家庭猪场防控非洲猪瘟的关键点分析

非洲猪瘟对家庭猪场的生产稳定性带来极大的挑战。文章分析了家庭猪场防控非洲猪瘟存在的问题及对关键点针对性的防控措施。     

基于WSN的水环境监控系统设计

针对湿地水环境监控需求,采用CC2530芯片设计无线传感器网络终端节点,基于Z-Stack协议栈构建局域自组织无线网络,水体监测传感器的终端节点采集的数据最终汇聚到由CC2531和ARM构建的协调器上,经GPRS与远程上位机客户端建立通信链接并接入互联网络。该系统可以广泛应用于湿地等大范围环境监控,具有成本低、便于维护和节约人力资源等优点。     

Screening of Probiotics Inhibiting E. coli K88 in vitro

The probiotics tested in the experiment were isolated from the intestinal of weaning piglets.The isolated probiotics and E.coli K88 were inoculated into the culture of intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1 (IPEC-1).The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant was measured after incubating for 2.5 h.At the same time, the probiotics and E.coli K88 were co-cultured in vitro, the number of E.coli K88 was counted and the probiotics which could be resistant to the E.coli K88 were selected 2.5 h later.The results showed that the Lactobacillus casei and Bacillus coagulans could significantly reduce LDH activity (P<0.05), decrease the damage of E.coli K88; Bacillus coagulans could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88.At the same time, Bacillus coagulans could resist high temperature, acid and bile salt.The results showed that Bacillus coagulans strains had great potential as the application of probiotics strains.The methods could be used as a model of screen probiotics which could inhibit the growth of E.coli K88 in vitro.     

Pyruvate kinase is necessary for Brucella abortus full virulence in BALB/c mouse

Brucellosis, caused by a facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella, is one of the most prevalent zoonosis worldwide. Host infection relies on several uncanonical virulence factors. A recent research hotpot is the links between carbon metabolism and bacterial virulence. In this study, we found that a carbon metabolism-related pyruvate kinase (Pyk) encoded by pyk gene (locus tag BAB_RS24320) was associated with Brucella virulence. Determination of bacterial growth curves and resistance to environmental stress factors showed that Pyk plays an important role in B. abortus growth, especially under the conditions of nutrition deprivation, and resistance to oxidative stress. Additionally, cell infection assay showed that Pyk is necessary for B. abortus survival and evading fusion with lysosomes within RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, animal experiments exhibited that the Pyk deletion significantly reduced B. abortus virulence in a mouse infection model. Our results elucidated the role of the Pyk in B. abortus virulence and provided information for further investigation of Brucella virulence associated carbon metabolism.     

Association between porpoise presence and fish choruses: implications for feeding strategies and ecosystem-based conservation of the East Asian finless porpoise

The associations between feeding activities and environmental variables inform animal feeding tactics that maximize energetic gains by minimizing energy costs while maximizing feeding success. Relevant studies in aquatic animals, particularly marine mammals, are scarce due to difficulties in the observation of feeding behaviors in aquatic environments. This data scarcity concurrently hinders ecosystem-based fishery management in the context of small toothed-cetacean conservation. In the present study, a passive acoustic monitoring station was deployed in an East Asian finless porpoise habitat in Laizhou Bay to investigate potential relationships between East Asian finless porpoises and their prey. The data revealed that porpoises were acoustically present nearly every day during the survey period. Porpoise detection rates differed between spring and autumn in concert with activities of fish choruses. During spring, fish choruses were present throughout the afternoon, and this was the time when porpoise vocalizations were the most frequently detected. During autumn, when fish choruses were absent, porpoise detection rates decreased, and diurnal patterns were not detected. The close association between fish choruses and finless porpoise activities implies an “eavesdropping” feeding strategy to maximize energetic gains, similar to other toothed cetaceans that are known to engage similar feeding strategies. Underwater noise pollution, particularly those masking fish choruses, could interrupt finless porpoises’ feeding success. Fisheries competing soniferous fishes with finless porpoise could impact finless porpoise viability through ecosystem disruption, in addition to fishing gear entanglement.     

坡度和采挖强度对玉树冬虫夏草幼虫数量和采挖数量的影响

【目的】研究人工采挖和自然坡度对冬虫夏草数量的影响。【方法】通过对不同采挖强度 S₁ (2 人/hm² )、S₂ (4 人/hm² )和 S₃ (6 人/hm² )和产区自然坡度(G₁,7°;G2,17°;G3,25°)下冬虫夏草幼虫数量和采挖数量进行调查,分析采挖强度和产区坡度对幼虫数量和冬虫夏草采挖量的影响。【结果】采挖强度和坡度与幼虫数量和冬虫夏草采挖数量均呈显著负相关关系(P＜0. 05);采挖强度和幼虫数量相关度高(r ² =-0. 45,r ² =-0. 58),坡度和冬虫夏草采挖数量相关度高(r ² =-0. 74,r ² =-0. 78),采挖强度和坡度互作对幼虫数量和采挖数量影响不显著(P＞0. 05)。不同采挖强度下,幼虫数量和冬虫夏草采挖数量均为 CK=S₁＞S₂＞S₃( P＜0. 05);不同坡度下,幼虫数量和冬虫夏草采挖数量均为 CK=G₁＞G₂＞ G₃( P＜0. 05);且在各个采挖强度下,随坡度的增加,幼虫数量和冬虫夏草采挖数量均呈显著降低趋势 (P＜0. 05)。 此外 ,冬虫夏草采挖数量显著地受蝙蝠蛾幼虫数量的影响且呈正相关(P＜0. 05)。 【结论】 S₁采挖强度、G₁小坡度适合幼虫数量的增长和冬虫夏草的采挖数量,且不影响翌年冬虫夏草的产量。然而,采挖活动有可能对草地的土壤、幼虫喜食性牧草、冬虫夏草真菌孢子的弹射等产生综合影响,土壤的理化性质会影响蝠蛾寄主幼虫的存活状态,冬虫夏草菌孢子的弹射量也会影响冬虫夏草的形成。     

高原鼠兔对高寒草甸冬季牧场中土壤C∶N∶P化学计量特征的影响

【目的】从小尺度的斑块状栖息地角度出发分析高原鼠兔干扰及不同干扰强度对植被覆盖区土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（STN）和全磷（STP）含量的影响,有助于全面理解小型食草动物对草地土壤化学计量特征的影响。【方法】以高原鼠兔为研究对象,测定高原鼠兔栖息地及栖息地不同植被覆盖区土壤的 SOC、STN、STP 含量及土壤 C∶N∶P 化学计量特征的变化。【结果】与未干扰植被覆盖区相比,高原鼠兔栖息地植被覆盖区的 STN 含量和 N∶P 显著下降（P＜0. 05）,C∶N 显著增加（P＜0. 05）,但 SOC 和 STP 含量及 C∶P 没有发生显著变化;STN 和 SOC 含量、C∶P 和 N∶P 在高原鼠兔干扰最大的核心区最低,干扰强度最小的边缘区最高;C∶N 在干扰强度适中的次核心区最高,边缘区最低;而 STP 含量在不同干扰强度的植被覆盖区没有显著差异。【结论】高原鼠兔干扰及干扰强度会对其领地内植被覆盖区的土壤化学计量特征产生影响。高原鼠兔斑块状栖息地中土壤化学计量特征的变化可能是影响植物丰富度的因素之一。     

烯效唑延缓小麦成熟期间叶片衰老的效应

１９８９～１９９２年田间与盆栽试验，研究烯效唑对小麦成熟期间旗叶及下二叶等三片功能叶衰老的延缓作用和增产效果。研究表明：１．烯效唑延缓小麦成熟期间功能叶片的衰老，表现在叶片细胞电解质渗漏率降低，超氧物歧化酶活性增高，丙二醛积累减少；２．烯效唑对离休旗叶片有保绿作用；于小麦齐穗期喷施２０～４０×１０－６，烯效唑药液７５０ｋｇ／ｈｍ２，可提高小麦千粒重３～４ｇ，增产１２％～１６％。