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51.
Tomomi Kaku Satoshi Serada Kei’ichi Baba Fumio Tanaka Takahisa Hayashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(4):250-257
Angiosperm trees bend their stems by forming tension wood at the upper side of leaning stems. Most tension wood has a cellulose-rich
G-layer in the innermost surface of the fiber cell wall. Strong tensile stress is considered to occur in the G-layer. This
study undertook to identify the proteins involved in G-layer formation and function through a proteomic analysis of G-layer-localized
protein. G-layers of poplar were loosened by sonication and isolated as doughnut-shaped pieces of thinly sliced transverse
sections. The proteins, once extracted with urea/detergent solution, were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis, and 110 spots were subjected to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). A database search
for these spots’ mass spectrum patterns identified 72 proteins. In addition, all peptide digestion mixtures of G-layer proteins
were separated by strong cation exchange chromatography and 39 proteins were identified using LC/MS/MS analysis. Proteins
involved in wall formation, such as lignin biosynthesis-related protein, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase, and fasciclin-like
arabinogalactan protein, were notably detected in the G-layer. 相似文献
52.
This study investigated and clarified the relation between the piezoelectric voltage and microscopic fracture of hinoki (Chamaecyparis obtura Endl.), in particular the deformation of the cross-sectional wall of the tracheid in linear-elastic regions under combined compression and vibration stresses. The piezoelectric voltage-deformation (P-D) curve consisted of a linear region starting from the origin followed by a convex curved region. The linear region of theP-D curve was only about 60% of that of the load-displacement (L-D) curve. By applying combined stresses to a specimen, the cross-sectional walls of the tracheid were deformed mainly at the radial walls. When a tracheid was regarded approximately as a hexagonal prism, the elastic buckling stress of the radial wall was estimated from scanning electron microscope images and our method based on a modification of the Gibson and Ashby method. As a result, it was estimated that the elastic buckling stress was only about 80% of the stress at the proportional limit of theP-D curve. It is found that there are two consecutive regions before the proportional limit of theP-D curve: One is the region up to the spot where the radial cell wall generates the elastic buckling, and the other is the region starting from the end of the aforementioned region up to the proportional limit of theP-D curve.Part of this paper was presented at the 47th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kochi, April 3–5, 1997 相似文献
53.
In-Ok?Kim Takahisa?Mituhasi Tae-Hyun?Jo Chang-Doo?Park Tadashi?TokaiEmail author 《Fisheries Science》2005,71(4):713-720
ABSTRACT: The effect of various tooth spacing on the contact selection and the net-mouth available selection of a dredge for the equilateral Venus clam Gomphina melanaegis is evaluated by applying a contact-probability model based on the SELECT method to the data of paired-gear tests with a control dredge of 12-mm tooth spacing and four test dredges of tooth spacing 16, 20, 24 and 35 mm. A master selection curve was estimated to be s ( R ) = exp(−11.23 R + 4.799)/(1 + exp[−11.23 R + 4.799]) where, R is l / d , the ratio of the shell length, l , to the tooth spacing, d . The shell width of 50% retention was slightly smaller than the tooth spacing, which means that size selectivity of teeth was a type of contact selection which was dependent on the tooth spacing. Contact probability, δ, of the clams coming into contact with the teeth were 0.625, 0.467, 0.563, 0.670 and 0.976 for tooth spacing 12, 16, 20, 24 and 35 mm, respectively. This indicates that some clams entered the dredge bagnet without contacting the teeth as the sand clogging the tooth spacing carried them into the bagnet. Available selection curve of the dredge net-mouth with teeth was obtained as δ s ( R ) + 1 − δ , and examined in terms of the legal landing size of the Venus clam. 相似文献
54.
Shinya TAKENOUCHI Yui KOBAYASHI Tatsuya SHINOZAKI Koji KOBAYASHI Tatsuro NAKAMURA Tomohiro YONEZAWA Takahisa MURATA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2022,84(5):689
Although feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) distresses of many cats, its pathogenesis is unknown and the diagnosis is challenging. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are metabolized into various lipid mediators. Lipid mediators such as prostaglandins (PGs) modulate inflammation and many of them are excreted into the urine. Thus, the investigation of the urinary lipid profile may reveal pathogenesis and help diagnosis of FIC. We collected urine samples from five FIC cats by spontaneous urination and analyzed 158 types of lipid mediators in urines using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The urinary levels of PUFAs were higher in FIC compared to those of the healthy group. The excretions of a major inflammatory mediator, PGD2, were less in FIC. Other well-known inflammatory mediators such as PGE2, PGI2, and their metabolites did not show a difference. In contrast, the levels of PGF2α and its 2 metabolites and PGF3α were higher in FIC. These results may provide new insights into the future management of cat FIC. 相似文献
55.
Toru Taniguchi Ken-ichi Konagaya Manabu Kurita Naoki Takata Katsuaki Ishii Teiji Kondo Fumiaki Funahashi Seiichi Ohta Tomomi Kaku Kei’ichi Baba Rumi Kaida Takahisa Hayashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2012,58(6):550-556
Xyloglucan is thought to be a key hemicellulose cross-linking adjacent cellulose microfibrils in plant cell walls. The growth traits of transgenic poplars (Populus alba) with decreased xyloglucan from overexpression of Aspergillus aculeatus xyloglucanase were characterized during a 4-year field trial. The field-trial site consisted of two blocks, a fertile soil block and a non-fertile soil block, determined by soil analysis. In the fertile block, the growth of aboveground biomass of the transgenic poplars was reduced to 24?C44?% compared to that of wild-type poplars, in contrast to the growth seen in chamber and greenhouse conditions. In the non-fertile block, the aboveground biomass of transgenic poplars was also smaller than that of the wild-type poplars. Because poplars reproduce asexually by root suckers, we also compared the formation of root suckers from transgenic and wild-type poplars. Root suckers formed less frequently from transgenic poplars than from wild-type poplars. The growth rates of root suckers from transgenic poplars were also slower than those from wild-type poplars. The results showed that constitutive degradation of xyloglucan impairs poplar growth and vegetative reproduction ability. 相似文献
56.
Hiroya Fujimoto Keisuke Matsumoto Minori Koseki Hideaki Yamashiro Takahisa Yamada Ryozo Takada 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)
This study was carried out to evaluate the nutritional effects of rice feeding and carnitine addition to a diet for broiler chicks. Thirty‐six male 10‐day‐old broiler chicks were assigned to one of the following four treatment groups: corn‐based diet (corn group), rice‐based diet (rice group), and each diet with added carnitine (100 ppm). The experimental period was 2 weeks. Rice feeding resulted in significantly higher growth performance (body weight gain and feed efficiency) compared to corn feeding. Carnitine addition also resulted in higher growth performance. Breast muscle and thigh muscle weight (g) were significantly higher in broiler chicks fed rice and those fed diets with added carnitine. Liver mRNA expression of IGF‐I was significantly higher in broiler chicks fed rice compared to those fed corn. There was no significant difference in mRNA expression of muscle atrogin‐1 or liver CPT‐I between broiler chicks fed rice and those fed corn, not between broilers chicks fed diets containing carnitine or not. Overall, these results show that rice feeding and carnitine addition improve the growth performance of broiler chicks by increasing mRNA expression of liver IGF‐I. In addition, carnitine action is not affected by different cereals (corn and rice). 相似文献
57.
Fumio OKABE Yoko NAKAGIRI Takahisa YAMADA Hiroyuki KOSE 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(5):601-604
Diabetic patients need particular care in case of infection, digestive disorder or
external injury, because external stress often exasperates the glucose metabolism, which
is known as “sick day management”. In addition, severe trauma can be a cause of
hyperglycemia with insulin resistance. In spite of critical component of the treatment,
the precise mechanisms of how trauma develops posttraumatic diabetes remain unknown. Here,
we ablated body wall muscles in Drosophila larvae by laser beam and found
that the level of trehalose, the principal sugar circulating in the hemolymph or in the
tissues of most insects, was increased. The model may provide a helpful tool to understand
the relationship between trauma and sugar metabolism. 相似文献
58.
Takahisa Maeda Masayasu Hayashi Ryoichi Imasu Zifa Wang 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):355-360
A numerical analysis of modeled long-range transport of sulfur oxides in the continental areas of East Asia with some verification was introduced. Although several modeling studies on acidic deposition in East Asia have been done, only few cases have verified in wide areas. In this study, the model calculation has been compared with the monthly averaged sulfur concentration in precipitation observed at 69 locations widely covering China from July 1992 through January 1993. Additionally, the atmosphericSO2 90Sr concentration along the east coast of the continent was also compared with the observation in May 1993, and found to be reasonably consistent. Basing on these comparisons, the budget of sulfur oxides in China, especially about the outflow from the east coast to the sea areas was examined considering the seasonal variation of distribution of wet deposition and the pathways of atmospheric sulfur oxides. The seasonal variation of these indices was found to have large difference between the north and the south of 35°N. The outflow from the east coast increased remarkably in winter due to the decrease of deposition in the inland areas along the transport pathways. 相似文献
59.
The shattering habit in buckwheat occurs because of brittle or weak pedicels. Brittle pedicels are observed in wild buckwheat
but not in cultivated buckwheat. Using 2 self-compatible lines, 01AMU2 with brittle pedicels and Kyukei SC2 (KSC2) with non-brittle
pedicels, produced by an interspecific cross between Fagopyrum esculentum cv Botansoba (non-brittle) andF. homotropicum (brittle), we investigated the inheritance of brittle pedicels. F1 plants derived from crosses between Botansoba × 01AMU2 and Botansoba × KSC2 had brittle pedicels. The F2 population derived from the cross between Botansoba × 01AMU2 showed segregation of brittle and non-brittle pedicels that
fit the expected 3:1 ratio, suggesting that non-brittle pedicel in Botansoba is controlled by a single recessive gene (sht1). Another F2 population, derived from the cross between Botansoba × KSC2, showed segregation of brittle and non-brittle pedicels that
fit an expected ratio of 9:7,suggesting that non-brittle pedicel in KSC2is controlled by a different single recessive gene
(sht2). Thus, brittle pedicel is achieved by 2 complementary genes Sht1 and Sht2. The sht1 locus is linked to the S locus with a recombination frequency of5.46±1.18 (%). We investigated whether common buckwheat has the allele sht2by crossing 6 common buckwheat lines withKSC2. An analysis of the preliminary data showed that some of the F1 had brittle pedicels and others had non-brittle pedicels, suggesting that some common buckwheat lines possess both the allelesSht2 and sht2.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
60.
Atsushi Sakai Takahisa Hirayama Shigenori Oshioka Yasumasa Hirata 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(4):253-265
Large areas of previously clear-cut conifer plantations have been recently abandoned in Japan. We investigated the vegetation
in the clear-cut sites and examined the environmental factors affecting species composition of the vegetation. We set up 32
study sites, each composed of several study plots (5 × 5 m), ranging from 220 m to 1060 m a.s.l. Elevation and warmth index
(cumulated thermal quantity) were the primary factors affecting the species composition, with clear-cut areas showing a smaller
effect in the nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) ordination. Two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) divided the
32 study sites into ten vegetation groups, clustering the sites by elevation or by postharvest disturbances (i.e., replanting
or browsing of Sika deer). Deciduous trees and shrubs were significant in the vegetation cover at higher elevations, while
they were less so in areas of high Sika deer populations. We also investigated the abundance of old-growth species, which
are expected to regenerate where the clear-cut site is abandoned. Evergreen Quercus and Castanopsis saplings were abundant at low elevations (<600 m), suggesting that they will successfully regenerate. The sapling densities
of Abies firma and Betula grossa were significantly large where a clear-cut site was adjacent to natural forest, which is expected to act as a seed source.
This implies that degraded deciduous forests may establish after clear-cutting at intermediate and high elevations (>600 m)
if the clear-cut site is distinct from seed sources. It is argued that the preservation of natural forests is critical for
the regeneration of old-growth species. 相似文献