Effects of dietary Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance,immune response and intestinal barrier function in weaned piglets

The present study investigated the effects of Bacillus coagulans and yeast hydrolysate supplementation on growth performance, immune response and intestinal barrier function of weaned piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 6.89 ± 0.15 kg were divided into four diets for 28 days. The treatments were basal diet (control), basal diet supplemented with antibiotic (20 mg/kg colistin sulphate and 40 mg/kg bacitracin zinc, AT), probiotics (400 mg/kg Bacillus coagulans ≥5 × 109 CFU/g, BC) or yeast hydrolysate (5000 mg/kg yeast hydrolysate, YH). Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were improved by AT and YH diets (p < 0.05), while BC diet only increased ADG (p < 0.05). The complement 3 (C3), lysozyme (LZM) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in serum were increased in BC diet (p < 0.05). Feeding AT and YH caused the increase of jejunal villus height (p < 0.05), and a higher ratio of villus height/crypt depth was observed in AT, BC and YH groups (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in jejunal mucosa was up-regulated by AT, BC and YH diets (p < 0.05). Dietary AT, BC or YH inclusion decreased the interleukin-1β (IL-1β) concentration and TNF-α mRNA expression (p < 0.05), and YH supplementation even down-regulated toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 expressions (p < 0.05). In summary, the dietary administration of BC or YH both improves growth performance through promoting the intestinal barrier function, indicating both of them can serve as potential alternatives to antibiotics growth promoters for the piglet production.     

新时代饲料跨境电商面临的问题及应对措施研究

随着饲料行业国际市场竞争的日趋加剧,我国饲料企业跨境电商业务受到了严重冲击。近几年,由于农业、畜牧业及肉、蛋、奶等产品的市场价格波动,放大了跨境电商活动中原本就存在的跨境物流、金融支付、网络安全、国际法律公约缺失等问题。为在新的竞争环境下有效降低产品市场价格波动对跨境电商造成的不利影响,应从强化国际间贸易协作,拉动国内市场需求,提升国际贸易一站式服务平台功能,增加互联网软硬件技术投入及促进新的国贸贸易法律体系建立等方面做出努力。     

口蹄疫病毒VP1基因密码子偏好性分析

VP1蛋白是口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)的主要结构蛋白,可诱导机体产生中和抗体以及激发保护性免疫应答。为探究VP1基因密码子偏好性,筛选出其最佳体外表达系统,使用Visual Gene Developer、CodonW、GraphPad Prism等软件,对VP1基因进行密码子偏好性分析,同时将VP1基因密码子使用频率与大肠杆菌、毕赤酵母、昆虫杆状病毒和哺乳动物细胞表达系统作了比较。结果显示,VP1基因的CAI为0.21,ENC为55.43,GC3S为65.26%,表明该基因密码子使用偏好较弱并且密码子偏好以G/C碱基结尾。结合VP1基因与各表达系统密码子使用频率比值,发现其与昆虫杆状病毒表达系统频率比值差异最小且CAI最大,因此推断昆虫杆状病毒表达系统是FMDV VP1基因最适体外表达系统。本研究为FMDV亚单位疫苗研制等提供了技术基础。     

海南省4个历史疫情市县猪链球菌Ⅱ型血清学抽样检测

为了解海南省历史疫区猪链球菌Ⅱ型的流行及分布情况,选择东方、文昌、儋州及白沙4个历史疫情市县,针对中小规模养殖场及散养户开展了血清学调查和生物安全问卷调查。本次调查共涉及4个市县的29个养殖场点,包含中小规模场9个、散养户20个;共检测猪血清样品307份,检出阳性95份,个体阳性检出率为30.94%(95/307),检出阳性场点17个,群体阳性检出率为58.62%(17/29)。4个市县中,群体阳性检出率介于28.57%～85.71%,个体阳性检出率介于4.00%～84.15%,不同市县间差异均显著(P 0.05);不同场点中,中小规模场的群体阳性检出率(77.78%)高于散养户(50.00%),但个体阳性检出率(28.29%)低于散养户(36.27%),差异均显著(P 0.05)。被调查养殖场户的生物安全状况不佳,35.7%的场点人员随意进出,仅21.4%的场点设有车辆出入消毒设施,定期组织培训的场点仅占21.4%。结果表明,海南省历史疫情市县的猪链球菌Ⅱ型污染面广,防控效果不理想,疫情传播风险较高,尤其是疫情多发地区和散养户。建议政府主管部门加大防控力度,加强养殖人员技术培训和指导,提升养殖场点生物安全水平,减少疫情发生。本调查为今后海南省猪链球菌病防控提出了可行性指导意见。     

奶牛养殖小区规划设计研究与探讨

奶源基地建设是我国奶业发展的基础,奶牛养殖小区是目前我国奶牛养殖的可行模式。该文依据目前我国奶牛养殖约有72．7％为农户养殖的现状,立足奶牛养殖小区及其配套设施建设存在的问题,对奶牛养殖小区进行合理规划布局,并提出了奶牛养殖小区建设相应的技术参数,目的在于为奶牛养殖小区建设单位提供参考,改变我国庭院式奶牛饲养方式,提高奶牛饲养管理水平,改善奶源质量。在平面布局上,应该有管理生活区、奶牛生产区、辅助生产区和粪污处理区等4个功能区域。管理生活区和辅助生产区应建在小区的地势较高,上风向处;而粪污处理区设在地势低、下风向处;奶牛生产区设在小区中间。     

Betaine Alleviates Heat Stress-Induced Hepatic and Mitochondrial Oxidative Damage in Broilers

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary betaine (BET) on growth performance, redox state, and related gene expression in broilers under heat stress (HS). A total of 144 21-day-old male broiler chickens with similar body weights were assigned randomly to three treatments with six replicates (eight chickens per replicate cage). Broilers in the control (CON) group were kept at thermoneutral (TN, 22±1°C) conditions and fed a basal diet until they were 42 days of age. Broilers in the other two groups (defined as HS and HS + BET) were exposed to HS (34±1°C, 8 h/day) and fed the basal diet without or with 1000 mg/kg BET, respectively. Rectal and cockscomb temperature of broilers was increased (P<0.05) in HS and HS + BET groups compared with the CON group, whereas there was no difference between HS and HS + BET groups. Dietary BET supplementation restored (P<0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of broilers and reversed (P<0.05) the increase in serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver tissue of broilers under HS. The HS + BET group had higher (P<0.05) activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in the liver tissue and mitochondria than the HS group, and the same pattern was observed for glutathione (GSH) and GSH/glutathione disulphide (GSSG) in the liver tissue. The decreased mRNA levels of GPX1 and uncoupling protein (UCP) in the liver induced by HS were restored by BET supplementation. In conclusion, dietary BET supplementation can alleviate HS-induced hepatic and mitochondrial oxidative damage of broilers by regulating mRNA expressions of GPX1 and UCP.     

母猪批次化生产研发进展

批次化生产是欧美等畜牧业发达国家开发的一种工厂化养猪模式,近年来我国也在逐渐推广应用,它显著提升了猪场生产效率与生物安全,尤其对当前我国非洲猪瘟防控和生猪产能恢复具有重要意义。文章简述了母猪批次化生产的研发历史,并综述了其技术优势、关键技术以及我国目前研发、应用情况,以期提高我国母猪批次化生产水平,促进养猪业转型升级。     

不同品系杜洛克后代商品猪胴体性状的比较分析

为研究不同品系杜洛克作为终端父本对其后代商品猪胴体性状的影响,选取214和108头分别由美系和加系杜洛克公猪配种、出生时间相近(±2 d)和体重相近(35±5 kg)的后代三元商品猪进行育肥饲养,结束饲养后开展屠宰试验,测定背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率和肋骨数。结果显示:加系杜洛克商品后代的背膘厚度、眼肌厚度显著(P<0.05)高于美系杜洛克后代商品猪;加系杜洛克后代商品猪的瘦肉率、肋骨数显著(P<0.05)低于美系杜洛克。同一品系不同性别间背膘厚度、眼肌厚度、瘦肉率均不显著(P>0.05),加系商品公猪肋骨数极显著低于母猪肋骨数(P<0.01)。结论:美系杜洛克后代商品猪的胴体性状优于加系杜洛克后代商品猪。     

Kinect在现代农业信息领域中的应用与研究进展

2010年微软公司推出的Kinect体感设备不仅在游戏界引起了巨大的轰动,在其它多个研究领域也得到了越来越多的重视。本研究对Kinect在农业信息领域的应用现状和发展趋势做了深入分析,阐述了Kinect在果实目标检测识别、植物三维形态重建、畜牧养殖监督系统及农业虚拟教学等领域的应用,探讨了Kinect在农业领域应用中存在的问题及其在农业应用上的优缺点,并提出了Kinect在信息农业领域未来的发展方向及前沿问题。