育种咨询系统中的水稻杂交后代性状预测

杂交育种是一个很复杂的组合过程。由于指导育种的遗传学原理还远不够完善,因此,在实践中更多的是依赖育种家的经验和技巧,从而造成了育种工作中一定程度上的盲目性。为了提高育种效率,有必要发展一套为育种工作服务的咨询系统。利用它协助育种家收集数据、分析育种过程。本文重点阐述水稻杂交咨询系统研制中的杂交后代性状预测方法及原理。     

Research Progress on Function of Pig Bactericidal/Permeability-increasing Protein (BPI) and Its Application in Resistance Breeding

Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) has a strong effect on sterilization (mainly for G^- bacteria),neutralizing the activity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and enhancing the phagocytosis of mononuclear cells and neutrophils to pathogenic bacteria.The biological functions of BPI have been researched widely in recent years,which is known as "super antibiotic" and has been explored by many scholars as a candidate gene for resistance.This author summarized the research progress and application prospect of the BPI gene in the pig resistant breeding by introducing the structure,biological function of BPI gene and its relationship with the resistance,which was aimed to provide theoretical references and basis for the function research of pig BPI gene and its practical application in resistance breeding in future.     

Effect of Weaning Stress on Blood Physiology and Biochemistry Indexes and Immune Function in Dairy Buffalo Calves

To study the effect of weaning stress on dairy buffalo calves,5 healthy calves were chosen and weaned,and the blood samples were collected at 1 day before weaning,and 1,14 and 21 days after weaning to analysis blood physiology and biochemistry indexes and immune function.The results showed that the count of white blood cell,lymphocyte,erythrocyte,monocytes and hematocrit,aspartate aminotransferase activity,blood glucose,cortisol and immunoglobulin G contents of dairy buffalo calves were no significant difference between before and after weaning treatments (P > 0.05).The count of neutrophils at 21 d after weaning were significantly lower than that of 1 d before weaning of dairy buffalo calves (P < 0.05).However,lactate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase activity in weaned treatments were significantly higher than those of animals in the treatment before weaning (P < 0.05).The serum urea nitrogen of dairy buffalo calves at 21 d after weaning was significantly higher than that of 1 d before weaning (P < 0.05) and hemoglobin content at 21 d after weaning was significantly lower than that at 1 day before weaning (P < 0.05).It indicated that the physiological and immunity function of dairy buffalo calves were challenged under weaning stress.     

Protective Effect of Sulforaphane on Reproductive Function of Male Mice with Cadmium Poisoning

The study was aimed to explore the protective effect of sulforaphane (SFN) on the reproductive function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.40 healthy clean grade male Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups:control group (H₂O),cadmium chloride group (2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),sulforaphane group (10 mg/kg SFN),sulforaphane + cadmium chloride group (10 mg/kg SFN+2.3 mg/kg CdCl₂),and continuous administration for 10 d,all mice were executed by dislocated cervical vertebra at 2 d after the last administration,and then the pathologic changes of testicular tissues,organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis,sperm quality and concentration of testosterone were tested.Additionally,the contents of GSH and MDA,and the activities of T-SOD in testis were also detected at the same time. Compared with the control group,pathology damages were observed in cadmium chloride group,organ coefficient of testis and epididymis,sperm quality and levels of testosterone extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),the activities of T-SOD and GSH content were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly enhanced (P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the activity of T-SOD and concentration of GSH in sulforaphane group were significantly increased (P<0.05),and the concentration of MDA was not significant different between the control group and sulforaphane group (P>0.05).While compared with the cadmium chloride group,the sperm motility rate and sperm total count in sulforaphane and cadmium chloride group were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),the organ coefficient of testicle and epididymis was increased significantly (P<0.05),the concentration of GSH and activity of T-SOD in testicular tissue were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01),and the concentration of MDA was extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01).The results indicated that sulforaphane had the protection effect on reproduction function of male mice with cadmium poisoning.     

黄河兰州段湿地典型植物群落物种多样性研究

以黄河兰州段分布最广泛的芦苇-假苇拂子茅群落和酸模叶蓼-灰绿藜群落为研究对象,研究2个群落的植物物种组成和多样性特征。结果表明:芦苇群落有植物22种,隶属于13科20属,酸模叶蓼群落有植物24种,隶属于11科22属,2个群落的共种有10种,相似性系数为43.48%,菊科、禾本科、藜科、蓼科是该植物区系的优势科。物种多样性的分析说明2个群落的Pielou指数(J)波动比较小,Simpson指数(D)和Shannon-Wiener指数(H)均波动都比较大,并且H指数与J指数存在明显的正比例关系,而与D指数呈显著的反比例关系。方差分析表现出两群落S,H,D和J指数的差异并不明显,说明组成两群落的物种有一定的相似性和连续性,也存在着差异。     

Nanosize of zinc oxide and the effects on zinc digestibility,growth performances,immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of nanosize zinc on zinc digestibility, growth performances, immune response and serum parameters of weanling piglets. Ninety‐six LYD weanling piglets were assigned to control, zinc oxide (ZnO), organic‐Zn (Zn‐methionine) and nanosize ZnO (nano‐Zn) groups with four replicates. The zinc was at the 120 mg/kg level in the treatment group's diet, while the control group's was 80 mg/kg Zn. The experiment results indicated that the nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups had significantly higher Zn digestibility compared to the ZnO and control groups. For the immune response traits, the IgG level and goat red blood cells (GRBC) antibody titer were nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) challenge test result, nano‐Zn>organic‐Zn>ZnO>control; in regard to the γ‐globulin level, nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn>ZnO and control, with significant difference between groups. In the serum parameters aspect, serum Zn concentration in nano‐Zn and organic‐Zn groups were higher than in the ZnO and control groups, serum growth hormone concentration was increased in the nano‐Zn group than in the other groups. In conclusion, nanosize zinc oxide for dietary supplementation can increase zinc digestibility, serum growth hormone levels and carbonic anhydrase activity and enhance the immune response of weanling piglets.     

小蚕工厂化饲育技术体系的构建

小蚕工厂化饲育是适应现代蚕业标准化、规模化发展需要的新型小蚕饲育形式.本文从浙江省小蚕共育发展现状出发,分析了传统小蚕共育存在的问题,在结合当前小蚕生产中新技术新设备新模式实践基础上,提出了小蚕工厂化饲育技术概念,阐述了其与传统小蚕共育的联系、区别点,重点提出了小蚕工厂化饲育技术体系框架、技术要点与示范推广的前景.     

连翘精油的提取及其抗菌保鲜效果的研究

以连翘果实为原料提取连翘精油,设计正交实验确定最佳提取条件,进一步测定精油的抗菌作用及对圣女果的保鲜效果。结果表明:连翘果粉过60目筛,料液比1∶5g·mL~(-1),浸泡3h后在微波功率400W下加热8min,水蒸气蒸馏提取4h,所得连翘精油的提取率最高;体外抑菌试验表明,连翘精油对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有明显的抑制作用,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌能力更强。与对照组相比,2.00%连翘精油溶液处理大大降低了圣女果的烂果率、失重率和维生素C含量损失率,有效地保持了外观品质,提高了圣女果的货架寿命。     

苹果果实表皮总蛋白提取及双向电泳方法的优化

以苹果果实表皮为试材,采用3种方法提取果实表皮总蛋白,并对双向电泳(2-DE)操作体系进行优化。结果表明:改良酚提法适于苹果果实表皮总蛋白的提取,优化后的2-DE分离体系为预制IPG胶条18cm pH 4~7,上样量600μg,改进后的等电聚焦程序,浓度16%的分离胶,适于苹果果实表皮总蛋白的2-DE分离。     

不同低温春化天数和赤霉素处理对解除洋桔梗莲座化的影响

以2个洋桔梗品种"雪莱香槟"(‘Ceremony Orange’)和"露西塔I白底粉边"(‘Rosita I Pink Picotee’)为试材,研究了育苗期种子低温(10℃)春化处理天数(35、28、21、14、0d)及栽培期赤霉素处理对解除洋桔梗莲座化的影响,探寻了生产上解除洋桔梗莲座化技术。结果表明:2个品种低温春化处理28d均能提高种子发芽率。定植60d后,低温春化处理35d洋桔梗‘Ceremony Orange’抽薹率最高,达72.9%;低温春化处理28d‘Rosita I Pink Picotee’抽薹率最高,达89.6%。栽培期对未经种子低温春化处理的洋桔梗‘Ceremony Orange’莲座化苗进行赤霉素处理(处理浓度为0、50、100、150mg·L~(-1)),100mg·L~(-1)赤霉素处理对促进洋桔梗节间的伸长有明显作用,抽薹率达70.5%,可以有效打破莲座化。比较2种解除莲座化的处理效果,生产上解除洋桔梗莲座化方法可首选种子低温春化处理,该方法上花时间比栽培期赤霉素处理提早2个多月;栽培期赤霉素处理可以作为种子低温春化未打破莲座化的辅助措施。