基于B/S模式的科研院所科研项目信息管理系统

本文主要介绍了一套针对于科研院科研项目管理的B/S模式的科研项目管理系统的设计思路与构成,系统主要包括项目申请、立项、实施、检查、验收等环节的全过程管理与项目资金使用的实时管理,它的建立将有效地提升科研院所日常科研工作的管理效率与信息化水平。     

Temporal changes in seabird assemblage structure and trait diversity in the Rapa Nui (Easter Island) multiple-use marine protected area

1. For Rapa Nui (Easter Island) and its largest islet, Motu Nui, the change of the species assemblage over time was analysed, and a trait-based approach to evaluate the potential losses in seabird function across the past centuries was applied. At a finer scale, the seasonal changes in seabird species composition in the current seabird assemblage was assessed to better understand the dynamics of the long-term inferred patterns.
2. For Rapa Nui, the composition of the seabird assemblage between the prehistorical, historical, and current time has changed significantly. The most critical change, probably associated with human colonization, was observed between prehistoric and current times. The current diminished number of nesting seabird species was probably the result of local extirpation without evidence of colonization by new species.
3. For Motu Nui, changes in species composition were also followed by changes in trait structure, which were smaller than observed in Rapa Nui. This is probably due to the presence of a relatively high number of related species (i.e. Procellariids) with high similarities in their foraging behaviour.
4. The nesting seabird assemblages in Rapa Nui and Motu Nui differ in exposure to risk; thus, conservation strategies applied to the islands should be planned on a fine spatial scale. For Rapa Nui, which is an urban wildlife area with several invasive species and a low number of remaining native seabird species, management should focus on fencing and pets control. For Motu Nui, management should instead focus on the establishment of quarantine and other biosecurity tools to avoid both the entry and proliferation of new invasive species.

     

基于因子分析法的盐池县粮食生产影响因素分析

在构建盐池县粮食总产量评价指标体系的基础上,应用因子分析法首先对盐池县25 a粮食总产量与影响因子进行分析与评价:影响单产的主要5个主成分,因子1由投入因子决定;因子2由光温因子决定;因子3由生育期因子决定;因子4由降水量因子决定;因子5主要Fh风害因子决定.各因子各自占的比例分别为38.755 9%、17.985 2%、10.872 8%、11.888 4%、10.479 9%,盐池县粮食总产量主要是依靠第一因子.总体评价最好为2004年,最差为1984年.并针对盐池县粮食总产量发展的现状的提出相应的对策.     

Bioavailability of organoclay formulations of atrazine in soil

Pesticide formulations based on organoclays have been proposed to prolong the efficacy and reduce the environmental impact of pesticides in soil. This research addressed the question of whether atrazine in organoclay-based formulations is irreversibly sorbed or is bioavailable for bacterial degradation in soil. Different cations of l-carnitine (CAR), tyramine (TYRAM), hexadimethrine (HEXADIM), phenyltrimethylammonium (PTMA), hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA), and Fe(III) were incorporated into Na-rich Wyoming montmorillonite (SWy-2) and Ca-rich Arizona montmorillonite (SAz-1) at 100% of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the clays as a strategy to enhance the affinity of the clay minerals for atrazine. A Buse loam soil from Becker, MN, was treated with three organoclay-based formulations of 14C-atrazine or free herbicide and incubated for 2 weeks. To determine the bioavailability of 14C-atrazine, the soil was inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP, which rapidly mineralizes atrazine. At day 0, and after a 2 week incubation, mineralization and the amount of 14C-atrazine residues distributed between the aqueous-extractable, methanol-extractable, and bound fractions in the soil were determined to characterize the availability of nonaged and aged atrazine residues. By the end of the 2 week incubation, the microorganisms had mineralized >80% of the initial readily available (water-extractable) and >70% of the less readily available (methanol-extractable) 14C-atrazine in the soil. Bound residues increased from <4% at day 0 to ～17% after the 2 week incubation for both the formulated and free forms of atrazine. The results of these incubation experiments show that the bioavailabilities of atrazine were similar in the case of the organoclay formulations and as free atrazine. This indicated that whereas more atrazine was sorbed and less likely to be transported in soil, when formulated as organoclay complexes, it was ultimately accessible to degrading bacteria, so that the herbicide is likely to be naturally attenuated by soil microorganisms.     

棉花差别化育种技术简述

通过介绍江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所棉花前辈韩世杰等的棉花差别化育种技术,简述了棉花差别化育种技术形成的再研究、哲学应用、立体创新三大特点,供棉花同仁在工作中借鉴和进一步探讨。     

新陆中70号的选育与栽培要点

由新疆塔里木河种业股份有限公司选育的新陆中70号(原代号TH-08-824),在2011―2012年新疆维吾尔自治区早中熟棉区域试验和2013年新疆维吾尔自治区早中熟棉生产试验中,表现出高产稳产、早熟性好、纤维品质优良的特性。本文根据新陆中70号生物学特性,提出了其栽培技术要点。     

常绿果树体细胞胚胎发生体系研究进展

通过总结国内外常绿果树体胚发生体系研究现状,介绍了体细胞胚胎发生体系的建立,综述了体细胞胚胎发生过程的主要影响因素、生理生化机制及遗传稳定性的研究进展,提出目前体细胞胚胎发生体系研究存在的问题和今后展望,以期为今后常绿果树体胚发生体系研究及实际应用提供参考价值。     

不同蝽类为害对大豆生长发育及产量影响的差异性分析

为明确不同类群蝽象为害对大豆生长发育及产量影响的差异性,本研究将筛豆龟蝽Megacopta cribraria Fabricius(龟蝽科Plataspidae)、苜蓿盲蝽Adelphocoris lineolatus Goeze(盲蝽科Miridae)、壁蝽Piezodorus rubrofasciatus Fabricius(蝽科Pentatomidae)、稻绿蝽Nezara viridula Linnaeus(蝽科Pentatomidae)、点蜂缘蝽Riptortus pedestris Fabricius(缘蝽科Coreidae)5种蝽象接在花荚期的健康大豆植株上,观察其刺吸为害对大豆生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明:不同类群蝽象为害对大豆植株的生长发育及产量均产生显著影响,在大豆开花结荚期短期为害即可对大豆豆荚生长产生较大影响。其中,不同蝽象种类为害大豆植株,株高、茎节数、单株荚粒数及百粒重等均表现出显著差异性。壁蝽、稻绿蝽和点蜂缘蝽的持续为害程度显著重于苜蓿盲蝽和筛豆龟蝽。这种差异与蝽象取食习性及其口器特征相关,其喙的长度及口针宽度与单株相对结荚率和产量均呈显著负相关。     

良好农业操作规范（GAP）在绿茶生产中的应用

介绍了良好农业操作规范(GAP)的理念、国外发展现状及其快速发展的原因,分析了良好农业操作规范理念优势和绿茶生产实施GAP的必要性,并对制定中国绿茶GAP提出了建议。     

基于作物生长模型与机器学习算法的区域冬小麦估产

为精准、高效、实时地实现区域冬小麦产量估算,以河南省鹤壁市淇县桥盟乡石桥村为研究区,基于分辨率10 m的Sentinel-2多时相光学遥感影像,利用集合卡尔曼滤波(Ensemble Kalman filter, EnKF)算法同化PROSAIL辐射传输模型反演的多期叶面积指数(Leaf area index, LAI)到PyWOFOST作物生长模型中实现一定数量不同长势单点产量的估测,最后利用建立的机器学习模型和面域数据反演区域冬小麦产量,实现作物生长模型与机器学习算法的应用耦合及一种新的区域冬小麦估产模式。研究基于Sobol参数敏感性分析法量化对贮藏器官总干重质量(Total dry weight of storage organs, TWSO)与LAI_max的敏感性参数,并基于反演的多期LAI和粒子群优化(Particle swarm optimization, PSO)算法优化与LAI_max相关的TDWI、TBASE、CVS、CVL敏感性参数,将其输入到PyWOFOST模型中,利用EnKF算法和时序LAI数据调整对TWSO相关的AMAX...