日光型人工气候室的研究设计

该文介绍的日光型人工气候室,在充分利用自然光热和冷源的基础上,设置了能源室、控制室和培养室。采用数字仪表和电子控制技术及小型集散控制系统,实现气候室的温度、光照、湿度等因子的监测和控制。温度参数控制采用了双温双向组合控制,尤其适于在自然光照条件下,对植物的地上、地下部分分别控制的试验研究,其结果更趋于与自然环境的逼近。同时,该设计投资少,节约能源,运行费用低,适于一般科研和生产单位建造和使用。     

散粒物料孔隙率测定装置的研制

依据理想气体状态方程研制的孔隙率测定装置,可以直接、迅速测得散粒物料在各种特定状态条件下的孔隙率。该装置对于一些吸湿性强的物料、特别是易溶于水、比重测试较复杂的散粒物料尤为适宜。经测试证明,该装置测试准确、简便。该文提供的对不同装料方法、不同杂质含量、不同粒度成分的散粒物料孔隙率测定结果,有参考价值。     

Effect of phytocompounds from the heartwood of Acacia confusa on inflammatory mediator production

Acacia confusa Merr. (Leguminosae) is traditionally used as a medicinal plant in Taiwan. In the present study, anti-inflammatory activity of extracts from the heartwood of A. confusa were investigated for the first time. Results demonstrated that ethanolic extracts of A. confusa heartwood strongly suppressed NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Among all fractions derived from ethanolic extracts, the EtOAc fraction exhibited the best inhibitory activity. Following column chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, 13 specific phytocompounds including 5 new flavonoids (i.e., 7,8,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxyflavan-3-ol, 7,8,3',4'-tetrahydroxyflavone, 7,8,3'-trihydroxy-3,4'-dimethoxyflavone, 7,3',4'-trihydroxyflavone, and 7,3',4'-trihydroxy-3-methoxyflavone) were isolated and identified from the EtOAc fraction. In addition, melanoxetin (3,7,8,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavone), a major compound in the EtOAc fraction, markedly suppressed LPS-induced NO and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2) production. Moreover, melanoxetin completely suppressed gene expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at 50 and 100 microM, respectively. This is the first report to identify the inhibitory bioactivities of melanoxetin on iNOS and COX-2.     

甘蔗体内的蔗糖积累

成熟甘蔗茎秆积累高浓度蔗糖,其蔗糖积累涉及到蔗糖的合成、分解和运输等生理过程,而调控甘蔗茎中蔗糖积累的关键性因素是存在于快速发育的茎细胞中蔗糖糖代谢相关酶的活性和蔗糖的跨膜运输能力,而不是作为源叶输出光合产物的能力和韧皮部运输蔗糖的效率。为此,本文主要从蔗糖进入茎节的途径、蔗糖在液泡中的积累及其调控等方面作了概述,并指出运用分子生物学、反向遗传学和细胞生物学手段研究有关酶基因、功能性蛋白、糖信号对甘蔗蔗糖运输和积累的作用将是今后的重要研究方向。     

普通小麦农艺及品质性状的杂种优势和性状相关研究

本文利用5×3NCⅡ设计,对普通小麦的8个农艺性状和4个品质性状进行了杂种优势及性状相关分析,结果表明:(1)以千粒重和单株粒重的杂种优势为最大,分别为17.10%和9.62%;蛋白质含量和沉淀值的优势最小,分别为-6.57%和-7.34%,温面筋含量和干面筋含量的优势居中,分别为3.31%和1.56%。(2)性状相关分析表明:除穗长和千粒重外,其它农艺性状与4个品质性状间均有不同程度的负相关;而4个品质性状间均为显著正相关。     

滴灌条件下日光温室番茄需水规律及水分生产函数

1996－1998年,在滴灌条件下,试验研究了日光温室早春番茄的需水量、需水规律、产量与耗水量的条件。同时对番茄不同时期水分胁迫对产量的影响进行了深入研究,并根据试验研究结果,应用Jensen模型拟合了番茄水分生产函数。     

37份新疆无芒雀麦萌发期耐盐性评价

为了解新疆不同无芒雀麦种质材料在萌发期耐盐差异,采用常规纸上萌发法,研究不同浓度(0、50、100、150、200、250 mmol·L^-1)NaCl对37份无芒雀麦种质材料相对发芽率、相对发芽势、发芽指数、根长和芽长的影响,并借助隶属函数对其耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的增加,无芒雀麦种质相对发芽率、相对发芽势、发芽指数、根长与芽长呈明显降低趋势。采用聚类分析将37份无芒雀麦划分为3种类型,包括耐盐型(R)8份、敏盐型(S)7份、中度耐盐型(M)22份。     

小麦细胞膜热稳定性的配合力与杂种优势分析

细胞膜热稳定性是较好地反映小麦品种耐热性大小的重要生理指标.本文利用冬、春小麦各6个亲本分别组配的6×6完全双列杂交(包括反交),对该性状(以相对热损伤率RI%表示)进行了配合力和杂种优势分析.结果表明:(1)该性状的一般配合力效应(GCA)、特殊配合力效应(SCA)和反交效应(R)均达极显著水平.上述三因素相对作用大小冬、春小麦分别为3.9:1:1.6和2.1:1:0.5,说明该性状的遗传虽以加性基因效应占一定优势,非加性基因效应和反交效应也起重要的作用.(2)该性状受质核互作和(或)细胞质的明显影响.(3)一些杂种F_1的细胞膜热稳定性具有明显的杂种优势,并存在超亲遗传现象.这将对小麦的耐热性遗传改良和杂种优势利用提供理论指导和依据.     

Inheritance of Resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith in Tetraploid Potato

Inheritance of bacterial wilt resistance in tetraploid potato was investigated in segregating progenies of parent clones with resistance derived from different specific sources and different types of adaptation. A race 1 and a race 3 isolate of Pseudomonas solanacearum were used to test the resistance under warm temperatures. Results obtained indicated partial dominance of resistance. Significant general and specific combining abilities showed that both additive and non-additive gene actions are important in conditioning resistance expression. There was evidence that epistasis is an important component of the non-additive gene action in the inheritance of resistance. Other aspects of the resistance and implications for breeding are discussed.