16jährige Probeanbauten von Lärchenbastarden

Zusammenfassung Im Jahre 1951 überwiegend durch gelenkte Kreuzung und teilweise aus freiem Abblühen entstandene L?rchen-Einzelbaumnachkommenschaften, die zusammen mit einigen Bestandes-Nachkommenschaften im Versuchsgarten Grafrath erzogen und anschlie?end auf vier Versuchsfl?chen innerhalb Bayerns angebaut worden waren, wurden zuletzt im zehn- bzw. achtj?hrigen Alter (in der Dickungsphase vor dem ersten Pflegeeingriff) sowie im 16j?hrigen Alter (in der beginnenden Stangenholzphase nach dem ersten Eingriff) aufgenommen. Auf Grund der aus diesen beiden Aufnahmen gewonnenen Ergebnisse (H?hen- und Durchmesser-Wuchsleistung, Variation der H?henwerte vor dem ersten Eingriff, natürliche Ausf?lle, Schaftform, Astst?rke und Krebsbefall-H?ufigkeit) sind die verschiedenen Kombinationen und Bestandes-Nachkommenschaften auf ihre Anbaubew?hrung hin überprüft worden: Die Anbaubew?hrung kann unter Berücksichtigung der erfa?ten Merkmale für drei Kreuzungen voll bejaht werden, und zwar für die Nummern 16 L. decidua 7/51×L. leptolepis (Gaut.), 20 L. decidua Kr. 1×L. leptolepis (Gaut.) und 10 Bastard 11/51×L. leptolepis (Gaut.). Bei vier Nachkommenschaften (Nr. 5 L. leptolepis Kr. 4×L. decidua (Gaut.); Nr. 35 L. leptolepis-Bestandesnachk.; Nr. 22 L. leptolepis 9/51×L. decidua 7/51 und Nr. 25 L. leptolepis 10/51×Bastard 1/51) mit überdurchschnittlicher Wüchsigkeit darf das Ja zur Anbaubew?hrung wegen nicht voll überzeugenden Abschneidens in den übrigen Merkmalen nur mit gewisser Einschr?nkung ausgesprochen werden. Die Anbaubew?hrung mu? für drei Nachkommenschaften wegen Krebsbefalls und sehr geringer Wuchsleistung verneint werden; es handelt sich dabei um die Nummern 4 L. lepteuropaea Kr. 2×L. decidua (Gaut.), 36 L. decidua-Bestandesnachkommenschaft und 20 L. decidua 7/51× freibest?ubt. Die überwiegende Mehrzahl der angebauten L?rchen-Nachkommenschaften ist in eine breitangelegte Mittelgruppe mit nicht oder nur sehr wenig differenziertem Wachstum inzuordnen, so da? erst die künftige Entwicklung die zu treffende Entscheidung erm?glichen wird.     

Investigation of the allergenic potential of wines fined with various proteinogenic fining agents by ELISA

Hidden allergens are a common problem in food safety that has been known for many years. This is why the European Parliament adopted Directive 2003/89/EC amending 2000/13/EC. In addition to specific ingredients, Directive 2003/89/EC also requests the declaration of specific products that were used in the production and could be a risk for allergic individuals. This also includes the declaration of fining agents and lysozyme used in wines. In fact, it could be assumed that fining agents would be almost completely removed during the manufacturing process; however, until now there has been no necessity to analyze wine for these fining agents. By applying enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), residuals of fining agent proteins and the stabilizer lysozyme were investigated in various German wines. The results showed no detectable amounts of fining agents in wines, except for dried egg white and lysozyme, both derived from hen's egg white. For those products, adverse reactions against treated wines could not be excluded.     

Trade-offs and synergies in management of two co-occurring specialist squash pests

Journal of Pest Science - Co-occurring herbivorous pests may have shared or divergent responses to plant- and insect- derived cues, creating challenges for effective pest management in...     

Carbon dynamics in small tropical catchments under preserved forest and cacao agroforestry systems

Agroforestry Systems - Inland waters such as streams that receive carbon from terrestrial landscapes usually have a net heterotrophic metabolism and emit significant amounts of CO2 to the...     

Effect of Dietary Nonstructural Carbohydrate Content on Activation of 5′‐Adenosine Monophosphate‐Activated Protein Kinase in Liver,Skeletal Muscle,and Digital Laminae of Lean and Obese Ponies

Background

In EMS‐associated laminitis, laminar failure may occur in response to energy failure related to insulin resistance (IR) or to the effect of hyperinsulinemia on laminar tissue. 5′‐Adenosine‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a marker of tissue energy deprivation, which may occur in IR.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To characterize tissue AMPK regulation in ponies subjected to a dietary carbohydrate (CHO) challenge.

Animals

Twenty‐two mixed‐breed ponies.

Methods

Immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting for total AMPK and phospho(P)‐AMPK and RT‐qPCR for AMPK‐responsive genes were performed on laminar, liver, and skeletal muscle samples collected after a 7‐day feeding protocol in which ponies stratified on body condition score (BCS; obese or lean) were fed either a low‐CHO diet (ESC + starch, approximately 7% DM; n = 5 obese, 5 lean) or a high‐CHO diet (ESC + starch, approximately 42% DM; n = 6 obese, 6 lean).

Results

5′‐Adenosine‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase was immunolocalized to laminar keratinocytes, dermal constituents, and hepatocytes. A high‐CHO diet resulted in significantly decreased laminar [P‐AMPK] in lean ponies (P = .03), but no changes in skeletal muscle (lean, P = .33; obese, P = .43) or liver (lean, P = .84; obese, P = .13) [P‐AMPK]. An inverse correlation existed between [blood glucose] and laminar [P‐AMPK] in obese ponies on a high‐CHO diet.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Laminar tissue exhibited a normal response to a high‐CHO diet (decreased [P‐AMPK]), whereas this response was not observed in liver and skeletal muscle in both lean (skeletal muscle, P = .33; liver, P = .84) and obese (skeletal muscle, P = .43; liver, P = .13) ponies.     

Blood oxygen transport and hemoglobin function in three tropical fish species from northern Australian freshwater billabongs

The oxygen binding properties of whole blood and hemoglobin were studied in three phylogenetically distant tropical teleosts inhabiting freshwater billabongs that exhibit marked seasonal oxygen stratification. The water breathing saratoga (Scleropages jardinii, Family Osteoglossidae), derived from an ancient divergence of the stem line leading to all other extant teleosts, has a low blood oxygen carrying capacity, Bohr and Root effect, and a high blood oxygen affinity. Erythrocytes contain a single major hemoglobin component, and equimolar concentrations of ATP and GTP. The tarpon (Megalops cyprinoides, Family Megalopidae), a facultative air-breather, has the highest blood oxygen carrying capacity and Bohr effect, and a low blood oxygen affinity and Root effect. Erythrocytes contain a single major hemoglobin and ATP as a putative regulator of hemoglobin oxygen affinity. Barramundi (Lates calcarifer, Family Centropomidae), is an obligate water-breather with intermediate blood oxygen binding properties, and the smallest Root effect. Erythrocytes contain at least 7 hemoglobins, and equimolar concentrations of ATP and GTP. Functional properties of these three blood oxygen transport systems are considered in terms of the respiratory environment and demand for oxygen. Our interpretation supports the hypothesis that the process of speciation can lead to divergence in physiological mechanisms, irrespective of past or present selection pressures.     

Detection of Salmonella-containing food using the 1-2 test

133 samples of food were investigated for comparison of a recent commercially available 1-2 test (Biocontrol) with a cultural standard method (non-selective pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water, selective enrichment in Rappaport-Vassiliadis-medium and selenite brilliant-green mannitol enrichment broth, inoculation on two selective agars) for presence of Salmonella. The 1-2 test showed in positive results an accuracy ("sensitivity") of 94.7% and in negative results an assurance ("specificity") of 97.9% and is therefore considered suitable for detection of Salmonella contaminated food.     

Water parameters affect anaesthesia induced by eugenol in silver catfish,Rhamdia quelen

The present study investigated the effects of water pH (5.0, 7.0 and 9.0), hardness (0, 20 and 120 mg CaCO₃ L^?1) and temperature (15, 23 and 30 °C) on the induction of sedation and anaesthesia, and subsequent recovery, of silver catfish exposed to eugenol. Moreover, the blood gas tensions (PvO₂ and PvCO₂) and blood pH in silver catfish acclimated to these temperatures were investigated after exposure to eugenol. Water pH, hardness, temperature and fish size affect the efficacy of eugenol in silver catfish, particularly at the lower concentrations tested (20 and 30 mg L^?1). Sedation of this species can be induced at concentrations as low as 20 mg L^?1, but for anaesthesia, a concentration of at least 40 mg L^?1 of eugenol must be used to compensate for the influence of fish size and water quality. Blood gas tension and pH were affected by eugenol anaesthesia, but only in fish acclimated to 30 °C.     

Cytogenetic survey of Holstein bulls at a commercial artificial insemination company to determine prevalence of bulls with centric fusion and chimeric anomalies

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of Holstein bulls with chromosomal anomalies, particularly the 1/21 centric fusion (CF), at a commercial artificial insemination (AI) company in the United States. DESIGN: Cross-sectional cytogenetic prevalence study. ANIMALS: All 606 Holstein bulls at a commercial AI company were cytogenetically screened to detect CF, chimerism, and other chromosomal abnormalities. PROCEDURE: Lymphocytes from heparinized blood samples were cultured by standard cytogenetic techniques, and chromosome spreads were prepared for microscopic examination. Chromosomal abnormalities were detected by examining 10 chromosome spreads per bull. Pedigree analysis was performed. RESULTS: None of the bulls had any type of CF. However, 6 bulls were identified as chimeras (i.e., contained lymphocytes with male [XY] and female [XX] chromosomes). One bull was sire or maternal grandsire to 85 of the bulls tested, and 739 of 1,212 (61%) sire and maternal-grandsire possibilities were accounted for by just 18 bulls. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Analysis of these results supports previous indications that CF is extremely rare in Holstein bloodlines available commercially via AI in the United States. However, chimeric bulls are more common, and they reportedly have decreased reproductive performance. Therefore, identification of chimeric sires in the AI facility reported here and the possibility of de novo onset of CF at any time indicates that early cytogenetic screening should be encouraged for prospective bulls intended for use in AI programs.