优质晚籼稻产量因素分析及育种应用探讨

对62份优质晚籼稻新品系产量因素进行相关分析和通径分析．结果表明：各产量因素与产量均呈正相关,其中穴穗数、结实率和穗长与产量的相关达极显著或显著水平;对产量的净贡献率大小依次为穴穗数(39．2％)、结实率(24．58％)、每穗总粒数(17．8％)、千粒重(15．37％)。株高和穗长作用极微弱且为负值。各产量因素问相互制约,相互促进。根据研究结果和育种实践,认为优质晚籼稻高产育种的主攻方向是提高穴穗数、结实率和总粒数;高产(产量在550kg／667m^2以上)结构模式应该是有效穗21—23万穗／667m^2,每穗总粒数160—175粒,结实率85％-90％,千粒重25—28g.     

华南杂交晚籼高产,优质,高效组合选育实践及效果

提出华南杂交晚籼选育的８项意见，即优质性、高产性、抗病性、后期耐寒性、熟期适中性、早制晚用性、恢复系苗期耐寒性以及制种父母本播种差期短等。按此育成了博优２１０等组合，达到了预期的选盲目标。     

高黎贡山南段大型真菌多样性研究

以随机路线踏查法为主,样地法为辅,对该区林下大型真菌进行较系统地调查,除随机踏查路线外,共选取8块标准样地,调查高黎贡山南段大型真菌资源情况。结果表明：该区内大型真菌种类223种,隶属46科、86属。其中食用菌77种,药用菌21种,毒菌25种,食药兼用菌15种,不明80种;易危1种,近危1种,无危101种,中国特有种8种。优势科为红菇科（Russulaceae）、多孔菌科（Polyporaceae）、丝膜菌科（Cortinariaceae）、牛肝菌科（Boletaceae）、蘑菇科（Agaricalceae）、小菇科（Mycenaceae）。优势属为红菇属（Russula）、乳菇属（Lactarius）、丝膜菌属（Cortinarius）、鹅膏属（Amanita）、小菇属（Mycena）、小皮伞属（Marasmius）、多孔菌属（Polyporus）、粉褶菌属（Entoloma）、蜡蘑属（Laccaria）、栓菌属（Trametes）、马勃属（Lycoperdon）、湿伞属（Hygrocybe）、小孔菌属（Microporus）,不同样地的优势属各有不同。区系地理成分具有明显的温带性质,与热带—亚热带大型真菌区系具有一定的关系,与云南大围山相似性较高。     

定量机械通风对华南地区哺乳猪舍环境和母猪繁殖性能的影响

为探究定量机械通风对华南地区哺乳猪舍环境和母猪繁殖性能的影响,该研究实测并比较了该地区冬季自然通风和定量机械通风2种模式对两广小花猪哺乳猪舍的环境温度、湿度、二氧化碳、氨气浓度和母猪繁殖性能、呼吸频率、直肠温度等指标的影响。结果表明,在夜晚期间,自然通风哺乳舍的二氧化碳和氨气浓度分别为（817.16±25.28）和（7.88±0.34）mg/m3,均显著高于定量机械通风哺乳舍的（645.71±9.49）和（5.59±0.14）mg/m3（P＜0.01）;自然通风哺乳舍的全天二氧化碳和氨气浓度分别为（707.34±20.42）和（6.63±0.27）mg/m3,均显著高于定量机械通风哺乳舍的（583.25±10.06）和（4.81±0.13）mg/m3（P＜0.01）。定量机械通风模式下的出生活仔猪数为（12.50±0.55）头,与自然通风模式的（11.13±0.66）头相比具有升高的趋势（P=0.08）;定量机械通风模式的仔猪平均日增质量为（146±40）g,与自然通风模式的（133±70）g相比也具有增加的趋势（P=0.09）。然而,与定量机械通风相比,自然通风模式下的母猪平均日体质量损失（P=0.06）和平均日背膘损失（P=0.08）均有降低的趋势。此外,在哺乳第21天,自然通风模式的母猪呼吸频率为（69.50±3.85）次/min,显著高于定量机械通风模式的（57.29±1.54）次/min（P＜0.05）。综上,定量机械通风模式可对冬季华南地区两广小花猪哺乳母猪舍内空气质量有明显改善,提高母猪繁殖性能。     

Effects of ionic surfactants on the aggregate stability and water repellency of silt loam soil

Purpose

With the increase of surfactant usages, more and more concerns were paid on their effects on the physicochemical characteristics of soils. Up to now, only few researches have examined the effects of ionic surfactants on the stability of soil structure and soil water repellency.

Materials and methods

Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactant and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as anionic surfactant were adopted to investigate their effects on the aggregate stability and water repellency of a silt loam soil which was sampled in Corn High-Tech Park, Huang-Huai-Hai region, China. (1) Aggregate stability: 50 g soil was mixture with 100 mL surfactant solution in a beaker. The concentrations of surfactant solutions were 0 (the blank), 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 2000 mg L^?1, respectively. After 30 min, the soil was sieved and divided into four fraction aggregates. (2) Soil water repellency: the concentrations of surfactant solutions were the same as experiment 1. Forty grams of soil was blended with 80 mL surfactant solution in an aluminum specimen. Drying the water by oven of 40 °C firstly and then by air, the whole period was about 1 week. After that, soil water infiltration and sorptivity were measured.

Results and discussion

Compared to the blank, surfactants increased the amounts of 2–0.25 and <0.053 mm aggregates of the soil and decreased the amounts of 0.25–0.053 mm aggregates of the soil. Surfactants also increased the mean weight diameter (MWD) of the soil. Except the 200 mg L^?1 treatment, CTAB promoted the soil water infiltration. All SDS treatments impeded the soil water infiltration. The soil repellency factor (R) value of the blank was 1.22, lower than the critical value of 1.95, which implied that the soil of blank treatment was free of soil water repellency. For CTAB, only 200 and 400 mg L^?1 treatment’s R were higher than 1.95 while for SDS, all the treatment’s R were higher than 1.95.

Conclusions

Surfactants improved the stability of soil aggregates. Soil treated with CTAB did not show the repellency, whereas SDS treatment resulted in intense water repellency compared with the wettable blank soil. Findings of this study can be used to explain the role of ionic surfactants on soil structure stability as well as on the development of water repellency in lower soil depths.

     

对称传感结构的谷物清选损失监测装置研制

该文设计研制了一种联合收割机清选损失监测装置,采用对称传感器结构补偿干扰信号,带通电荷放大处理激励信号,经带通滤波电路有效提取谷粒损失信号,最后由单片机单元实时监测计数。通过实验室与田间试验分析,设计的监测仪能有效的监测联合收割机清选损失,最大测量误差为2.81%,满足实际设计监测要求。该研究可为谷物联合收割机清选损失测试研究提供参考。     

云南谷拉河渔业资源现状调查

2013年10月,通过现场调查和文献整理对云南省富宁县境内的谷拉河流域进行了渔业资源调查,采集到鱼类标本21种,共计355尾。结果显示:谷拉河以小型、杂食性及产粘性卵的鱼类为主,历史文献显示谷拉河流域分布鱼类5目14科56种,其中鲤科鱼类29种,占鱼类种类数的60.4%,为最主要的分布鱼类。谷拉河鱼类的区系成分包括热带平原鱼类区系、南方亚热带山区区系、江河平原鱼类区系以及第三纪早期鱼类区系,其中热带平原鱼类占22种,占鱼类种类数的45.83%,为主要的鱼类区系类群。     

Short-term storage and cryopreservation of Urechis unicinctus (Echiura: Urechidae) sperm

In the present study, attempts were made to preserve Urechis unicinctus sperm at 4°C. Cryopreservation procedures were optimized for various cryoprotectants and freezing rates, equilibration times and dilution ratios. During short‐term storage, the motility of undiluted sperm was extended for 6 days of cold storage,and in 70% and 100% artificial seawater only persisted for 2 and 4 days respectively. The survival rate of undiluted sperm was maintained at a high level accordingly. After cryopreservation, the highest motility and survival rate (41.5±2.2%) were obtained in 15% dimethyl sulphoxide (Me₂SO) using a freezing rate of 30°C min^?1. After thawing the sperm cryopreserved in glycerol lost almost all motility. The motility and survival rate of post‐thawing sperm did not show significant differences after 8 and 15 min equilibration using 15% Me₂SO as cryoprotectant; the values were significantly higher than those of 2 min equilibration. Comparisons of motility and survival rate between treatments pooled by dilution ratio showed that the effect of 1:1 ratio (sperm volume to cryoprotectant volume) was best. There was no difference between 1:3 and 1:5, and other ratioswere significantly worse.     

赤潮预报和防治方法

前言赤潮一般定义为:在一定条件下,海水中某些浮游植物、原生动物或细菌在一段时间内突发性增殖或高度聚集引发生态异常并造成危害的现象.20世纪50年代以来,随着各国工农产业和水产养殖业迅猛发展,赤潮灾害频频发生,针对此现象国际上许多组织陆续地将赤潮列入研究计划,如ICES(国际海洋勘探理事会)/IOC(政府间海洋学委员会)等都成立了相应赤潮研究组.