Male sterility in soybean: Occurrence,molecular basis and utilization

In plants, male sterility (MS) is a specific breeding target trait. With the advancements in agriculture, utilization of heterosis breeding in hybrid production through MS lines has become the main breeding tool of various cross‐pollinated and even self‐pollinated crops. Soybean is an essential source of oil and protein; however, the low yield is a major factor limiting its development. Soybean MS mainly comprises cytoplasmic‐nuclear MS and nuclear/genic MS (NMS/GMS), which can effectively utilize heterosis to improve soybean yield. This review outlines the recent research progress on the development of new genetically MS lines, exploring the underlying molecular mechanism of MS, identification and cloning of MS and fertility restoration genes, and the application of MS lines. We further discussed and prospected the future developmental scenario direction of the soybean MS, based on the previous studies of other crops sterility system. Moreover, this review also provides comprehensive information for better application of MS to soybean breeding programme.     

Comparative analysis of genetic effects of wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL

Wheat‐Dasypyrum villosum translocations T6V#2S·6AL and T6V#4S·6DL, carriers of Pm21 and PmV, respectively, confer high resistance to wheat powdery mildew. For better understanding of the difference in genetic effect between them, a RIL population was constructed based on the cross between “Yangmai 18” carrying T6V#2S·6AL and “Yangmai 22” carrying T6V#4S·6DL. Analysis of distribution of the translocations showed that T6V#2S·6AL is much more transmittable than T6V#4S·6DL. By comparing their effects on main agronomic traits, we firstly found that T6V#2S·6AL contributes greatly to top spikelet fecundity, but causes a decrease of 6.7%–10.5% of spike number. No stable effects of T6V#4S·6DL on agronomic traits were found, except for positive effect on plant height. Excitingly, a new recombinant, T6V#4S‐6V#2S·6AL carrying PmV, was screened and proved to have a higher transmission rate than the original translocation T6V#4S·6DL, which will greatly promote the utilization of PmV. The above conclusions of this research will provide important guidance for utilization of Pm21 and PmV more effectively, in wheat powdery mildew resistance breeding.     

马铃薯新品种同薯30号的选育

同薯30号是以Adgna为母本,以K 316-3为父本,通过有性杂交获得实生籽,经过系统定向选育而成的马铃薯新品种。该品种为晚熟品种,生育期110d左右。薯块圆形,黄皮黄肉,芽眼深浅中等,薯块休眠期中等。块茎干物质含量21.6%,淀粉含量15.1%,维生素C含量16.1mg/100g(FW),粗蛋白含量2.24%,还原糖含量0.21%,商品薯重率为72.5%。2015—2016年参加山西省中晚熟马铃薯组品种区域试验,2年平均产量2 214.69kg/667m^2,比对照晋薯16号增产17.74%,2017年进行了新品种登记。     

Analysis and Assessment on Heavy Metal Contamination in Cotton Seeds of Hunan Province

[Objective] In order to guarantee the quality and safety of cotton products and to explore the feasibility of alternative planting, the contamination condition of the heavy metals in cotton seeds in Hunan province was investigated and evaluated. [Method] Fifty-six cotton seed samples, collected in 6 counties of Hunan province, were collected to determine 6 indicators including cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, mercury and inorganic arsenic contents. This was followed by pollution index calculation, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis. [Results] The range of comprehensive pollution indexes of Junshan district, Anxiang county, Nanxian county, Wangcheng and Dingcheng districts varied between 0.366 5–0.577 0, which belonged to a secure level. However, the single pollution indexes of Hengyang county are relatively high. The comprehensive pollution index of Hengyang county was 0.801 6, meaning a mild pollution level. [Conclusion] The pollution status of cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, mercury and arsenic in Hunan cottonseed samples are generally acceptable. Cotton could be a substitute for rice on contaminated soil.     

纳米SiO2改性PVDC涂膜材料的制备及其对鸡蛋保鲜效果的研究

通过不同量的纳米SiO_2改性PVDC涂膜材料,以期提高PVDC涂膜材料对清洁鸡蛋的涂膜保鲜效果,延长鸡蛋货架期。结果表明,纳米SiO_2可以稳定地填充于PVDC涂膜材料的分子空隙中,提高PVDC成膜致密度;表现为显著降低PVDC涂膜液的黏度及提高其成膜阻湿性和成膜机械性能(P<0.05);另外,当纳米SiO_2添加量为0.10%时,对PVDC材料有最适的改性效果,并且可以显著抑制清洁鸡蛋在贮藏过程中质量损失及微生物的生长(P<0.05),保持鸡蛋的新鲜度。综上所述,纳米SiO_2改性PVDC涂膜材料是一种良好的清洁鸡蛋涂膜保鲜包装新材料,可延长清洁鸡蛋保质期至7周。     

威县枣园乡魏家寨村红薯中硒含量的测定

采用微波消解处理样品,氢化物原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS)、电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)进行硒的测定,两种方法测得枣园乡魏家寨村红薯中硒含量分别为0.0235±0.00609μg/g,0.01μg/g,对比京津冀区域及市售富硒红薯中硒含量,河北邢台威县枣园乡魏家寨村红薯硒含量不低于海南澄迈县桥头镇。     

优良软籽石榴新品种‘玛丽斯’的选育

‘玛丽斯’是国家林业局"948"项目资助通过引种方式引入我国的以色列软籽石榴,2012-2014年通过区域试验确定为优系,于2018年12月通过河南省林木品种审定委员会审定。该品种具有早果性好、丰产稳产、抗旱耐瘠薄且无裂果现象等特征。果熟期9月底,果个大(平均单果质量510 g),果实近圆形,果皮光洁明亮,呈粉红色。籽粒大(百粒质量59.00 g),红色且较软(籽粒硬度为2.01 kg·cm^-2),核仁可食,嚼后无残渣,汁多味甘甜(可溶性固形物含量超过16.00%),出汁率85.00%。秦岭-淮河以南地区为适宜栽培区,黄河以南至淮河以北为次适宜区,在次适宜栽培区栽植须采用防寒措施。