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11.
Mochizuki M Yachi A Ohshima T Ohuchi A Ishida T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2008,70(6):563-569
Infectious tracheobronchitis (ITB), also known as the kennel cough, is a respiratory syndrome of dogs and usually appears to be contagious among dogs housed in groups. Etiologic agent of ITB is multiple and sometimes complex. In the present study, 68 household dogs showing clinical signs of respiratory infection were examined, and 20 dogs (29.4%) were found to be positive for either of following agents. Bordetella bronchiseptica (B.b.) was most frequently detected from nasal and oropharynx sites of 7 dogs (10.3%). Among the viruses examined, canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) was detected with the highest frequency (7.4%). Other pathogens included in the order of frequency group 1 canine coronavirus (4.4%), canine adenovirus type 2 (2.9%), group 2 canine respiratory coronavirus (1.5%), and canine distemper virus (1.5%). Only 2 cases showed mixed infections. Neither influenza A virus nor canine bocavirus (minute virus of canines) was found in any dogs examined. These results indicate that both B.b. and CPIV are likely to be the principal etiologic agents of canine ITB in Japan, and they may be considered as the target for prophylaxis by vaccination. 相似文献
12.
Efficiency of a pedometer device for detecting estrus in standing heat and silent heat in Japanese Black cattle
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The usefulness of a radiotelemetric pedometer for estrus detection in standing (ST) heat, or in silent heat without ST events, but in which ovulation is observed, in Japanese Black cattle was investigated. The duration of an increase in steps in ST heat was 11.8 ± 1.3 hr, and it was similar to that of ST events (duration: 10.1 ± 0.8 hr). Even in silent heat, the change pattern and the duration (11.6 ± 0.2 hr) of the period with an increase in steps during estrus were not different compared with ST heat. When artificial insemination (AI) was performed at 15.5 ± 0.6 hr from the onset of estrus detected by the pedometer in ST heat cases, the conception rate was 57.1% (8/14). Furthermore, fertility in cattle that underwent silent heat was evaluated. When AI was performed at 14.4 ± 2.0 hr from the onset of estrus detected by the pedometer, the conception rate was 60% (3/5) in silent heat cases. The overall results suggest that the radiotelemetric pedometer is a valid device for detecting estrus and it can even detect silent heat in Japanese Black cattle. Moreover, even silent heat cattle are fertile when AI is performed at the appropriate time. 相似文献
13.
Dao Ha Viet Takata Yoshinobu Omura Takuo Sato Shigeru Fukuyo Yasuwo Kodama Masaaki 《Fisheries Science》2009,75(2):507-512
Previously we reported that a significant level of domoic acid, a causative toxin for amnesic shellfish poisoning, was detected
in bivalves belonging to a genus Spondylus from various tropical Asian countries. These findings indicate that causative plankton species for domoic acid widely distribute
in these areas. In the present study, we monitored seasonal change of domoic acid level of Spondylus versicolor in association with that of plankton samples in Nha Phu Bay, Khanh Hoa, Vietnam from December 2004 to October 2005. The toxicity
of S. versicolor showed distinct seasonal variation. During the period when domoic acid level of S. versicolor was increasing, a significant level of domoic acid was detected in the plankton samples, showing the correlation between
these two parameters. These findings show that plankton causative for domoic acid occurred in the bay, and S. versicolor accumulate domoic acid during a bloom of the toxic plankton by food web transfer. 相似文献
14.
We demonstrate a method for evaluating the appropriate number of samples required to estimate plant species richness in different
forest types within a forested landscape. In each of 36 plots (0.1 ha each) from 5 forest types (deciduous broad-leaved secondary
forest and 4 categories of coniferous plantation classified according to stand age) in central Japan, 40 quadrats of 1 × 1 m
were set in a regular pattern; the total number of quadrats in each forest type ranged from 200 to 400. In each plot, the
number of observed species in 40 quadrats ranged from 60 to 80% of the number of species estimated by the rarefaction method
for each forest type. Sampling 30 quadrats detected approximately 90% of the observed species in each plot that were detected
using 40 quadrats. In specific functional groups (i.e., tall trees and weed species), the ratios of both tall trees and weed
species to all species were at equilibrium for 30 or more quadrats. For fewer than 30 quadrats these ratios were highly variable.
No significant differences were found among forest types in the ratio of the observed number of species in each plot to the
estimated number of species calculated using the rarefaction method, and in sampling efficiency estimated by use of non-parametric
estimators. We concluded that the number of samples does not need to be changed according to forest type or plantation stand
age in the studied landscape, and that the method used to evaluate the number of samples could be useful. 相似文献
15.
16.
Sthitmatee N Kataoka Y Sawada T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2011,73(11):1445-1451
A mutant strain, PBA322, was constructed by electroporation of a phagemid containing the coding region of antisense RNA of the ompH gene, encoding 39 kDa capsular protein or OmpH, into the parental strain P-1059 (serovar A:3) of Pasteurella multocida, and the pathogenicity was determined in mice and chickens. Grayish colonies of the mutant, indicating loss of capsule synthesis, were observed under a stereomicroscope using obliquely transmitted light, while iridescent colonies were observed for the parental strain. Moreover, strain PBA322 showed a low amount of OmpH compared with the parental strain on SDS-PAGE. Additionally, the capsule of strain PBA322 was thinner than that of the parental strain according to electron microscopy, correlating to the attenuation against chickens. In conclusion, strain PBA322, the mutant of P. multocida strain P-1059, was completely attenuated for chickens. 相似文献
17.
Michishita M Akiyoshi R Yoshimura H Katsumoto T Ichikawa H Ohkusu-Tsukada K Nakagawa T Sasaki N Takahashi K 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(2):254-260
There is increasing evidence for the presence of cancer stem cells in several solid tumors, and these cancer stem cells have a potential role in tumor initiation, aggression, and recurrence. The stem cell-like properties of spheres derived from canine mammary tumors remain largely elusive. We attempted to induce sphere formation using four cell lines of canine mammary adenocarcinoma, and characterized the spheres derived from a CHMp line in vitro and in vivo. The CHMp-derived spheres showed predominantly CD44+CD24− population, higher expression of stem cell-related genes, such as CD133, Notch3 and MDR, and higher resistance to doxorubicin compared with the CHMp-derived adherent cells. Xenograft transplantations in nude mice demonstrated that only 1 × 104 sphere cells were sufficient for tumor formation. Use of the sphere assay on these sphere-derived tumors showed that sphere-forming cells were present in the tumors, and were maintained in serial transplantation. We propose that spheres derived from canine mammary adenocarcinoma cell lines possess a potential characteristic of cancer stem cells. Spheres derived from canine mammary tumors could be a powerful tool with which to investigate novel therapeutic drugs and to elucidate the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie tumorigenesis. 相似文献
18.
Tetsuo Asai Kaori Masani Chizuru Sato Mototaka Hiki Masaru Usui Kotaro Baba Manao Ozawa Kazuki Harada Hiroshi Aoki Takuo Sawada 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2011,53(1):52
A total of 318 Escherichia coli isolates obtained from different food-producing animals affected with colibacillosis between 2001 and 2006 were subjected to phylogenetic analysis: 72 bovine isolates, 89 poultry isolates and 157 porcine isolates. Overall, the phylogenetic group A was predominant in isolates from cattle (36/72, 50%) and pigs (101/157, 64.3%) whereas groups A (44/89, 49.4%) and D (40/89, 44.9%) were predominant in isolates from poultry. In addition, group B2 was not found among diseased food-producing animals except for a poultry isolate. Thus, the phylogenetic group distribution of E. coli from diseased animals was different by animal species. Among the 318 isolates, cefazolin resistance (minimum inhibitory concentrations: ≥32 μg/ml) was found in six bovine isolates, 29 poultry isolates and three porcine isolates. Of them, 11 isolates (nine from poultry and two from cattle) produced extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). The two bovine isolates produced blaCTX-M-2, while the nine poultry isolates produced blaCTX-M-25 (4), blaSHV-2 (3), blaCTX-M-15 (1) and blaCTX-M-2 (1). Thus, our results showed that several types of ESBL were identified and three types of β-lactamase (SHV-2, CTX-M-25 and CTX-M-15) were observed for the first time in E. coli from diseased animals in Japan. 相似文献
19.
Maria Portia P. Briones Kohji Hori Milagrosa R. Martinez-Goss Genji Ishibashi Takuo Okita 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,50(4):287-294
The physical properties, amount of oxalate-oxalic acid soluble substances (OOSS), protein and in vitro protein digestibility
ofNostoc commune from the Philippines and Japan were determined. The samples were the spherical type from the Philippines (PS), the dry field
discoid type from the Philippines (PD), and the dry field discoid type from Japan (JD). The discoid types, PD and JD, regardless
of origin showed higher settling volume in water (SV) and bulk density than PS. The OOSS values obtained for all samples were
directly related to SV and bulk density. The WHC level was highest in PS. This desirable characteristic makes PS a technologically
potential sample for large-scale food production applications in the future. Protein and in vitro protein digestibility varied
significantly among all samples. In general, the algal samples examined posses desirable physical properties which are expected
to be related to physiological functions. 相似文献
20.
Takuo Hishi Rieko Urakawa Naoaki Tashiro Yuka Maeda Hideaki Shibata 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(2):343-356
This study aimed to evaluate the spatial patterns of soil nitrogen (N) transformations in relation to slope aspect and position, and to investigate the main factors controlling N transformation patterns during both the growing and dormant seasons in cool-temperate deciduous natural forests and larch plantations in eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. Net rates of N mineralization (NRminN) and of nitrification (NRnit) in surface soils on north-facing and lower slopes were higher than those on south-facing and upper slopes, whereas the net rate of ammonium-N production (NRamm) on south-facing and upper slopes was higher than that on north-facing slopes in both the natural forests and larch plantations. Both NRminN and NRnit were higher in the growing than in the dormant season, whereas NRamm was higher in the dormant season. The soil C/N ratio, water content, soil pH and frequency of freeze–thaw cycles were important variables affecting N transformation patterns in any season. In relation to seasonality, the solar radiation index, daily temperature range and earthworm biomass were important controlling factors only during the growing season, and watershed area and soil N concentration only during the dormant season, suggesting that biological control accompanied with wet–dry events were important factors affecting N transformations during the growing season, but that run-off water and chemical controls were important determinants of spatial variation in N transformations during the dormant season. 相似文献