基于水力性能和净化效果的表面流人工湿地设计参数优化

为探究表面流人工湿地设计参数对水力性能和净化效果的影响,分析设计参数与水力性能指标和净化效果指标之间的关系性,优选综合考虑水力性能和净化效果的设计参数组合,对表面流人工湿地设计参数(长宽比、水深、植物间距、流量、进出口布置、植物种类)开展正交试验。结果表明:设计参数对净化效果有显著的影响,各水力性能指标之间、以及净化效果指标之间均存在极显著的相关性,水力性能指标与净化效果指标之间存在一定的相关性。长宽比、水深和植物间距是影响表面流人工湿地水力性能和净化效果的主要设计参数,尤其以长宽比的影响最为显著。在试验条件下,表面流人工湿地最优设计参数组合为长宽比4∶1、水深30 cm、植物间距20 cm、流量0.55 m3/h、进出口中进中出布置、水生植物水葱。     

低空急流对近地表风力机械结构载荷的影响

为分析低空急流对风力机械结构载荷的影响,该研究采用谐波叠加法对低空急流谱模型进行计算以生成大气入流,并基于叶素动量理论和几何精确梁方法对一台高度为270 m的15 MW风力机进行载荷分析。结果表明,低空急流在风力机高度范围内的速度剖面呈现射流和强剪切的耦合特征;低空急流最大可使风轮功率增大约40%,风轮俯仰力矩增大50%,风轮偏航力矩增大1.5倍,塔基偏航力矩的波动强度增加60%;同时,还会造成风轮偏航和俯仰力矩功率谱特性呈双阶梯型分布特征;当急流高度低于轮毂高度时,风力机俯仰力矩促使风轮向下倾斜,会增加风力机叶片打塔风险。因此,在低空急流多发地区安装风力机等高耸结构物时,应充分考虑低空急流对风力机结构载荷特性的影响。研究可为风力机在内的大尺寸高耸结构物的载荷安全性分析提供参考。     

不同化肥品种对春小麦营养元素的吸收、土壤磷素的释放及其产量的影响

试验结果表明,不同处理的春小麦各生育期的氮磷吸收趋势是一致的.植株的氮素相对含量苗期最高,抽穗期最低,灌浆期逐渐提高,每个时期与对照几乎相同.而绝对含量各时期是逐渐上升的,且明显高于对照;植株磷素相对和绝对含量苗期最低,拔节期急速上升.不同处理的相对含量与对照接近,绝对含量明显高于对照;同时,合理施用氮肥,不仅能促进磷素的吸收,而且能促进土壤磷的释放,改变土壤磷的形态.通过F值测定,不同氮肥品种间产量差异不显著.氮磷配合处理间差异极显著.且以尿素和硫铵组合的处理增产效果最佳.同时,在人工灌溉条件下,施肥各     

雌性特异蛋白复合物促鱼类性腺发育及提高孵化率机制的研究

本实验系用生物化学方法从鲤鱼性腺中提取出一种雌性特异蛋白复合物,氨基酸分析发现该复合物含有全部必需氨基酸;将该蛋白复合物注射到雌性大阪鲫鱼体内,发现鱼的血清中蛋白质含量增加,同时对大阪鲫鱼肝脏分析发现核糖核酸(RNA)含量也增加。     

论"三农"问题与农民权益

在我国渐进式改革和市场转型过程中,"三农"问题已经突破经济层面,成为一个综合性的社会问题.解决三农问题,必须按照社会主义的本质要求,站在市场经济的最高处,站在"最广大人民"利益的最高处,用发展的全局的眼光和思维,制定设计出符合农民长远利益的系统性战略性策略措施和改革方案.标本兼治,循序渐进,逐步实现农民的权益.     

The Marine-Derived Macrolactone Mandelalide A Is an Indirect Activator of AMPK

The mandelalides are complex macrolactone natural products with distinct macrocycle motifs and a bioactivity profile that is heavily influenced by compound glycosylation. Mandelalides A and B are direct inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase (complex V) and therefore more toxic to mammalian cells with an oxidative metabolic phenotype. To provide further insight into the pharmacology of the mandelalides, we studied the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) energy stress pathway and report that mandelalide A is an indirect activator of AMPK. Wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and representative human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells showed statistically significant increases in phospho-AMPK (Thr172) and phospho-ACC (Ser79) in response to mandelalide A. Mandelalide L, which also harbors an A-type macrocycle, induced similar increases in phospho-AMPK (Thr172) and phospho-ACC (Ser79) in U87-MG glioblastoma cells. In contrast, MEFs co-treated with an AMPK inhibitor (dorsomorphin), AMPKα-null MEFs, or NSCLC cells lacking liver kinase B1 (LKB1) lacked this activity. Mandelalide A was significantly more cytotoxic to AMPKα-null MEFs than wild-type cells, suggesting that AMPK activation serves as a protective response to mandelalide-induced depletion of cellular ATP. However, LKB1 status alone was not predictive of the antiproliferative effects of mandelalide A against NSCLC cells. When EGFR status was considered, erlotinib and mandelalide A showed strong cytotoxic synergy in combination against erlotinib-resistant 11-18 NSCLC cells but not against erlotinib-sensitive PC-9 cells. Finally, prolonged exposures rendered mandelalide A, a potent and efficacious cytotoxin, against a panel of human glioblastoma cell types regardless of the underlying metabolic phenotype of the cell. These results add biological relevance to the mandelalide series and provide the basis for their further pre-clinical evaluation as ATP synthase inhibitors and secondary activators of AMPK.     

小麦-卵穗山羊草衍生后代的SSR分子标记鉴定和白粉病抗性评价

山羊草属植物是普通小麦改良过程中重要的有益基因来源,小麦的许多抗病虫、抗逆基因都来源于山羊草属植物。本研究利用杂交和回交的方法,成功获得了19株小麦-卵穗山羊草衍生后代,实验选取均匀分布于小麦各条染色体的SSR标记400个,对三个亲本(中国春、卵穗山羊草和陕优225)以及19株衍生后代进行分子标记特异性分析,结果表明,341个标记可以在卵穗山羊草中扩增出条带,说明SSR标记在山羊草中位点丰富;20个标记可以在卵穗山羊草中扩增出特异条带,说明在卵穗山羊草中有不同于另外两个亲本的特异SSR位点;将20个在卵穗山羊草亲本中有特异条带的标记应用于19株衍生后代中,发现有10个标记可以在衍生后代中扩增出特异条带,说明19株衍生后代中全部含有卵穗山羊草的遗传物质,这些特异引物可以继续应用于后代的检测中。本实验还对3个亲本材料和19株衍生后代进行了成株期白粉病抗性鉴定,结果显示,中国春和陕优225都是9级高感,卵穗山羊草是0级免疫,19株衍生后代中有3株(1-1,1-2,1-3)分别是7、8和8级感病,其余均为0级免疫,说明衍生后代的白粉病抗性完全遗传自卵穗山羊草亲本。     

血清11型鸭疫里默氏菌的分离鉴定

从同一发病鸭场间隔4天分离到两株鸭疫里默氏菌（RA1156和RA1157）,为比较他们的差异,采用平板凝集试验和琼扩试验鉴定血清型,纸片法测定耐药性,动物试验测定致病性。结果显示,两株鸭疫里默氏菌的血清型相同,均为11型;对樱桃谷鸭的致病性相同;对大多数药物的敏感性相同,RA1156对庆大霉素和青霉素敏感,而RA1157对庆大霉素和青霉素耐药。本试验确认了11型鸭疫里默氏菌在福建的存在,增添了福建省鸭疫里默氏菌的流行病学资料;与实验室人工诱导相比,体内的鸭疫里默氏菌更容易产生耐药性。     

The diversity of head-scab resistance in Triticeae and their relation to ecological conditions

1507 accessions from 93 species of 18 genera in Triticeae were screened for resistance to initial infection and resistance to pathogen spread with multi-floret and single-floret injection inoculation methods respectively. The accessions with high resistance were mainly found in perennial genera: Roegneria, Hystrix, Agropyron, Kengyilia and Elymus. Based on differences in resistance, 18 genera screened in Triticeae could be classified into five groups. The species with high resistance were mainly distributed in humid ecological environments. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

QTL analysis for the resistance to small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallén) in rice using backcross inbred lines

Small brown planthopper (SBPH) is a serious pest of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) in China. An indica variety 'Kasalath' is highly resistant to SBPH. A mapping population consisting of 98 BC₁F₉ lines, derived from a backcross of 'Nipponbare'/'Kasalath'//'Nipponbare', was applied to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to SBPH. In the modified seedbox screening test, three QTLs for SBPH resistance were mapped on chromosomes 3 and 11, explaining 49.9% of the phenotypic variance. In the antixenosis test, a total of three QTLs conferring antixenosis against SBPH were detected on chromosomes 3, 8 and 11, which accounted for 36.4% of the total phenotypic variance. In addition, two QTLs expressing antibiosis to SBPH were detected on chromosomes 2 and 11, explaining 13.8% and 14.7% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Qsbph11e , Qsbph11f and Qsbph11g were located in the region between S2260 and G257 on chromosome 11, indicating that the locus is significant in conferring resistance to SBPH in 'Kasalath'. The molecular markers linked to these QTLs should be useful in the development of varieties with horizontal resistance to SBPH.