Synthesis and insecticidal activities of pyridine ring derivatives of podophyllotoxin

In an attempt to find the biorational pesticides, we synthesized 12 pyridinyl derivatives of podophyllotoxin (PPT) and 4′-demthylepipodophylltoxin (4′-DMEP) in this study. Their structures and the α/β substitution at C-4 were confirmed by ¹H NMR, IR, MS spectral analyses and elemental analysis. The insecticidal activities were tested against fifth-instar larvae of Pieris rapae and the third-instar larvae of Cullex pipiens pallens at concentrations of 250 and 10 μg ml⁻¹. Four derivatives of PPT, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.5, showed higher insecticidal activities against P. rapae than PPT, while three derivatives of PPT, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6, displayed higher mosquito larvicidal activity than PPT, with LC₅₀ values of 1.66, 3.96 and 1.54 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Interestingly, we also found that the pyridine ring derivatives of PPT showed delayed insecticidal activity, which is different from traditional neurotic insecticides. The results suggest that 4′-OCH₃ in the PPT derivatives is essential to keep the insecticidal activity and the insecticidal activities of pyridine ring derivatives of PPT are higher than that of the derivatives of 4′-DMEP, supporting PPT has the potential to be a lead structure of semi-synthetic insecticides.     

红托鹅膏生态环境研究

以武定狮山为样点,对红托鹅膏的生境进行了初步研究。结果表明,红托鹅膏主要生长于滇青冈、滇石栎等阔叶林或针（云南松）阔混交林中,其生长的土表层疏松、透气、潮湿,具有厚4 cm~9 cm的腐叶层,有稀薄的阳光透入,土层有机质含量高,矿物质养分丰富,土壤容重较小,偏微酸性（pH5.4~5.7）。子实体分化发育较适宜的温度为19℃~21℃,空气湿度为75%~86%,土壤含水量为38%~50%,并每天保证1 300 lx~2 000 lx的光照2 h~5 h,200 lx~900 lx的弱光6 h~9 h。     

商品有机肥与无机肥配施对白菜品质和产量的影响

以白菜为试材,设6个处理,T1~T3处理分别为无机肥处理、有机无机肥配施处理和有机肥处理,以及在此基础上分别对应T1~T3处理,在莲座期和结球前期每垄施用1%浓度的石灰1 600mL,为T4~T6处理,研究了商品有机肥与无机肥配合施用及单独施用对白菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:T3、T6处理收获期硝酸盐含量分别较T1、T4处理下降了32.3%和35.2%;维生素C含量提高了30.0%和38.6%;可溶性糖含量升高了31.5%和34.5%。可见有机肥能够提高白菜品质,但对产量的贡献却不明显。而有机无机肥配施则能够在保证白菜品质的前提下,使产量提高2%~27%,与施用有机肥相比达到差异显著水平(P0.05)。施用石灰的处理各项指标均优于未施石灰的处理结果。说明均衡营养并配施有机无机肥能够起到提高白菜产量和品质的目的。     

The use of Verticillium dahliae and Diplodia scrobiculata to induce resistance in Pinus halepensis against Diplodia pinea infection

The pathogenic fungi Verticillium alboatrum and Diplodia scrobiculata were assayed for biological control of Diplodia pinea on Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) in Catalonia (north-eastern Spain). Young shoots were pre-treated with inoculations of either V. dahliae or D. scrobiculata, by placing colonized agar plugs on wounds made by removing a single needle fascicle. An inoculation with D. pinea was performed 15 days later. Two months after the shoot inoculations, the canker length on the stems was measured and the percentage of shoot dieback calculated. Verticillium dahliae and D. scrobiculata were found to significantly reduce the canker length of D. pinea (P < 0.05) when compared with positive controls. Diplodia pinea was slightly more sensitive to V. dahliae than to D. scrobiculata, but no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the mean canker length between the two treatments. Trees pre-inoculated with V. dahliae resulted in 31.12% shoot dieback, while those pre-inoculated with D. scrobiculata resulted in 32.18% shoot dieback, compared with positive controls (42.85%).     

棉花叶片茸毛性状与绿盲蝽抗性的关系

为明确棉花叶片茸毛性状与其对绿盲蝽抗性的关系,于2008-2009年连续两年系统研究了不同供试棉花品种(系)对绿盲蝽的抗性水平,并在室内测定了棉花中脉和叶片上茸毛的类型、密度和长度.结果表明,不同棉花品种(系)对绿盲蝽的抗性水平存在差异;且不同棉花品种(系)叶片各类型茸毛密度和茸毛长度分别表现显著差异(P<0.05);叶片茸毛密度与棉花对绿盲蝽的抗性呈显著负相关(y=3.5482-0.0007x1-0.0089x2,R2=0.5741,P=0.0007),叶片茸毛类型和茸毛长度与棉花对绿盲蝽的抗性没有显著相关性.选育叶片无毛或少毛的棉花品种(系)可用于棉花绿盲蝽的治理.     

杧果小条实蝇分子鉴定

通过对截获于澳门入境旅客携带芒果中的实蝇（SH78）进行线粒体COⅠ、COⅡ和COⅢ基因序列的扩增测序,并与GenBank中相关的序列进行比对,结果表明截获实蝇样品线粒体COⅠ基因序列和柱果小条实蝇Ceratitis cosyra（AY788421）相似性为98.87%;COⅡ基因序列与柱果小条实蝇（C.cosyra） （AY805310）和C.cosyra（AY805311）相似性分别为99.27%和98.11%;COⅢ基因序列和C.cosyra （DQ462338）相似性为89.10%。基于COⅠ和COⅡ序列构建的系统发育树中,截获实蝇样品和杧果小条实蝇最为接近。根据序列分析和系统发育关系分析的结果,将截获的实蝇鉴定为杧果小条实蝇（Ceratitis cosyra）。鉴定结果与形态鉴定结果相同。     

内生枯草芽孢杆菌B215对香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病抑制作用初探

通过香蕉内生枯草芽孢杆菌菌株B215对峙培养及其菌体代谢物的活性测定结果表明,B215菌株对香蕉弯孢霉叶斑病原真菌具有很强的拈抗作用,其对峙培养能明显抑制靶标菌菌丝向四周均匀扩展,抑菌带宽度为0.4 cm;菌株滤液的EC50值达5.10%,主要是以代谢产物中的抗菌物质造成孢子和菌丝膨大成球状畸形,原生质外泄,孢子崩溃干瘪,致使病菌丧失侵染和繁殖能力.     

表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒CH-1a株核衣壳蛋白重组鸡痘病毒的构建

从含有猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）核衣壳蛋白（N）的质粒扩增出N基因，构建禽痘病毒转移载体。该载体含有禽痘病毒早晚期启动子LP2EP2控制之下的PRRSVN基因、P11启动下的报告基因lacZ以及用于同源重组的禽痘病毒基因组的片段。在转移载体转染亲本病毒S—FPV-017感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）之后，采用蓝色表型筛选的方法，筛选到表达N基因的重组病毒，并对其进行了6轮蚀斑纯化。PCR方法鉴定证明重组病毒的基因组中含有完整PRRSVN基因，间接免疫荧光试验证明了PRRSVN蛋白在重组病毒感染的CEF细胞中获得表达，本研究为猪繁殖与呼吸综合征非复制型疫苗的研制打下了基础。