动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务相关术语混合使用情况辨析

自1994年深圳市罗湖区在环境卫生领域率先引入政府购买公共服务以来,我国政府购买公共服务经历局部性试点与探索、试点推进、制度化推广、全面推开与创新等4个阶段。2005年以来,我国对动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务进行了探索,但有关术语及其涵义一直未界定,更未形成共识,导致术语混用较为严重。术语混用体现了人们认知不同,看法不一,给动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务理论研究和实践探索造成了混乱。鉴于此,本文尝试梳理术语混用的背景、混用情况并予以辨析,以探讨动物防疫领域政府购买公共服务相关术语的正确使用。     

牦牛粪便对高寒草甸群落多样性及生产力的影响

研究了4个不同施牦牛粪便的处理对高寒草句植物群落多样性和生产力的短期影响。结果表明,（1）处理S1,S2和s3的植物群落盖度显著高于对照（SO）（P〈0．05）,各处理的植物群落高度与对照（SO）相比都呈上升趋势,且S3与S0差异显著（P〈0．05）;（2）处理S1、S2和S3的Pielou均匀度指数与sO相比逐渐下降,且S2与sO有显著差异（P〈0．05）。处理S1、s2和S3的Shannon—Wiener物种多样性指数与S0相比逐渐下降,且S2与S0差异极显著（P〈0．01）。而Simpson物种多样性指数的变化则表现为无规律性。（3）施牦牛粪便后植物群落的地上总生物量出现增加趋势,且S2,S3与s0间达到差异显著（P〈0．05）。     

分析解读欧盟关于转基因蜂蜜的检测要求和手段

欧盟是我国蜂蜜出口重要的市场,2011年下半年以来,欧盟要求检测蜂蜜中的转基因成分,我国转基因作物种植的品种和数量不断增加,转基因成分在蜂蜜中存在的风险性也不断加大。欧盟官方推荐在食品中如果使用经批准的转基因花粉含量占总花粉含量超过0.9%的蜂蜜时应当予以标识,在0.9%限量界定方面,目前倾向的鉴定方法是用PCR方法与显微镜检验相结合的方法。欧盟官方认可的QSI实验室和intertek实验室目前检测蜂蜜中转基因花粉成分时,选择的三个筛选基因为P-35S、T-NOS和FMV基因。     

八至九月龄阿尔巴斯绒山羊在不同饲养条件下瓣胃的大体解剖和组织学变化

本文用组织切片方法观察研究了不同饲养条件下,8只8~9月龄的阿尔巴斯绒山羊瓣胃的解剖和组织学变化。研究结果表明:瓣胃的容积均以放牧羊的最大,其次为干草羊,最小的为青草羊。瓣胃的大、中、小瓣叶均以放牧羊的最高,其次为青草羊,最低的是干草羊。上皮的浅层是角化的复层扁平细胞,中间层的细胞有圆形、椭圆形;基底层的细胞是矮柱状,排列整齐。瓣胃大瓣叶黏膜上皮角化层的厚度:最厚的是干草羊、其次为放牧羊、最薄的是青草羊;大瓣叶中央肌层最厚的是青草羊、其次为干草羊、最薄的是放牧羊。     

Enhanced induction of hepatic lipid peroxidation by ferric nitrilotriacetate in chickens susceptible to fatty liver rupture.

1. Two strains of single comb White Leghorn birds, one susceptible to fatty liver rupture (UCD-003) and a normal commercial strain, were injected with iron nitrilotriacetate and the extent of hepatic lipid peroxidation that occurred was estimated by measuring concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA). 2. Higher concentrations of MDA were found in the livers of the UCD-003 strain than in the normal birds after injection of iron nitrilotriacetate. No differences were found in the activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the livers of untreated birds of either strain. 3. The degree of unsaturation of the fats in the livers of the two strains was similar. However, the UCD-003 birds had a significantly higher content of liver fat than the normal birds. The increased concentrations of liver fat could account for the increased lipid peroxidation in the UCD-003 birds. 4. The increased incidence of liver haemorrhage that occurs in the UCD-003 birds may be caused by the increased susceptibility of these birds to hepatic lipid peroxidation.     

猪伪狂犬病油乳剂灭活疫苗的制备及安全性与免疫性试验

用本室分离鉴定的猪伪狂犬病毒鄂A经毒株接种仓鼠肾细胞（BHK－21）,制备病毒抗原液，毒价不低于10^-6TCID50/0.1ml。经一定浓度的甲醛溶液灭活后与油相佐剂乳化研制成油乳剂灭活油疫苗4批。本研究对该制品的安全性、免疫性进行了测定。对18g左右小白鼠接种0.3ml，初生仔猪、断奶仔猪及妊娠母猪加倍剂量注射，均未出现不良反应，安全性良好。对母猪的繁殖性能不产生影响。后备母猪及妊娠母清中和抗体指数于免疫后21d达到316以上，间隔35d加强免疫一次后，中和抗体指数可达1000以上。断奶仔猪及初生仔猪免疫后对强毒的攻击，保护率分别为100％及90.62％。     

利用手工克隆技术培育体细胞克隆莱芜猪

为探讨手工克隆技术在克隆中国地方猪种的可行性,本研究组利用手工克隆技术平台,以中国地方猪品种莱芜猪的耳皮肤细胞作为核移植的供体细胞,以体外成熟的猪卵母细胞为受体细胞,进行体细胞克隆猪培养,成功培育了25头克隆莱芜猪。表明手工克隆技术可应用于莱芜猪体细胞克隆,为莱芜猪的保种及育种提供了新的途径。     

Effect of epidermal growth factor and insulin-like growth factor I on porcine preantral follicular growth, antrum formation, and stimulation of granulosal cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis in vitro

The object of this study was to investigate the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and IGF-I in the regulation of preantral follicular growth, antrum formation, and granulosal cell proliferation/ apoptosis. Porcine preantral follicles were manually dissected and cultured for up to 8 d in Waymouth's (Exp. 1) or alpha-minimum Eagle's essential medium (Exp. 2 and 3) supplemented with 10 microg/mL of transferrin, 100 microg/mL of L-ascorbic acid, and 2 mU/mL of ovine FSH, in the presence (Exp. 1 and 3) or absence (Exp. 2) of 7.5% fetal calf serum. According to the experimental protocol, IGF-I (0, 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL; Exp. 1), or IGF-I (50 ng/mL), EGF (10 ng/mL) and EGF+IGF-I (Exp. 2 and 3) were added to the culture media. In Exp. 1, follicles exhibited a concentration-dependent response (P < 0.05) to IGF-I, with the highest rates of granulosal cell proliferation, follicular integrity, and recovery rate of cumulus cell-oocyte complexes and lowest incidence of apoptosis occurring at the highest IGF-I dose. In Exp. 2 serum-free medium, granulosal cell proliferation was low (1 to 5%), irrespective of whether EGF and/or IGF-I were present and cellular apoptosis was increased (P < 0.05) on d 4 and 8 in the EGF+IGF-I group compared with the addition of either factor alone. In Exp. 3, granulosal cell proliferation was high in all follicles cultured in serum-containing medium for the first 3 d, but fell sharply (P < 0.05) on d 4, except in media containing IGF-I. Collectively, EGF and IGF-I increased granulosal cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis, and promoted follicular antrum formation. These results may provide useful information for developing a preantral follicular culture system in which the oocytes are capable of fertilization and embryonic development.     

双峰驼水代谢与血液中无机离子浓度的动态关系

对双峰驼禁水１５ｄ，于禁水前、后及暴饮后采血，测定其血液中多种无机离子的浓度变化。结果表明，全血碳酸氢盐含量在禁水期变化极显著，与禁水前相比，冬季试验升高２８．０９％，夏季试验升高２６．５９％；暴饮后快速下降，冬、夏季试验分别比禁水前低９．５％和７．８％，４ｄ后恢复正常。血清中Ｋ＋和Ｆｅ２＋含量未见统计学差异。血清中Ｎａ＋、Ｃｌ－、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、和Ｐ３＋的含量于禁水期逐渐上升，暴饮后快速下降，其变化均有显著差异，其中Ｎａ＋的正常值显著高于其他反刍动物。结果表明，双峰驼在禁水期具有较高的血液渗透压和碱储量，其对保证缺水时血液酸碱平衡的调节，维持血容量，保证机体正常水代谢功能具有重要作用，是骆驼耐干渴的重要原因之一。