卤虫卵化学成分的分离与分析

本试验对卤虫卵的化学成分进行分离和分析。卤虫卵的含油量为7．1％，油中不皂化物的含量为4．9％，主要为胆甾醇。脂肪酸中含有较大量的油酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、花生四烯酸和二十碳五烯酸。卤虫卵含蛋白质为20．9％，还含有多种氨基酸。     

副溶血弧菌对斑节对虾和日本对虾的致病力研究

作为条件致病菌的弧菌,前人对其致病性已作了大量的研究,但不同研究者得出的结果很不一致,有的甚至相互矛盾［1－4］,其差异主要在于浸泡感染能否使健康对虾致病。因此,本实验以不同的感染方式以及不同的实验条件,对斑节对虾体内分离出的副溶血弧菌的致病力进行研究,以便了解对虾弧菌病的发病条件。１材料与方法１.１材料 对虾：体长７～９ ｃｍ的健康斑节对虾（Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓ ｍｏｎｏｎｄｏｎ）和日本对虾（Ｐ．ｊａｐｏｎｉｃｕｓ）,直接购于养殖场。 菌株：对虾病原菌一副溶血弧菌（Ｖｉｂｒｉｏ ｐｏｒａ－ｈａｅｍｏｌｙｔｉ…     

南沙群岛重点岛礁潟湖微型浮游动物的群落结构与摄食

潟湖是岛礁生物多样性演变的重要环境场,在岛礁水生态系统的物质循环和能量流动中发挥重要作用,而微型浮游动物的生态功能研究是解析南沙群岛岛礁水域潟湖生态系统初级生产力组成、流向、能量流动效率的重要研究内容之一。实验通过对南沙群岛重点岛礁渚碧礁、美济礁与永暑礁潟湖表层水域中微型浮游动物与生态环境调查,研究了其群落结构及其与环境因子的关系,并通过稀释培养实验研究了微型浮游动物的摄食压力。结果显示,调查水域共发现微型浮游动物20种,总丰度的范围为320～1 460个/L,以无壳纤毛虫丰度最高。无壳纤毛虫在渚碧礁潟湖西部水域（ZB-1）丰度最高,砂壳纤毛虫峰值则出现在永暑礁潟湖中部水域（YS-3）,桡足类幼体丰度最大值出现在美济礁潟湖北部水域（MJ-2）。聚类分析结果显示,3个岛礁潟湖中部区域的微型浮游动物群落相似度较高,溶解氧是影响群落结构的最重要因素,特别是对MJ-3站位影响最为突出。摄食实验结果显示,3个岛礁潟湖水域浮游植物生长率为0.22～1.36 d^-1;微型浮游动物摄食率范围为0.22～0.60 d^-1,微型浮游动物每天约摄食浮游植物现存量的...     

中华倒刺鲃仔、稚鱼的耳石微结构与日轮形成特征

以中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)亲鱼为材料,在实验室养殖条件下以人工孵化的丰年虫(Eubranchipus vernalis)为仔、稚鱼饵料,通过已知日龄法观察其耳石的微结构,分析其日轮形成特征。结果表明,仔、稚鱼的微耳石和矢耳石一般由1个中心核和1个耳石原基组成,少数存在多个中心核或原基现象,星耳石中心核和原基区分不明显。微耳石和矢耳石中心核直径分别为(37.73±5.34)μm和(39.78±7.11)μm,耳石原基直径分别为(16.29±3.46)μm和(17.09±3.88)μm。矢耳石和星耳石轮纹清晰度、规律性、周期性和完整性不及微耳石;微耳石第1条日轮在仔鱼出膜后第2天形成,以后每天沉积1轮。30日龄稚鱼微耳石轮纹数(N)与日龄(T)的关系符合直线模型,相关关系式为:N=1.0016T-0.8753(R2=0.9961,P<0.01,n=197),线性方程斜率与1无显著性差异(P>0.05)。在微耳石和矢耳石样本中共观察到孵化标记轮和转移标记轮2种,其中孵化标记轮的出现率分别为78.68%和83.33%,转移标记轮的出现率分别为29.95%和48.98%。60尾33日龄稚鱼微耳石的生长轮宽度变化范围0.522~2.244μm,平均为(1.087±0.231)μm。     

Effects of dietary macroalgae meal and lipid source on growth performance and body wall fatty acid composition of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

A 70‐day experiment was conducted to examine the effects of different macroalgal meals and lipid sources on growth, body wall composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. Two macroalgal meals including Sargassum muticum (SM) and Gracilaria lemaneiformis (GL) and two lipid sources including fish oil (FO) and vegetable oil (VO) were formulated into four diets, i.e., S. muticum and fish oil (SF), S. muticum and vegetable oil (SV), G. lemaneiformis and fish oil (GF) and G. lemaneiformis and vegetable oil (GV). The results showed that the specific growth rates (SGR) of A. japonicus fed diets containing SM were significantly higher than those fed diets containing GL. No significant differences in SGR between the FO‐based and VO‐based groups were observed. Similar results were observed in the body wall lipid content. Most body wall FAs changed to resemble the dietary FA proportions because of the dietary effect. Concentrations of 20:4n‐6 of the SF and GF groups were significantly lower than the SV and GV groups, while levels of 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 were significantly higher than the SV and GV groups. The n‐3/n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratios of the SF and GF groups were significantly higher than the SV and GV groups. Moreover, the SF group had significantly higher 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 contents and n‐3/n‐6 PUFAs ratio than the GF group. These findings reveal that the SF diet can show beneficial effects on both growth performance and body wall n‐3 PUFAs content of A. japonicus.     

罗源湾夏季鱼卵和仔稚鱼种类组成与数量分布

分析研究了2009年7月福建罗源湾鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成及数量分布。共鉴定19种鱼类的鱼卵和仔稚鱼,隶属于13科。其中,鱼卵10种、仔稚鱼14种。夏季,罗源湾水平拖网鱼卵和仔稚鱼平均密度分别为1.80 ind/m3和0.54 ind/m3;垂直拖网鱼卵和仔稚鱼平均密度分别为4.11 ind/m3和2.63 ind/m3。鱼卵、仔稚鱼以鳀科数量最多,优势种类为中颌棱鳀(Thrissa mystax)和康氏小公鱼(Stolephoruscommersonli)。与历史资料相比,不但种类数减少,且优势种由多科鱼类并存向鳀科鱼类为主转变。夏季鱼卵、仔稚鱼主要分布在罗源湾中北部海域及湾口附近。     

Evaluating habitat suitability indices derived from CPUE and fishing effort data for Ommatrephes bratramii in the northwestern Pacific Ocean

Neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) plays an important role in the pelagic ecosystem and is an international fishery resource with high commercial value in the North Pacific Ocean. The west stock of winter–spring cohort of this species is an important target for the squid-jigging vessels of Japan, Korea and China (including Taiwan). The squid has a life span of less than 12 months, and its population dynamics is heavily influenced by its environment. Thus, a good understanding of its interactions with the habitats, often quantified with a habitat suitability index (HSI) model, is critical in developing a sustainable fishery. In this study, using the Chinese commercial squid-jigger fishery data and corresponding environmental variables we conducted HSI modeling to evaluate the habitat of the west stock of winter–spring cohort of neon flying squid in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. We compared catch per unit effort (CPUE) and fishing effort data in HSI modeling. This study suggests that the CPUE-based HSI model tends to overestimate the ranges of optimal habitats and under-estimate monthly variations in the spatial distribution of optimal habitats. We conclude that a fishing effort-based HSI model performs better in defining optimal habitats for neon flying squid. According to the fishing-effort-based HSI model, the optimal ranges of the following key habitat variables are defined: from 16.6 to 19.6 °C for SST, from 5.8 to 12 °C for temperature at depths of 35 m, from 3.4 to 4.8 °C for temperature at depth of 317 m, from 33.10 to 33.55 psu for SSS and from ?20 cm to ?4 cm for SLH.     

一株感染深水网箱养殖许氏平鲉的病原菌分离与鉴定

2016年7月,山东省长岛县深水网箱养殖许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)暴发严重皮肤溃疡症。作者对病鱼进行病原菌分离。通过形态学观察、常规生理生化试验、gyrB和16S rDNA基因克隆测序等方法对分离菌株进行鉴定。在病灶溃疡处分离到一株绝对优势菌BZ01,该菌株在TSB固体培养基上呈半透明菌落,在TCBS选择性培养基上菌落呈绿色。透射电镜观察为短棒状,具有单根极生鞭毛。人工回接感染证明,该菌株对许氏平鲉具有较强的致病力,可以引起皮肤溃疡等症状,且与自然感染症状一致,其LD₅₀为2.07×10~6 CFU/ml。通过gyrB和16S rDNA基因序列测定并构建系统发育树显示,菌株BZ01与弧菌属同源性最高,并在系统发育树中与轮虫弧菌(Vibrio rotiferianus)聚为一枝,结合形态及生理生化表型测定结果,将该菌株鉴定为轮虫弧菌(V.rotiferianus)。药敏试验结果显示,该菌株对四环素类、喹诺酮类、香豆素类、肽酰转移酶类高度敏感,而对大环内酯类、多肽类、磺胺类、β-内酰胺类、氨基糖苷类中度敏感或不敏感。     

天津港口疏浚淤泥悬浮物对海洋动物的急性毒性效应

研究了不同浓度的悬浮物对鲈鱼和梭鱼幼体的毒性效应。实验结果表明:疏浚淤泥悬浮相对其效应明显。21℃和24℃试验水温时,悬浮物对鲈鱼幼苗的急性毒性实验结果分别为:96hLC50为1 711.2mg/L、1 052.8mg/L;安全浓度分别为:171.12、105.28mg/L;悬浮物对梭鱼幼苗的急性毒性实验结果分别为:96h LC50为453.6、168.1mg/L;安全浓度分别为:45.36、16.81mg/L。随温度、悬浮物浓度的升高,毒性效应呈增强趋势。     

鲤春病毒血症病毒糖蛋白基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

根据Gen Bank中鲤春病毒血症病毒(SVCV)糖蛋白全基因序列设计特异性引物,以SVCV欧洲株病毒核酸为模板,通过RT-PCR方法获得欧洲株SVCV-G基因,克隆至p PICZαA,构建p PICZαASVCV1540表达质粒。以限制性内切酶Sac I线性化p PICZαASVCV1540后通过化学法转化毕赤酵母感受态细胞X33和GS115,添加1%甲醇进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE电泳分析表达产物显示其分子质量为70 ku。Western Blot分析显示该蛋白可以被SVCV山羊多抗识别,表明目的蛋白具有反应原性。