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81.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and morphologic features of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL) in the Polish Owczarek Nizinny (PON) breed of dog. ANIMALS: Nine Swedish PON dogs of both sexes were included in the study. PROCEDURE: All dogs underwent a detailed clinical evaluation, with emphasis on ophthalmic exams. Histopathology and electron microscopy were performed on the eyes, brain and various internal organs. Immunohistochemical staining for detection of sphingolipid activator proteins (SAPs) and mitochondrial ATP synthase (SCMAS) was performed on the eyes and brain. RESULTS: The dogs showed behavioral abnormalities, motor disturbances and visual impairment or blindness. Pupillary responses were abnormal while fundus changes varied from normal to severe retinal atrophy. Electroretinography (ERG) showed variable changes, from slight alterations in the process of dark adaptation to severely reduced or nonrecordable ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes. Histopathology revealed intracytoplasmic storage bodies within neurons of the brain and in retinal cells, especially the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Round to oval granular type of inclusion bodies, known as granular osmiophilic dense deposits (GRODS), were found in neuronal cells in the brain and in the retina. Immunohistochemistry identified the storage material in the brain and retina as consisting of SAPs. CONCLUSION: The presently described NCL disease in PON dogs shows similarities to previously recorded cases in the Miniature Schnauzer. The closest human equivalent to this disease is infantile NCL (CLN1), in which the major stored proteins are SAPs and the ultrastructure of the inclusion bodies of neuronal cells is granular. 相似文献
82.
W. Wolters Nadi Selim Ghobrial H. M. Van Leeuwen M. G. Bos 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1989,3(2):103-123
A study of the water balances of The Fayoum irrigated lands and Lake Qarun was made to investigate the management of the irrigation
system and the efficiency of irrigation water use. The two water balances are strongly interrelated. The drainage flow to
Lake Qarun and the water level of the Lake are in delicate balance. A rise in Lake level causes the inundation of adjacent
land. Management of The Fayoum water balance assumes control over irrigation water flows, but this control has technical and
organizational limitations.
Also discussed is the influence of irrigation practices in The Fayoum on the water balance (e.g., the autumn flushing of fields
and farmers' preference for not irrigating at night in winter).
Notwithstanding a high overall efficiency, irrigation efficiency during the winter is low. The reasons for this are given,
together with the constraints against improving system management.
Improved uniformity of the division and application of irrigation water will enable a better technical control of flows and
will result in better water management in The Fayoum.
Abbreviations: FID — Fayoum Irrigation Department, 1 feddan (fe) — 0.4 ha, 1 mcm — 1 million cubic metres: an average annual flow of 3.17
m3/s gives 100 mcm, m3/fe.year — supplied volume (m3) per surface area (fe) per year: 1000 m3/fe.year equals 240 mm/year, MSL — Mean Sea Level 相似文献
83.
W. G. M. Bastiaanssen T. Van der Wal T. N. M. Visser 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1996,10(1):1-23
The success of water management in large irrigation schemes with composites of soil, crop, wetness and micro-meteorological conditions is difficult to quantify. Performance assessment indicators, being among others a function of evaporation, are useful tools to evaluate the actual functioning of an irrigation system. The inevitable spatial variability of evaporation in large irrigation schemes makes its determination with conventional point measurements almost impossible. A new remote sensing evaporation parameterization algorithm has been tested with high resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper data for the Eastern Nile Delta, Egypt. Although the implementation of such an algorithm requires assumptions to be made, the current case study shows that these assumptions do not hamper the estimation of actual and potential evaporation at regional scale. The actual evaporation has been used to express the uniformity of crop water use which is related to the equity of irrigation water distribution. The coefficient of variance in actual evaporation between 53 differenent irrigation districts is 10% on average. The relative evaporation was considered to determine whether the crop was adequately irrigated. The relative evaporation was more than 75% for 48 out of 53 irrigation districts. It is concluded, that improved information on actual crop growth conditions through remote sensing provides an essential insight into the planning of real-time and seasonal irrigation water deliveries. 相似文献
84.
P. J. T. Van Bakel 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1988,2(2):125-137
The use of drainage systems for supplementary irrigation is widespread in The Netherlands. One of the operating policies is to raise the surface water level during the growing season in order to reduce drainage (water conservation) or to create subsurface irrigation. This type of operation is based on practical experience, which can be far from optimal.To obtain better founded operational water management rules a total soil water/surface water model was built. In a case study the effects of using the drainage system in a dual-purpose manner on the arable crop production were simulated with the model. Also, the operational rules for managing this type of dual-purpose drainage systems were derived.The average annual simulated increase in crop transpiration due to water conservation and water supply for subsurface irrigation are 6.0 and 5.4 mm.y–1, respectively. This is equivalent with 520 × 103 and 460 × 103 Dfl.y–1 for the pilot region (2 Dfl 1 US $). The corresponding investments and operational costs are 600 × 103 Dfl and 9 × 103 Dfl.y–1 for water conservation and 3200 × 103 Dfl and 128 × 103 Dfl.y–1 for subsurface irrigation. Hence, water conservation is economically very profitable, whereas subsurface irrigation is less attractive.Comparing the management according to the model with current practice in a water-board during 1983 and 1986 learned that benefits can increase with some 50 and 500 Dfl per ha per year, respectively. 相似文献
85.
Water balance estimates of evaporation from ponded rice fields in a semi-arid region 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Evaporation from ponded rice grown on fine-textured soils was calculated using a simple water balance equation, and compared with pan evaporation measured at a regional meteorological station. Crop/pan (Er/Ep) evaporation ratios showed seasonal trends, with values generally exceeding unity during the mid- to late-season ponding period. Mid-summer ratios of Er/Ep for two experimental fields were not significantly different from those reported in a previous study using a different experimental technique, but were higher on a third. On the average, evaporation over the whole ponding period equalled that from a Class A pan. The assumption that the infiltration or seepage term of the water balance may be neglected for fine-textured soils would seriously overestimate Er on one of the three experimental sites. 相似文献
86.
Godelieve Gheysen Walter Van der Eycken Nathalie Barthels Mansour Karimi Marc Van Montagu 《Pest management science》1996,47(1):95-101
The molecular interactions between plants and sedentary nematodes are undergoing intense study, not only for reasons of fundamental research but also for the potential benefits to agriculture. The present technology allows the transformation of an increasing number of crop plants, providing new ways to introduce resistance against plant-parasitic nematodes. The ability of sedentary nematodes to induce specialized feeding sites in plant roots is one of the most fascinating aspects of this host–parasite interaction. Molecular approaches have been initiated to identify and characterize plant genes altered in expression after infection by sedentary nematodes. The results obtained indicate that many genes indeed become up-regulated upon nematode infection. Surprisingly, several so-called constitutive promoters that are normally used to achieve high expression in plant cells are completely ‘silenced’ in the feeding sites within days after nematode infection. Generally, there are two options available for the genetic engineering of nematode resistance: the synthesis of anti-nematode proteins or the localized production of a cytotoxic protein that interferes with the development of feeding cells. Nematode-induced promoters are very useful for the production by plants of sufficiently high levels of anti-nematode proteins at feeding sites. Alternatively, interfering with feeding-cell development is somewhat similar to the hypersensitive response evoked by nematodes in a naturally resistant plant. Here, destruction of specific plant cells can be achieved by the localized expression of a cytotoxin such as barnase, a potent ribonuclease. This approach, however, calls for a highly specific ‘non-leaky’ promoter, which is active only in the feeding cells. Another possibility is to use a two-component system, where the leakiness of the promoter in other tissues is counterbalanced by the constitutive expression of a neutralizing gene. 相似文献
87.
88.
Lee LE Van Es SJ Walsh SK Rainnie DJ Donay N Summerfield R Cawthorn RJ 《Journal of fish diseases》2006,29(8):467-480
Neoparamoeba pemaquidensis is an ubiquitous amphizoic marine protozoan and has been implicated as the causative agent for several diseases in marine organisms, most notably amoebic gill disease (AGD) in Atlantic salmon. Despite several reports on the pathology of AGD, relatively little is known about the protozoan and its relationship to host cells. In this study, an in vitro approach using monolayers of a rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1, ATCC CRL-2523) was used to rapidly grow large numbers of N. pemaquidensis (ATCC 50172) and investigate cell-pathogen interactions. Established cell lines derived from other tissues of rainbow trout and other fish species were also evaluated for amoeba growth support. The amoebae showed preference and highest yield when grown with RTgill-W1 over nine other tested fish cell lines. Amoeba yields could reach as high as 5 x 10(5) cells mL(-1) within 3 days of growth on the gill cell monolayers. The amoebae caused visible focal lesions in RTgill-W1 monolayers within 24 h of exposure and rapidly proliferated and spread with cytopathic effects destroying the neighbouring pavement-like cells within 48-72 h after initial exposure in media above 700 mOsm kg(-1). Disruption of the integrity of the gill cell monolayers could be noted within 30 min of exposure to the amoeba suspensions by changes in transepithelial resistance (TER) compared with control cell monolayers maintained in the exposure media. This was significantly different by 2 h (P < 0.05) compared with control cells and remained significantly different (P < 0.01) for the remaining 72 h that the TER was monitored. The RTgill-W1 cell line is thus a convenient model for growing N. pemaquidensis and for studying host-pathogen interactions in AGD. 相似文献
89.
90.
Van Ngoc Tuong Hoang 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2018,49(7):848-861
This study aims to determine the effects of compost additions and high temperature on N2O and CO2 emissions from a Vietnamese agricultural soil. Soil samples amended with two compost types (commercial compost, SH and chicken compost, CC) at three rates of 1%, 2% and 4% w/w were aerobically incubated at 25°C, 30°C and 35°C for 28 days in the laboratory. N2O and CO2 emissions were determined on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Our results showed that N2O and CO2 emissions were significantly affected by temperature, compost additions, and their interactions. Greater N2O and CO2 emissions were seen in CC treatments than SH treatments. Higher application rates of CC led to greater N2O and CO2 emissions. In SH treatments, higher temperature lowered N2O emissions but did not affect CO2 emissions. N2O and CO2 emissions were enhanced with CC addition while they showed different responses to increasing temperature. 相似文献