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961.
Haejeen Bang Dong Youn Cho Kil-Sun Yoo Moo-Kyoung Yoon Bhimanagouda S. Patil Sunggil Kim 《Euphytica》2011,179(3):439-449
In order to implement reliable marker-assisted selection systems for the restorer-of-fertility locus (Ms) in onions (Allium cepa L.), simple PCR-based codominant markers linked to the Ms locus were developed. Based on the EST probe sequences of previously reported RFLP markers, full-length genomic sequences
of the gene encoding putative oligopeptide transporter (OPT) was obtained by RACE. The first intron contained two 108 and
439-bp indel polymorphisms between the two Ms allele-linked OPT alleles. A simple PCR marker for OPT was developed by designing a primer pair on the flanking regions of
the 108-bp indel which is created by two tandem repeats. The second simple PCR marker was developed from the EST probe encoding
photosystem I subunit O (PsaO). Two 14 and 39-bp tandem repeats were identified from the 5′ upstream sequences of the PsaO-coding
gene, which were isolated by genome walking. Three different compositions of these tandem repeats were identified from diverse
onion germplasm. A primer set binding to the flanking sequence of these polymorphic repeats was used to amplify three different
marker haplotypes. The OPT marker was tightly linked to the Ms locus at a distance of 1.5 cM, but the analysis of the linkage relationship showed little linkage disequilibrium between
the marker and the Ms locus. Even so, these simple PCR markers are valuable tools for the marker-assisted selection of segregating individuals
in onion F1 hybrid breeding programs. 相似文献
962.
Abbas Rezaeizad Benjamin Wittkop Rod Snowdon Maen Hasan Valiollah Mohammadi Abbas Zali Wolfgang Friedt 《Euphytica》2011,177(3):335-342
Association mapping identifies quantitative trait loci (QTLs) by examining the marker-trait associations that can be attributed
to the strength of linkage disequilibrium between markers and functional polymorphisms across a set of diverse germplasm.
In this study, association mapping was performed to detect QTL-linked and genome wide SSR markers linked to phenolic compounds
of extraction meal in a population of 49 genetically diverse oilseed rape cultivars of dark-seeded, winter-type oilseed rape
accessions. Correction for population structure was performed using 559 genome wide SSR markers. Results showed that seed
colour is an important contributor to seed meal quality. Totally, 52 SSR markers linked to phenolic compounds were detected,
five of them being QTL linked markers. Some of these markers were already mapped on Brassica napus chromosomes that contain known QTL controlling oilseed rape meal quality traits. Our results demonstrate that association
mapping is a useful approach to complement and enhance previous QTL information for marker-assisted selection. 相似文献
963.
Hordeum chilense Roem. et Schult. is a diploid wild South American barley that contains genes of interest for cereal breeding, many of them
located on chromosome 1Hch. In the current study, two H. chilense-wheat addition lines with deletions in the 1Hch chromosome were used for sub-arm localization of five prolamin (glutenin and gliadin) loci and 33 EST-SSR marker loci on
chromosome 1Hch. The two sets of markers were distributed across five sub-arm chromosome regions. Three glutenin loci (Glu-H
ch
2, Glu-H
ch
3, Glu-H
ch
4) together with the gliadin locus Gli-H
ch
1 were located on the distal 20% of the 1HchS arm, whereas the glutenin locus Glu-H
ch
1 was on the proximal 88% region of 1HchL. Among 33 EST-SSR marker loci, 7 (21.2%) were on the 1HchS arm and, of them, 3 (9.1%) were on the distal 20% end and 4 (12.1%) on the proximal 80% region. The 26 loci (78.8%) on 1HchL were distributed across three different regions: 18 (78.8%) in the proximal 88%, 3 (9.1%) in the distal 12% and 5 (15.2%)
in a region less than 12% from the distal end. The deletions in the 1Hch chromosome added to the common wheat background were thus shown to be useful for determining the sub-arm location of EST-SSR
and prolamin loci. This could facilitate the identification of molecular markers linked to genes of agronomic interest and
the isolation of such genes for use in common wheat improvement. 相似文献
964.
Fei Zhang Sumei Chen Fadi Chen Weimin Fang Yanming Deng Qingshan Chang Pusheng Liu 《Euphytica》2011,177(1):15-24
The inheritance of two flowering traits of chrysanthemum, initial blooming time and the duration of flowering, was investigated
using segregation within an F
1 population derived from a cross between the autumn-flowering ‘Yuhualuoying’ and the summer-flowering ‘Aoyunhanxiao’ cultivars.
The analysis, based on a single segregating generation and the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model, showed that
the inheritance of both traits was compatible with the presence of two pairs of major genes displaying additivity–dominance–epistasis,
with additivity predominating. As the heritability of both pairs of major genes was high (initial blooming time ~65%, duration
of flowering ~72%), it should be possible to select for both traits in early breeding generations. A marker-trait association
analysis based on sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) genotyping uncovered 10 (initial blooming time) and 12 (duration
of flowering) markers significantly associated with phenotype, cumulatively explaining, respectively, 46 and 54% of the variation.
Some potentially useful markers were identified. 相似文献
965.
Soybean oil content QTL mapping and integrating with meta-analysis method for mining genes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Zhao-ming Qi Qiong Wu Xue Han Ya-nan Sun Xiang-yu Du Chun-yan Liu Hong-wei Jiang Guo-hua Hu Qing-shan Chen 《Euphytica》2011,179(3):499-514
Oil content of soybean was a valuable quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes. Eleven QTLs were detected by both CIM
and MIM method with the population crossed between Charleston and Dong nong594 in recent 3 years (2007, 2008, 2009). Combining
the QTLs collected over the past 20 years, an integrated map of oil-content major QTLs in soybean was established using soymap2,
which was published in 2004, as a reference. Using the software BioMercator ver.2.1, QTLs were projected from their own maps
onto the reference map. In total, ninety-eight QTLs were integrated into soymap2. A meta-analysis method was used to narrow
down the confidence interval, and 20 consensus QTLs and their corresponding markers were obtained. Using a local version of
GENSCAN, 10,137 sequences in the consensus QTL intervals were predicted. With BLAST, these predicted genes were compared to
the International Protein Index database to mine the related genes. The results offer a basis for gene mining and molecular
breeding in soybean. 相似文献
966.
Hamidreza Nooryazdan Hervé Serieys Jacques David Roberto Bacilieri André J. Bervillé 《Euphytica》2011,178(2):159-175
The genetic base of sunflower elite lines is very narrow, due to many years of selection and breeding. To broaden the genetic
diversity of the cultivated sunflower, in 1995 73 wild sunflower populations were crossed with 3 cultivated lines (Testers),
and 219 hybrid offspring’s were evaluated in the field. GCA and SCA effects were computed suggesting for all traits a genetic
potential for improvement through selection. Study of the hybrids revealed that the wild accessions bear different genetic
abilities to combine with the testers for traits of morphological architecture, phenology and yield (seed weight and seed
oil). The variance due to GCA and SCA showed that gene action was additive for days to flowering, branching and plant height.
Genotypes derived from the same geographic origin may have either good or poor general combing ability. The correlation between
GCA and per se genotype performance was positive for all traits except for seed oil content. This was the first attempt to evaluate wild-cultivated
hybrids in sunflower on a large scale and will be the starting point for the management of hybrid Helianthus annuus populations for breeding. GCA and SCA estimations will facilitate the definition of strategies to manage and exploit the
natural diversity for this crop. 相似文献
967.
Genetic impacts under selective breeding of agricultural crops have been frequently investigated with molecular tools, but
inadequate attention has been paid to assess genetic changes under long-term genetic improvement of plant traits. Here we
analyzed allelic changes with respect to wheat trait improvement in 78 Canadian hard red spring wheat cultivars released from
1845 to 2004 and screened with 370 mapped SSR markers. The improvements in quality, maturity, yield, disease, stem rust, leaf
rust, sawfly resistance, and agronomy were considered. A total of 154 (out of 370) loci with significant allelic changes across
21 chromosomes were detected in the 78 wheat cultivars separated into improved versus non-improved groups for eight traits.
The number of significant loci for improving a trait ranged from four for quality to 68 for yield and averaged 35. Many more
loci with significant allelic reduction for improving a trait were detected than those with significant allelic increase.
Selection for early maturity introduced more alleles, but improving the other traits purged more alleles. Significantly lower
numbers of unique alleles were found in the cultivars with improved traits. The distributions of unique allele counts also
varied greatly across the 21 chromosomes with respect to trait improvement. Significant SSR variation between two cultivar
groups was observed for improvement in seven traits, but not in stem rust. The proportional SSR variation residing between
two groups ranged from 0.014 to 0.118. The proportional SSR variations within the improved cultivar groups consistently were
much lower than those within the non-improved groups. These findings clearly demonstrate the association between allelic changes
and wheat trait improvements and are useful for understanding the genetic modification of the wheat genome by long-term wheat
breeding. 相似文献
968.
This paper offers projections of potential effects of climate change on rusts of wheat and how we should factor in a changing
climate when planning for the future management of these diseases. Even though the rusts of wheat have been extensively studied
internationally, there is a paucity of information on the likely effects of a changing climate on the rusts and their influence
on wheat production. Due to the lack of published empirical research we relied on the few published studies of other plant
diseases, our own unpublished work and relevant information from the vast literature on rusts of wheat to prepare this overview.
Three broad areas of potential risks from a changing climate were described: increased loss from wheat rusts, new rust pathotypes
evolving faster and the reduced effectiveness of rust resistances. Increased biomass of wheat crops grown in the presence
of elevated CO2 concentrations and higher temperatures will increase the leaf area available for attack by the pathogen leading to increased
inoculum production. If changed weather conditions were to accelerate the life cycle of a pathogen, the increased inoculum
can lead to severe rust epidemics in many environments. Likewise should the effects of climate change result in more conducive
conditions for rust development there will also be a corresponding increase in the rate of evolution of new pathotypes which
could increase the rate of appearance of new virulences. The effectiveness of some rust resistance genes is influenced by
temperature and crop development stage. Climate change may directly or indirectly influence the effectiveness of some resistance
genes but this can not be ascertained due to a complete lack of knowledge. Since disease resistance breeding is a long term
strategy it is important to determine if any of the important genes may become less effective due to climate change. Studies
must be made to acquire new information on the rust disease triangle to increase the adaptive capacity of wheat under climate
change. Leadership within the Borlaug Global Rust Initiative (BGRI) is needed to broker research on rust evolution and the
durability of resistance under climate change. 相似文献
969.
Five inbred lines, 10 single cross maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids and two standard cultivars as check were used to study the combining abilities and heterosis under three environmental
conditions. Random amplified polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs) markers were used to study the genetic diversity (GD) and further to
analyze relationship of RAPDs based GD with combining ability and heterosis in short duration maize. Spearman’s rank correlation
coefficients and linear regressions were analyzed to identify the most important factor determining heterosis and per se performance
of the hybrids. Variances due to general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) and their interactions
with environment were found to be significant. Twenty random primers generated 179 RAPD fragments. Of these, 102 RAPD fragments
were polymorphic. GD was determined using Jaccard’s similarity coefficient, and a dendogram was constructed by UPGMA cluster
analysis. The RAPDs based GD exhibited non-significant negative or positive association, non-significant linear regression
along with very low coefficient of determination (R
2) with SCA, high and mid parent heterosis (HP and MP) and per se performance of the hybrids. Significant positive correlations
and regressions along with high coefficients of determination were recorded for SCA with HP, MP and per se performance of
the hybrids. The HP and MP also established significant positive association and linear regression along with high coefficient
of determination with per se performance of hybrids whereas the parental mean did not establish any significant correlations
with the GD, HPH, MPH and grain yield of F1s. The present investigation, therefore, did not find any role of RAPDs based GD in determining hybrid heterosis and hybrid
performance in short duration sub-tropical maize. The SCA, however, has emerged as the most important factor in determination
of heterosis as well as per se performance of the hybrids in short duration maize. 相似文献
970.
Tomatoes are the most important vegetable, globally as well as in Germany. Outdoor tomato production is seriously impaired
due to increasing infections with evolving late blight (Phytophthora infestans) populations. Within organic agriculture, research is being conducted to develop regionally adapted and open pollinated cultivars
of outdoor tomatoes with late blight field resistance. In the present experiment, three crosses, including wild, cocktail,
and beefsteak tomatoes, were selected for field resistance against late blight in F2 at one location per cross. The comparison of positive and negative selection in F3 revealed the selection of single F2 plants to be efficient in all three crosses. F2 selection has proved to be a robust and efficient tool for breeding programs. The correlated response to selection in other
traits, including yield, fruit weight, days to maturity, harvest period, and plant height, depended on the cross. It was evident
that selection for desired traits combined with field resistance against late blight is promising, even in wide crosses. The
most undesired attribute of wild tomatoes is the formation of shoots on leaves and in inflorescences. No correlation was observed
between field resistance and shoot formation, allowing the selection of genotypes with improved field resistance and yield,
but without morphological disadvantages. 相似文献