国家科技攻关白菜抗病育种进展

从白菜病理学研究,抗病性鉴定,抗性遗传规律和抗病机理研究,抗病新品种的选育和推广淫,抗病育种技术研究等５个方面了国家科技攻关白菜抗病育种的主要进展,并对白菜抗病育种的发展趋势和前景进行了探讨。     

耐热黄瓜新品种'津优4号'

‘津优４号’为耐热型黄瓜杂交种,夏季在３４～３６℃高温下可正常发育。对枯萎病、霜毒病、白粉病的抗性强,适合华北地区春露地及秋露地和越夏栽培。植株生长势强,春露地栽培产量可达７５ｔ／ｈｍ＾２。果实棒状,长３０ｃｍ左右,单瓜量１５０ｇ左右。商品性好,瓜色深绿,有光泽;瘤显著,密生白刺;果肉浅绿色,质脆,味甜,品质优。     

Interleukin-1β inhibits AKT to down-regulate eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells

AIM To investigate whether interleukin-1β （IL-1β） regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS） phosphorylation at Ser1177 site in human umbilical vein endothelial cells （HUVECs）, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS The HUVECs were randomly divided into normal control group, tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） group, IL-1β group, IL-6 group, SC79 ［protein kinase B （PKB/AKT） specific agonist］ group and SC79+IL-1β group. Western blot was used to determine the protein levels of eNOS, p-eNOS-Ser1177, AKT and p-AKT-Ser473 in the HUVECs. Chemical colorimetry was used to detect the nitric oxide （NO） content in the culture medium of HUVECs. RESULTS No statistically significant difference of p-eNOS-Ser1177 level in HUVECs treated with TNF-α and IL-6 was observed as compared with normal control group （P>0.05）, while the protein level of p-eNOS-Ser1177 in the HUVECs and the content of NO in the culture medium of HUVECs decreased significantly in IL-1β group （P<0.05）, and the protein level of p-AKT-Ser473 in the HUVECs was decreased as compared with normal control group （P<0.05）. The AKT agonist SC79 blocked the down-regulation effect of IL-1β on p-eNOS-Ser1177 level in the HUVECs and NO content in the culture medium of HUVECs （P<0.05）. CONCLUSION IL-1β down-regulates the protein level of p-eNOS-Ser1177 in HUVECs and affects the activity of eNOS, which may be involved in AKT/eNOS signaling pathway.     

Calcium oxalate accumulation and soil weathering in mats of the hypogeous fungus Hysterangium crassum

Fungal mats of Hysterangium crassum (Tul. and Tul.) Fischer occupied a mean of 9.6% of the upper 10 cm of soil developed under a 40–65 yr old stand of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) in Oregon. This hypogeous basidiomycete exudes large amounts of oxalic acid, some of which precipitates with Ca in microscopic crystals of calcium oxalate, resulting in a mean CaC₂O₄ content of 82g m^?2 for the entire soil. Soil oxalate concentration was significantly greater within fungal mats (P < 0.01) and soil pH was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than in soil adjacent to mats. The quantity of Ca present as CaC₂O₄ is 0.5 the amount of exchangeable Ca in the soil and exceeds the mass of Ca lost annually in runoff. Scanning electron micrographs show intense chemical weathering, attributable to oxalate attack, in the immediate vicinity of hyphae. X-ray diffraction patterns of clay indicate bulk weathering is more intense within the fungal mats than in adjacent uncolonized soil.     

苍溪梨果实褐斑病研究

近年来湖北襄阳一带苍溪梨果实上的褐斑病害,经研究证明,系磷、硼双缺引起。及时合理施硼,能迅速控制此病;保持土壤速效磷水平较高,可显著减轻受害程度     

花椰菜新品种夏雪40的选育

夏雪４０是以９１Ａ－Ｃ－２－Ｄ１３－９－１５为母本,９１Ｂ－Ｃ－１－２－５－８为父本配制的一代杂种,极早熟,成熟期４５天左右,株型直立紧凑,花球洁白,较紧实,平均单球重０．４５ｋｇ,耐高温高湿,每６６７ｍ＾２产量１４８０￣１６８０ｋｇ,比对照白峰早熟７天左右。     

原木灵芝孢子研究：（Ⅳ）未破壁孢子与破壁孢子的比较

扫描电镜观察表明,破壁前灵芝孢子形态完整,破壁后孢壁结构被破坏,通过透射电镜发现破壁孢子的孢内物质易被释放。观察结果表明,复合力场超微粉碎法的破壁率高,超声波—冻融破壁法的破壁效果也较好,而超声速超微气流粉碎法仅使大部分孢子变形,未破坏其孢壁结构。分析结果表明,破壁孢子粉(破壁率≥95％)的粗蛋白、总糖含量变化不大,但粗脂肪(6.35％)及水溶性多糖(2.18％)含量分别较未破壁的提高了38.95％和20.83％;锌、铜、铬、硒等微量元素的含量变化不大,但锰(20μg/g)和镍(5.2κg/g)的含量明显高于未破壁孢子。此外,包括牛磺酸在内的19种游离氨基酸含量也没有明显变化。     

富硒金针菇菌丝体多糖的分离和分析

试验采用热水浸提法从富硒金针菇菌丝体中提取多糖,菌丝体的多糖含量为42.30mg/g干菌丝,粗多糖收率为5.97％,粗多糖中多糖含量为73.62％。同时还研究了热水浸提法的分离工艺条件。     

灵芝原生质体形成与再生的研究

该文通过对原生质体形成与再生条件如酶类、渗透压稳定剂、ｐＨ、培养基、菌龄、酶解温度和时间等因素的研究表明,以Ｄ培养基、葡萄糖为渗透压稳定剂,酶液浓度为１５％Ｌｙｗ＋０２％Ｌｙｓ,ｐＨ４５～５５,培养菌龄为７２～９６ｈ,酶解温度为２０～２５℃条件下,酶解６０～９０ｍｉｎ,其破壁效果为最佳,原生质体形成和再生率都最高。     

大菱鲆致病性溶藻弧菌SR1的外膜蛋白及其抗原性分析

用十二烷基肌氨酸钠(Sarkosyl)抽提结合超速离心的方法提取了一株大菱鲆致病性溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus)SR1和其他7株弧菌的外膜蛋白。通过SDS-PAGE图谱分析比较了这8株弧菌外膜蛋白的组成,结果表明,8株弧菌的外膜蛋白电泳一般可得到6-12条条带,其分子量多集中在65-106 kD和28-48 kD,其中36 kD的蛋白带为8株弧菌所共有。用兔抗SR1全菌血清进行Western-blot印迹显示,菌株SR1的外膜蛋白条带中有6条发生了阳性反应,其分子量分别为73 kD、48 kD4、5 kD3、9 kD、36 kD和32 kD。而其他7株弧菌的外膜蛋白与兔抗SR1血清也发生程度不等的阳性反应,这些阳性反应条带的分子量集中在65-73 kD、45-48 kD和36-41 kD之间,其中36 kD的外膜蛋白在8株弧菌中均出现明显的阳性反应,说明36 kD的外膜蛋白是这8株弧菌共有的特异性抗原。