小菘菜游离小孢子培养技术研究

以4个引自日本的小菘菜杂交种为试材进行小孢子培养,对影响小菘菜胚状体发生及其成苗的因素进行分析。结果表明：通过游离小孢子培养,获得了大量的小孢子胚状体及再生植株85株;不同基因型间的小孢子胚诱导率差异显著;4 ℃低温预处理24 h对小孢子胚的发生具有促进作用;NLN-13+0.2 mg?L-1 6-BA+0.1 mg?L-1 NAA为适宜的诱胚培养基;50 r?min-1低频振荡培养有利于提高子叶形胚发生的比例;MS+3 %蔗糖+0.75 %琼脂+0.1 g?L-1活性炭是小孢子植株继代和壮苗的适宜培养基;MS+3 %蔗糖+ 0.75 %琼脂+0.1 mg?L-1 NAA是小孢子植株适宜的生根培养基。     

A modified checkbook irrigation method based on GIS-coupled model for regional irrigation scheduling

In this study, a regional irrigation schedule optimization method was proposed and applied in Fengqiu County in the North China Plain, which often suffers serious soil water drainage and nitrogen (N) leaching problems caused by excessive irrigation. The irrigation scheduling method was established by integrating the ‘checkbook irrigation method’ into a GIS-coupled soil water and nitrogen management model (WNMM) as an extension. The soil water and crop information required by the checkbook method, and previously collected from field observations, was estimated by the WNMM. By replacing manually observed data with simulated data from WNMM, the application range of the checkbook method could be extended from field scale to regional scale. The WNMM and the checkbook irrigation method were both validated by field experiments in the study region. The irrigation experiment in fluvo–aquic soil showed that the checkbook method had excellent performance; soil water drainage and N leaching were reduced by 83.1 and 85.6%, respectively, when compared with local farmers’ flood irrigation. Using the validated WNMM, the performance of checkbook irrigation in an entire winter wheat and summer maize rotation was also validated: the average soil water drainage and N leaching in four types of soils decreased from 331 to 75 mm year⁻¹ and 47.7 to 9.3 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, respectively; and average irrigation water use efficiency increased from 26.5 to 57.2 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹. The regional irrigation schedule optimization method based on WNMM was applied in Fengqiu County. The results showed a good effect on saving irrigation water, decreasing soil water drainage and then saving agricultural inputs. In a typical meteorological year, it could save >110 mm of irrigation water on average, translating to >7.26 × 10⁷ m³ of agricultural water saved each year within the county. Annual soil water drainage was reduced to <143 mm and N leaching to <27 kg ha⁻¹ in most soils, all of which were significantly lower than local farmers’ flood irrigation. In the mean time, crop yield also had an average increase of 2,890 kg ha⁻¹ when checkbook irrigation was applied.     

三大粮食作物农机作业成本及效益分析-基于全国26个省的农机户问卷调查

效益是农机发展的动力,而农机作业效益又与农机作业成本密切相关.基于全国26个省市的农机户调查问卷,分析了我国小麦、玉米和水稻三大粮食作物之间以及不同环节之间的农机作业成本对比情况,论述了作业效益与作业量和成本之间的函数关系,进而对影响农机作业效益的因素进行了探讨,并给出了提高农机作业经济效益的对策措施.     

液氮冷媒介质对速冻饺子冻裂率的影响

研究饺子新型冻结技术,探索液氮速冻工艺对调理食品品质的作用规律。该文以饺子为研究对象,和面水面质量比、皮馅质量比、面粉品质、馅料配比、产品规格、冻结时间、冻结方式、冻结介质等诸多因素对饺子冻裂率都有重要影响。该试验以猪肉、香菇、大豆组织蛋白为饺子馅主要原料,研究了和面时的水面质量比、面团的静置时间、皮馅比、饺子在液氮池中的沉浸时间对饺子冻裂率的影响。结果表明:以上四因素对饺子的冻裂率都有不同程度的影响。和面水面质量比为56∶100、面团静置时间在10 min、皮馅质量比在1∶1.3、液氮池沉浸时间为40 s,制作好的饺子在立即速冻后的冻裂率为37%,感官评定得分为77.6。该研究为液氮沉浸速冻工艺在调理食品的应用提供了一定的理论参考。     

"十五"期间农业机械化技术攻关趋势研究

全面分析了"十五"前期国家攻关项目"农业机械化关键技术研究开发"所取得的成果以及解决的关键技术,结合新形势对农业机械化提出的要求,研究了存在问题,提出了"十五"后期农业机械化技术攻关重点的建议.     

酶解法测定L-抗坏血酸磷酸酯含量的研究

L-抗坏血酸磷酸酯是将抗坏血酸中的不稳定基团(在烯醇上的氢)与磷酸盐进行酯化反应,生成的稳定酯类化合物。从根本上解决了抗坏血酸不稳定、易氧化的问题。动物消化道内存在的磷酸酶能将其酶解,释放出抗坏血酸为动物利用,是一种可替代抗坏血酸的饲料添加剂。目前已经报导的测定     

菲莱氏温扬球虫(Wenyonella philiplevinei)小配子发育的超微结构研究

描述了电镜下菲莱氏温扬球虫小配子体的发育和小配子的形成过程。小配子体的发育可分为二个时期:第一期为生长期,是小配子体生长发育和核进行有丝分裂的时期;第二期是小配子实际形成和分化时期,此期可见小配子体表面形成含核和线粒体的突起并逐渐增长,此后小配子仅以后端与小配子母体的基质相连,之后彼此分离。成熟的小配子呈月芽形,核致密,在核前,侧旁有一个线粒体位于鞭毛基体下,呈梭形。小配子前端限制膜下有一块长1.1μm的致密板。鞭毛基体位于体前端,包埋于致密板原基中,两根鞭毛与体部呈锐角向后伸延,后部游离。     

凯特杏设施栽培中应关注的技术问题

在杏的设施栽培中 ,凯特杏已成为首选良种。目前各地在综合管理技术的掌握和运用上 ,还有待进一步完善和提高。作者根据设施栽培研究和示范中的实践经验和生产调查提出 ,在凯特杏设施栽培中应注意合理密植 ,采用适宜树形 ,人工或蜜蜂辅助授粉 ,疏花疏果 ,加强土壤水分管理 ,成熟期果实防护 ,分期采收     

热科院推动海南休闲农业发展的战略分析

分析海南休闲农业发展中存在的问题和趋势,提出热科院的发展战略中应当包括休闲农业的研究、设计、示范和推广,通过对休闲农业的研究提升自身发展层次和水平,同时推动海南休闲农业的发展,推进海南国际旅游岛建设。     

NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐黄瓜品种生长及根区土壤酶活性的影响

在温室中采用槽式栽培方法,以耐盐黄瓜品种津春5号和盐敏感黄瓜品种津优1号为试材,用浓度为525 mg•kg-1的NaCl处理土壤,研究NaCl胁迫对不同耐盐黄瓜品种生长状况及根区土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：NaCl胁迫下盐敏感品种津优1号的单株产量和全株干质量均显著低于耐盐品种津春5号|随着黄瓜生长,盐敏感品种津优1号定植后50 d的叶面积和定植后40 d的土壤脱氢酶活性均显著低于耐盐品种津春5号|NaCl胁迫条件下,定植后30 d、40 d耐盐品种津春5号土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶和脱氢酶活性较盐敏感品种津优1号受抑制程度轻,受盐害程度低,但差异未达到显著水平。