Effect of salinity on nitrogen metabolism in wheat

Objectives of our studies were to quantify effects of salinity on growth and nitrogen metabolism of wheat and to measure variation in response of different cultivars, hybrids, and classes. Methods and criteria for identifying resistance to salinity in wheat, particularly effects on nitrogen metabolism also were tested. Variation in response to salinity was measured by subjecting seedlings of six wheats to one control treatment (‐0.1 bars) and two stress treatments (‐3.5 and ‐10.4 bars) from NaCl, MgSO₄, and MgCl₂ in hydroponic solutions. Both stress treatments retarded growth; wheats significantly varied at ‐3.5 bars but not at ‐10.4 bars. Stress decreased root and shoot nitrate N and total N contents. Studies with one wheat cultivar showed that salinity decreased activity of nitrate reductase enzyme and stimulated accumulation of proline. Salinity more adversely affected vegetative stages than reproductive stages of plants grown to maturity. We concluded that salinity affected wheat by both osmotic effects and antagonism of nitrate metabolism from chloride. Absolute growth and relative growth at different stress levels were superior to differences in nitrogen metabolism as selection criteria for salinity tolerance.     

贵州省金沙县马路乡新农村建设成果调研报告

通过对贵州省金沙县马路乡新农村建设情况的实地调研,总结马路乡新农村建设的成功经验,提出新农村建设存在的问题和今后努力的方向。     

恩诺沙星人工抗原的合成与鉴定

采用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活性酯法,将恩诺沙星（ENR）分别与牛血清白蛋白（BSA）和卵清蛋白（OVA）连接,制备人工免疫原ENR-BSA和包被原ENR-OVA,经紫外扫描分析和动物免疫试验证实人工抗原合成成功,研究结果对抗恩诺沙星单克隆抗体的制备具有重要意义.     

益生素促进芦蒿增产应用研究

益生素是含有多种有效微生物群的微生态制剂，其功效之一是促进植物生长。研究表明，益生素生物制剂能促进芦蒿幼芽萌发和植株地上部生长，增产明显，试验结果总增产为25．3％，经济效益显著，投入产出比为1：7．4，因此益生素生物制剂在芦蒿生产中有较高的推广应用价值。     

2012年四川省稻飞虱大发生特点及原因分析

2012年四川省稻飞虱大发生,具有迁入时间特别早、迁入峰次多、灯下田间虫量大、发生面积大等特点。造成大发生的原因主要是境外虫源基数大,根据工作经验判断作为四川省虫源地的广西虫量大以及四川省今年的气候条件有利于稻飞虱的迁飞、繁殖。     

豆粕有机肥与化肥配施对大棚春黄瓜产量品质和土壤肥力的影响

为了探明豆粕有机肥与化肥氮素不同配施比例对大棚黄瓜的肥料效应,采用田间试验,研究了单施豆粕有机肥、豆粕有机肥与化肥配施和单施化肥对黄瓜产量、品质和肥料利用率以及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明,在相同氮、磷、钾施用量条件下,单施豆粕肥或单施化肥以及豆粕肥与化肥配施均可显著提高黄瓜总产量,M2N1、M1N1和M1N2处理的黄瓜前期产量分别比CK增产47.1%、68.6%和82.0%。各试验处理黄瓜果实中可溶性糖、蛋白质和硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐含量差异均不显著,Vc含量以M2N1处理含量最高。不同施肥处理均可显著提高黄瓜氮和钾的吸收量,但氮、磷、钾肥料利用率差异均不显著。黄瓜收获后各处理耕层土壤无机氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和pH等肥力性状均有明显变化。土壤pH与土壤养分的变化均呈现负相关性,其中土壤pH与土壤有效磷、速效钾含量呈极显著负相关,与土壤铵态氮、硝态氮和无机氮含量呈显著负相关。豆粕肥的氮、磷、钾养分释放率较高,完全可以替代普通有机肥与化肥配施用于黄瓜生产,豆粕氮与化肥氮配施用比例以1:1或2:1为佳。     

Microcracking and Chloride Penetration of Concrete under Uniaxial Compression

A non-destructive method of evaluation of specific crack area was used to characterise microcracking in concrete prisms during uniaxial compression loading and unloading. Chloride profiles were also measured after the same concretes were exposed to chloride environment. The relation among microcracking, stress-strength ratio and chloride penetration of concrete were analysed based on the experimental results. Under compressive load, the apparent chloride diffusion coefficient decreases until about one third of the ultimate load. Further increase of compressive load improves the chloride diffusion coefficient again. There is a close link between microcracking and stress-strength ratio. The index of specific crack area can be used to indicate the microcracking and study chloride transport behaviour into concrete under the influence of microcracking.     

Genetic linkage map of Chinese native variety faba bean (Vicia faba L.) based on simple sequence repeat markers

Simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker is a powerful tool for construction of genetic linkage map which can be applied for quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker‐assisted selection (MAS). In this study, a genetic map of faba bean was constructed with SSR markers using a 129 F₂ individuals population derived from the cross of Chinese native variety 91825 (large seed) and K1563 (small seed). By screening 11 551 SSR primers between two parents, 149 primer pairs were detected polymorphic and used for F₂ population analysis. This SSR‐based genetic linkage map consisted of 15 linkage groups with 128 SSR. The map encompassed 1587 cM with an average genetic distance of 12.4 cM. The genetic map generated in this study will be beneficial for genetic studies of faba bean for identification of marker‐locus‐trait associations as well as comparative mapping among faba bean, pea and grasspea.     

不同苦荞品种花和籽粒空间分布特征及差异分析

以8个苦荞品种为试验材料,研究不同苦荞品种花和籽粒在植株不同部位的分布特征及差异。结果表明,不同苦荞品种花和籽粒总数存在显著差异,其中川荞2号总花数、总籽粒数最高,分别为3 046.6和1 367.8,而川荞1号最少,分别为1 017.6和487.2,品种间总花数和总籽粒数变异系数分别为34.8%、29.0%。不同苦荞品种花和籽粒空间分布呈现相同趋势,均主要分布于分枝上,分别占整株的76.3%和74.2%以上,且均显著高于主茎,分别高68.7%~87.0%和65.2%~84.5%。生产上可通过调控分枝的有效籽粒数来提高苦荞产量。     

番茄查尔酮合成酶基因的鉴定及生物信息学分析

类黄酮(Flavonoids)是植物体内一类重要的次生代谢产物,它以结合态(黄酮苷)或自由态(黄酮苷元)形式存在于水果、蔬菜、豆类和茶叶等许多植物中,对植物的生长发育有着重要的调节作用。查尔酮合成酶(Chalcone synthase,CHS,EC2.3.1.74)是植物类黄酮合成途径的第一个关键酶,在调控类黄酮的生物合成以及类黄酮的成分起着决定作用。本研究基于番茄全基因组测序数据,利用生物信息学方法,鉴定了查尔酮合成酶基因家族成员,分析其内含子-外显子的结构特征、系统发育关系,序列结构的保守性以及染色体上的分布。研究表明:查尔酮合成酶(SlCHS)是含有8个成员的多家族基因,蛋白质序列编码位于160(SlCHS05)～438(SlCHS08)个氨基酸之间;相似性在33.7%(SlCHS02和SlCHS06)～92.0%(SlCHS04和SlCHS07)之间,表明这些序列之间具有较高的遗传多样性;此外,结构分析发现这些基因均含有较少的内含子(0～2个);序列比对表明这些基因具有较高的保守性;它们不均匀分布在番茄的1、5、6、9和12号染色体上。该研究不仅有助于未来了解该基因家族的进化起源提供参考,而且可为我们进一步分析该基因家族成员的功能奠定基础。