了遗传进化树构建、同源性分析和氨基酸突变位点分析等。结果显示：2份样品位于G1基因群,其余7份位于G2基因群的G2b基因亚群。7份G2b基因亚群样品的核苷酸和推导氨基酸同源性较高,与G2基因群的AJ1102和L/W/L疫苗株处于不同基因亚群且同源性较低,并在第13、139、289和363位发生了不一致的突变位点;与现有疫苗株相比,在抗原中和位点COE区域以及其他区域,有明显的抗原性变化。结果表明：云南省存在G1基因群和G2b基因亚群PEDV同时流行,但以G2b基因亚群为主;流行株和疫苗株间存在较远的遗传和亲缘关系,以及氨基酸突变和抗原性差异,这很可能是导致目前PED控制不理想的原因,因此需要研发安全有效的疫苗。     

制备柿单宁金属吸附剂的柿属植物种质筛选

以7份有代表性的柿属植物为对象,经真空冷冻干燥后制备成果粉,对果粉采用硫酸交联法制备出柿单宁金属吸附剂,比较其对Au(Ⅲ)吸附的效果以筛选出优质的柿单宁金属吸附剂种质。结果表明,不同类型种质的柿果实单宁质量分数差异明显,所制备的吸附剂对Au(Ⅲ)吸附率与单宁质量分数存在正相关;在供试柿种质中,油柿果实的单宁质量分数最高,且在果实发育期均维持较高水平,适合用作吸附剂制备专用种质;优选出盛花后140d的油柿果实为原料制备的柿单宁金属吸附剂对Au(Ⅲ)的吸附动力学和等温线数据表明该吸附过程容易发生,吸附容量高于1 200mg/g,显示其有良好的应用前景。     

基于排污权交易的湘江流域生态补偿研究

[目的]以湖南省湘江流域为研究对象,探索流域生态补偿方法,为湘江流域实施污染综合治理及区域平衡发展提供理论依据。[方法]通过研究区域内的8个城市(长沙、湘潭、株洲、衡阳、岳阳、永州、郴州、娄底)2012年的人均GDP,人口总数,人均工业生产总值和万元GDP污水排放量与8个市的平均值进行对比分析,确定生态补偿标准系数。通过将各个市的人均排污量与8个城市的平均排污量作比较,求得各个市的超量排污量和节余排污量;按照主要因子排污价格及其排污比例确定超量排放和节余排放的支付和补偿价格;利用生态补偿标准系数,计算2012年湘江流域每个城市的最终补偿标准。[结果]2012年长沙、株洲、湘潭市应分别支付生态补偿资金4 005.0,440.7和430.1万元,衡阳、岳阳、郴州、永州和娄底市可获得的生态补偿资金分别为338.2,90.4,561.4,602.8和379.5万元。[结论]实际排污大于理论排污权的城市有长沙、株洲和湘潭市;而其他5个城市排污权均有节余。