河南周口市粮食生产核心区建设面临的问题与建议

周口市作为河南省粮食生产大市,粮食核心区建设在全省乃至全国占据重要地位。分析了周口市目前核心区建设现状、遇到的瓶颈,对下一步的工作提出了建议,以期为粮食生产核心区建设提供理论参考。     

绿肥对于麦田硝酸氮含量之影响

华北土壤普遍缺乏氮肥及有机质。豆科绿肥为补充土壤氮素及有机质方法之一。但华北旱田鲜有实行绿肥者。同时中央农业实验所在陕西关中区举行之绿肥肥料试验及绿肥示范,其结果并未充分表现绿肥之效能,有时绿肥完全无效,有时绿肥尚能增加作物之产量,但其增加之产量远逊于南方绿肥之效果。华北绿肥效果不大之原因何在,颇值研究。中央农业实验所北平农事试验场于民国卅五年至卅六年间曾举行小麦绿肥试验,于卅元年夏播种绿豆,八月下旬压青,十月初播种小麦。于绿肥压青前后及小麦生长期间,定期测定土壤水分及硝酸氮含量,比较夏闲区与绿肥压青区之硝酸氮含量,研究绿肥压青对于硝酸氮含量之影响。兹将所得结果略述于后。     

Analysis on the effect of runoff retention and pollution load control for two vegetation roofs during rainfall events

In order to understand the effect of runoff retention and pollution load control for vegetation roofs during rainfall events, the evaluation criterion of vegetation roof performance is redefined and two vegetation roofs are established artificially based on the code for the design of roof greening, which is investigated during rainfall events. Results show that ophiopogon japonicus roof can delay the production of runoff by 25〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗48 min compared to the rain occurring and retention runoff volume by 40%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗58%, while sambucus dhinensis roof can make the generation of runoff 60〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗130 min later than the rain beginning and runoff volume retention can be as high as 54%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗80%. In addition to PO 3-4 P, the reduction of pollution load of NO -2 N, NH3 N, TP, COD, TN and NO -3 N by both vegetation roofs can reach 95.1%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗98.6%, 87.2%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗93%, 72.4%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗83%, 76%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗81.8%, 68.7%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗78.4% and 40.9%〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗60.6% respectively. The level of pH, COD, NH3 N and TP in vegetation roofs runoff can meet class Ⅲ surface water standard. Meanwhile, both vegetation roofs have similar effect in neutralization acid deposition (i.e., from 5.8〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗6.0 (in rain water) to 7.0〖XC半字线.tif,JZ〗7.6 (in eco roof runoff water)). Plants grown on vegetation roofs can influence the performance of vegetation roofs. Based on the results, ophiopogon japonicus has an advantage of sambucus chinensis in controlling phosphorus pollution, while sambucus chinensis manifests better in reducing nitrogen load. Vegetation roofs are becoming an important urban landscape more and more, and study results in this paper provide references for the improvement of vegetation roofs construction and more reasonable evaluation of their running performance.     

Can sieving size affect the determination of soil available micronutrients?

<正>Dear Editor,Globally, approximately two billion people suffer from micronutrient deficiencies(Tulchinsky, 2010; Myers et al.,2014).Soil micronutrient availability is of great importance for the evaluation of soil fertility and the determination of appropriate measures for improving crop quality and human health.The diethylenetriamine-penta-acetic(DTPA)     

玉米群体辐射传输特征

实验观测分析了玉米群体总辐射的透过率、截获率、反射率和消光系数,结果表明玉米群体总辐射透过率、反射率和消光系数具有明显日变化特征;玉米雄穗开花前后其群体透过率和截获率有明显变化;日际反射率随玉米生育期而异,初期达0.23,之后逐渐下降至0.14左右;生育期平均反射率约为0.19;总辐射和净辐射的消光系数分别为0.51和0.41。提出了总体消光系数的概念,该系数在观测期较稳定,约为0.26,依此利用入射总辐射可算出作物群体冠层辐射截获量。     

夏玉米田作物蒸腾与棵间土壤蒸发模拟计算方法研究

本文依据能量平衡原理和质量守恒定律，提出了作物蒸腾与棵间土壤蒸发的估算模式，并对参数的估算做了详细的分析和讨论。最后利用试验区实测资料，通过田间水热耦合运移的数值模拟，对夏玉米田作物蒸腾棵间土壤蒸发模型及其模拟计算方法进行了验证，结果表明，本文提出的模型和模拟计算方法是有效而实用的。     

高质量发展下我国休闲农业知识产权保护研究

随着农业新业态迅猛发展,我国农业新业态新领域的知识产权保护显著滞后,尤其在休闲农业领域较为突出。加强相关领域知识产权保护,对于促进我国农业高质量发展和乡村振兴具有重要作用。但是由于休闲农业相关知识产权保护制度体系缺乏可借鉴的国际经验、制度执行缺少针对性的保护手段、新型经营主体知识产权保护意识差等问题,对休闲农业长期健康发展造成较大影响。因此,应基于对不同主体知识产权应用与保护诉求的充分了解,精准创设新型知识产权制度、加快管理方式创新、搭建多元参与平台,系统解决创意设计边界不清、农业资源权利主体模糊、技术更迭快过制度供给等问题。     

宁夏回族自治区平罗县主要农作物碳足迹研究

农田碳足迹可以全面地反映农作物生产过程中各种因素引起的碳排放效应,是指导农业生产节能减排的重要指标。为探明农作物生产的碳足迹,基于宁夏回族自治区平罗县农田生产的实地调查数据,利用碳足迹的基本理论和方法,测算了该县农作物碳足迹。结果表明,水稻、玉米和小麦的碳足迹分别为1 487.56±164.59,913.03±142.99和809.75±144.99kg Ce/(hm2.a);碳成本分别为0.17±0.05,0.08±0.02g和0.12±0.03kg Ce/kg;化肥的施用量是影响碳足迹的主要因素,而水稻生产过程中灌溉水及育秧过程也是其碳足迹较高的主要原因。为了提高农田固碳减排增汇效益,应压缩水稻种植面积,扩大玉米和小麦种植,同时,建立节肥低碳高效的种植模式是实现平罗县农田节能减排的有效途径。