THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN SOURCES ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF SALAD ROCKET GROWN IN DIFFERENT MONTHS OF THE YEAR

The effects of months of the year and nitrogen (N) sources on salad rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) yield, quality, and nitrate accumulation was investigated during the years 2002 and 2003. In both years, seeds were sown on the first day of April, May, June, July, August and September. Three different nitrogen sources were used: farmyard (cattle) manure (100 tonnes·ha^?1), calcium nitrate [Ca(NO₃)₂]-15.5% N (150 kg N·ha^?1) and ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄)]-21% N (150 kg N·ha^?1). Yield, leaf color, dry matter, vitamin C and total glucosinolate content and nitrate accumulation was assessed. Growing months affected all the assessed parameters significantly both years, with the exception of hue angle in 2003, whereas nitrogen source only influenced yield and nitrate accumulation in 2003. In both years the highest yield was obtained in April, but vitamin C and total glucosinolate contents were higher during summer months, and leaves were slightly darker colored. Chemical fertilizers increased the yield compared to farmyard manure; however, they also increased nitrate accumulation slightly, without any significant difference between them. Nitrate accumulation never exceeded 300 mg kg^?1 fresh weight (FW), which is well below the acceptable daily intake of 3.7 mg nitrate per kg^?1 bodyweight set by European Commission's Scientific Committee on Food.     

烟草漂浮育苗基质替代研究现状及展望

综述了烟草常用育苗基质材料如草炭、蛭石、稻谷壳、玉米秸秆的特性。从容重、粒径、孔隙度和气水比角度简述了烟草替代基质的物理特性评价方法,从阳离子代换量、pH和腐植酸方面回顾了替代基质的化学特性评价方法,从烟苗的农艺性状和生理生化指标方面归纳了替代基质的生物特性评价方法。论文总结了目前烟草无机替代基质如砂体基质、粉煤灰基质等以及有机替代基质如花生壳基质、炭化谷壳基质、玉米秸秆基质、蚯蚓肥基质、菌糠基质等的替代效果,认为烟草替代基质仍需从材料的选择、国家标准的制定、微生物菌剂的添加3个方面进一步开展科学研究。     

An Expert System Approach to the Computer Aided Design of Intelligent Controllers

The idea for an expert system approach to the computer aided design of intelligent controllers (ESCAD1C) is discussed and the idea of two step modelling of an intelligent controller is presented on the basis of emulating human control behaviours to solve complex problems. The structure, functions and characteristics of ESCADTC system , and the design procedures of intelligent controllers are gived. The knowledge base and simulating functions for designing intelligent controllers are also described.     

冬瓜氮磷钾化肥配施效应

结合冬瓜果实特点与营养吸收特性,探讨冬瓜氮磷钾化肥配施效应。结果表明,每产生1t冬瓜果实需要吸收的总养分为氮1174.8g、磷241g、钾2374g、钙1194g、镁141g、硫121g、硼3.1g和锌1.8g。在土壤有效磷丰富,有效氮、钾缺乏及施有机肥条件下,施磷稍微减产,OPT-N处理比OPT处理减产7.0%,OPT-K处理显著减产14.4%,种植效益降低8.5%及21.0%,氮、钾肥养分产出率分别为29.5kg冬瓜/kgN及61.2kg冬瓜/kgK2O。在土壤有效氮、磷、钾极缺乏及不施有机肥条件下,OPT-N与OPT-K处理分别比OPT处理显著减产21.2%及31.3%,OPT-P处理减产12.5%。种植效益降低56.9%、40.1%及99.1%。氮、磷、钾肥养分产出率分别为41.5kg冬瓜/kgN、81.3kg冬瓜/kgP2O5及61.0kg冬瓜/kgK2O。表明中低产田种植冬瓜时,更应重视氮磷钾肥的合理平衡施用。     

香茅精油对两种主要储粮害虫的控制作用

研究了香茅精油对玉米象、赤拟谷盗的控制作用.结果表明,香茅精油对玉米象和赤拟谷盗都有很强的驱避性,对赤拟谷盗的驱避性随着时间的延长有增强的趋势.对玉米象和赤拟谷盗的成虫都保持了较强的的熏蒸活性.对玉米象有较强的触杀活性,而对赤拟谷盗的触杀活性较弱.剂量为0.15%(v/w)的香茅精油的丙酮稀释液对玉米象成虫的种群抑制率在第6天达到100%,剂量为0.1%(v/w)的香茅精油的丙酮稀释液对赤拟谷盗成虫的种群抑制率在第6天也达到了100%.研究表明香茅精油具有作为储粮保护剂的开发潜力.     

HPLC法测定麻辣火锅底料中辣椒碱含量

笔者为明确辣椒碱消费程度,保证麻辣火锅底料产品质量,研究了麻辣火锅底料中辣椒碱含量的测定方法。采用ODS色谱柱,检测波长为280nm,以甲醇和水为流动相进行梯度洗脱,测定了麻辣火锅底料中的辣椒碱含量。结果显示,清油火锅底料中辣椒碱含量为0.068mg/g,牛油火锅底料中辣椒碱含量为0.077mg/g,方法加样平均回收率为101.85%和102.69%。     

Genetic analysis of four self-incompatible lines in Brassica napus

Reciprocal hybridization between four self-incompatible lines of Brassica napus: 271, 181, 184 and ‘White Flower’, revealed incompatibility. The reciprocal F₁s obtained by bud pollination showed self-incompatible reactions, and no segregation for self-incompatibility was observed in all the reciprocal F₂ populations, indicating that lines 271, 181, 184 and ‘White Flower’ were genetically identical with regard to self-incompatibility. Observations of self-incompatibility in 17 hybrids from crosses between line 271 and 17 varieties of B. napus showed 10 of the F₁ hybrids to be self-compatible, while four were partially self-compatible and three were self-incompatible. Genetic analysis based on F₂ and BC₁ populations from five self-compatible F₁ hybrids and two self-incompatible F₁ hybrids suggested the existence of at least two loci controlling the self-incompatibility of line 271: one is the S locus, with dominant and recessive relationships between the S alleles, and the other is the suppressor (sp) of the S locus. The sp locus is genetically different from the S locus, and also shows dominant and recessive relationships between the sp alleles.     

谷秆两用稻201对硒的生物富集作用研究

硒（Se）是人体必须的微量元素，采用40 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠在齐穗期开始喷施谷秆两用稻201，使大米有机硒含量达0.27 mg/kg左右（P<0.05）；同时米糠和高蛋白稻草的有机硒富集水平分别提高3到4倍（P<0.05）；为生产富硒优质米提供依据，为生产富硒食用菌提供了优质原料。     

以沙棘标准化促进沙棘资源建设和产业开发

沙棘大规模的种植与开发是近20多年来,随之沙棘标准不断完善,现已颁布行业标准10项、地方标准20多项、企业标准多项,基本形成了比较完善的标准化体系。沙棘标准涵盖了种子、苗木、育苗、种植、验收、效益监测、沙棘汁加工、沙棘果叶的采摘、沙棘籽油、沙棘黄酮、沙棘原汁等资源建设、行业管理、产品加工及产品标准等各个方面。这些标准的出台,有效地规范了育种、育苗、种植和管护过程,提高了种植成活率、保存率和成材率,加快了标准化示范区建设,提升了产品的质量和资源开发综合效益。