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961.
A carbonaceous sorbent was prepared from the wood of Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) by dehydration with concentrated sulfuric acid in a 69% yield. The abilities of the sorbent to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous
solutions were investigated. Research parameters included the initial solution pH, temperature, and initial concentration
of Cr(VI) in solution. The removal of Cr(VI) was highly solution pH dependent and was mainly governed by physicochemical sorption
under weak acidic conditions. The equilibrium data fit well in the Langmuir isotherm model. The Langmuir constants were calculated
at different temperatures, and the sorption capacity increased with rising temperature, indicating the endothermic nature
of the Cr(VI) sorption onto the sorbent. The desorption experiments suggest that the Cr(VI) sorption is generally irreversible,
owing to strong interaction of HCrO
4
−
with the active sites of the sorbent. 相似文献
962.
Mélanie Saulnier Jean-Louis Edouard Christophe Corona Frédéric Guibal 《Annals of Forest Science》2011,68(1):189-200
•Introduction
In the context of climate change, assessing climate–growth relationships is of high importance in order to understand how forest ecosystems evolve and to test climate models at regional scale. 相似文献963.
Inger Sundheim Fløistad Gro Hylen Kjersti Holt Hanssen Aksel Granhus 《New Forests》2018,49(2):231-247
Natural regeneration of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) is a relatively common practice in Norway on medium to low site indices. However, seedling establishment is often hampered by rapid regrowth of competing vegetation in scarified patches. The aim of our study was to examine the effect of coordinating scarification towards an expected seed-fall, by studying germination and seedling establishment in scarified patches of different age (fresh, one- and two-year-old). The experiment was conducted in two stands in southeast Norway that were clear-cut in 2007. Scarification was applied to subplots in autumn 2008–2010. To simulate seed-fall, seeds were sown in fresh scarification patches in spring 2009–2011, in one-year-old patches in 2010 and 2011, and in two-year-old patches in 2011. Both germination and seedling survival were negatively affected by the age of the scarified patches. Germination was higher, and mortality lower, at the small fern woodland site, compared with the bilberry woodland site. Sowing in fresh patches also resulted in increased height and root collar diameter of the seedlings compared with sowing in older patches. It is likely that the competing vegetation both on the site and in the scarification patches affected the growth of the seedlings. In conclusion, the age of the scarified patches affected both germination and mortality, as well as early growth of the seedlings. 相似文献
964.
An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of earthworm (Metaphire guillelmi) activities on rice photosynthates distribution in plant–soil system through 14C pulse-labelling method. Rice was planted in pots, and maize straw was mulched on the surface with or without earthworms.
Rice plants at tillering stage or heading stage were labelled with 14CO2. Plant and soil were sampled 15 days after labelling at the tillering or heading stage and at harvest. Rice growth was inhibited
by earthworms (M. guillelmi) at early stage, but the inhibition disappeared at later stage. Earthworms significantly (P < 0.01) increased the 14C percentage in root at day 15 after tillering stage labelling, but the effect disappeared at harvest. Earthworms (M. guillelmi) significantly (P < 0.01) increased the 14C percentage in root at day 15 after heading stage labelling and increased 14C percentage in soil at harvest. Earthworms decreased the percentages of total organic 14C (TO14C) present as microbial biomass 14C (MB14C) and increased the percentages of total organic 14C present as dissolved organic 14C (DO14C) at all sampling times. It is suggested that earthworms might alter the transfer of plant photosynthates from the aboveground
to the belowground, and thus, soil active C pool. However, these data should be also confirmed in the field. 相似文献
965.
Jonathan M. Gray Bin Wang Cathleen M. Waters Susan E. Orgill Annette L. Cowie Ee Ling Ng 《Soil Use and Management》2022,38(1):229-247
Digital soil maps of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential resulting from a hypothetical 10% relative increase in long-term vegetation cover are presented at 100-m resolution across the state of New South Wales (NSW) in southeast Australia. This land management outcome is considered realistically achievable for many land managers, using strategies such as revegetation, grazing management or crop residue management. A mean state-wide potential increase of 5.4 Mg ha−1 over the 0- to 30-cm depth interval was derived. Assuming a 20-year period of re-equilibration, this equates to an average SOC increase of 0.27 Mg ha−1 year−1. Sequestration potential is systematically influenced by a combination of climate, soil parent material and current vegetation cover, for example only 1.6 Mg ha−1 SOC under dry conditions in sandy, infertile soil material with sparse vegetation cover, compared with 15.9 Mg ha−1 under wet conditions in clay-rich, fertile soil material with moderate–high vegetation cover. The outputs could be used to identify locations of highest sequestration potential and thereby help prioritize areas and inform decisions on sequestration programmes. Future application of the method at field scale with high levels of accuracy, together with strategic sampling, may provide statistically reliable estimates of carbon sequestration, for application in carbon trading schemes such as Australia's Emissions Reduction Fund. The modelling involved a conceptually transparent ‘space-for-time substitution’ process. Multiple linear regression (MLR) and random forest (RF) modelling techniques were applied, but only MLR gave consistently meaningful results. The apparent failing of RF in this application warrants further examination. 相似文献
966.
Ziegler PE Santucci F Lindergard G Nydam DV Wade SE Schaaf SL Chang YF Mohammed HO 《Veterinary therapeutics : research in applied veterinary medicine》2007,8(2):148-159
This study investigated the utility of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol as a screening test for Cryptosporidium spp in 125 fecal samples from dairy cattle and wild rodents. Samples initially examined by fecal flotation and ELISA were evaluated using four PCR protocols (18S SSU rRNA, TRAP-C2, HSP70, and COWP), and the relative accuracy and agreement of PCR protocols was assessed. Although PCR can be both highly sensitive and accurate, the ability of these protocols to accurately detect DNA in samples can vary. A combination of techniques may be the best choice for to screen samples for this parasite. 相似文献
967.
Chun-Lung Su Ian A. Gardner Wesley O. Johnson 《Journal of Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Statistics》2007,12(2):250-271
We develop Bayesian models to estimate cluster-level test characteristics, sensitivity, specificity, prevalence, and predictive
values, based on four different sampling schemes: a single test case and three sequential test cases. The corresponding cluster-level
characteristics are calculated and compared for different sample sizes, sampling schemes, individual-level sensitivities,
specificities, and cut-off values. We compared posterior estimates of individual-level and cluster-level characteristics for
these four sampling schemes with simulated data. Two illustrations, one for Johne’s disease in cattle and another for Salmonella
in pig herds, are used to demonstrate application of the methods. 相似文献
968.
María Eugenia Salgado Salomón Carolina Barroetaveña Mario Rajchenberg 《New Forests》2011,41(2):191-205
We investigated if Pinus ponderosa plantations in Patagonia are able to produce viable mycorrhizal inocula towards adjacent grasslands, which only harbor endomycorrhizal
vegetation. We hypothesized that these inocula have the potential to contribute to the establishment of naturally disseminated
seedlings. Also, we determined the main fungal taxa involved in this process. Seven plantations in the onset of their reproductive
phase and located in the Patagonian native forest/steppe ecotone (Argentina) were selected. Soil samplings were obtained at
nine points along a 450 m long, W-E transect established in each plantation. Soil bioassays were performed in a greenhouse,
with P. ponderosa seedlings acting as hosts for mycorrhizal inocula present in soil samples, during 12 months. Mycorrhization percentage, morphotype
richness and morphotype composition was determined through morphological evaluation. Viable ecto- and ectendomycorrhizal inocula
were found disseminated outside plantations. The amount of mycorrhizal inoculum followed a decreasing function with distance
to plantation edges. Mycorrhizal fungal genus Rhizopogon and “E-strain” mycorrhizal types appeared as pioneering taxa regarding seedlings colonization, being the most persistent
and frequent symbionts found. Plantations, thus, facilitate the surrounding terrain for newcoming seedlings through the dispersion
of mycorrhizal fungal inocula. 相似文献
969.
Ashutosh Mukherjee Satyesh Chandra Roy S. De Bera Hong-En Jiang Xiao Li Cheng-Sen Li Subir Bera 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(4):481-485
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation and utilization is an ancient practice to human civilization. There are some controversies on the origin
and subsequent spread of this species. Ancient plant DNA has proven to be a powerful tool to solve phylogenetic problems.
In this study, ancient DNA was extracted from an archaeological specimen of Cannabis sativa associated with archaeological human remains from China. Ribosomal and Cannabis specific chloroplast DNA regions were PCR amplified. Sequencing of a species-specific region and subsequent comparison with
published sequences were performed. Successful amplification, sequencing and sequence comparison with published data suggested
the presence of hemp specific DNA in the archeological specimen. The role of Humulus japonicus Sieb. et Zucc. in the evolution of Cannabis is also indicated. The identification of ancient DNA of 2500 years old C. sativa sample showed that C. sativa races might have been introduced into China from the European–Siberian center of diversity. 相似文献
970.
Haifeng Li Bikram S. Gill Xiue Wang Peidu Chen 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2011,58(5):667-678
The genetic stock Chinese Spring PhI (refer as CS-PhI hereafter) with the Ph
I
gene (Ph gene inhibitor, introduced from a high-pairing accession of Aegilops speltoides) was crossed as a male parent to a Tai-gu genic male-sterile wheat with the Tal gene and backcrossed once to CS-PhI to develop the Tal-PhI genetic stock. The Tal-PhI stock, CS-PhI as well as Chinese Spring (CS), were test-crossed using Aegilops peregrina (syn. Aegilops variabilis) to test the effectiveness of the Ph
I
gene inducing homoeologous chromosome pairing in the Tal-PhI stock. At meiotic I(MI) of pollen mother cells (PMCs), the average chromosome pairing of the TC1 testcrosses of TalCSPhIC08–4/Ae. peregrina, TalCSPhIC11–5/Ae. peregrina and CS/Ae. peregrina was 26.81 I + 3.64 II + 0.33
+ 0.07 III + 0.01 IV, 24.75 I + 4.58 II + 0.25
+ 0.21 III + 0.07 IV and 32.25 I + 1.38 II, respectively. These data indicated that the Ph
I
gene could promote homoeologous chromosome pairing in the Tai-gu male sterile background. In order to verify the introgression
of the chromatin from Ae. speltoides into CS in the three CS-PhI lines, a total of 79 SSR primers located on group-3 chromosomes were used for PCR analysis using the genomic DNA of CS, Ae. speltoides and the three CS-PhI lines. Two markers Xwmc505
-110
and Xwmc674
-160
amplified S genome-specific fragments from Ae. speltoides in lines PhIC04–13 and PhIC11–5, providing molecular evidence for the introgression of Ae. speltoides-specific chromatin in the two lines. Furthermore, some 3D-specifc SSR markers were missing in line PhIC04–13, indicating there might be a deletion of chromosome 3D in this line. In further experiments, a BC1 population was produced from the cross of Tal-PhI/Triticum durum-Dasypyrum villosum amphiploid (AABBVV)//CS-PhI, and the progenies were further screened for chromosome recombination by GISH analysis. A homozygous translocation line T5VS·5VL-5DL
was identified from the BC1F2 by genomic in
situ hybridization, C-banding and SSR analysis. The results of the present study demonstrate the Tal-PhI is a useful genetic stock for transferring alien genes into common wheat. 相似文献