秸秆饲料开发利用现状及前景

农作物秸秆在自然条件下是一种劣质饲料，主要有玉米秸、麦秸、稻草、豆秸、红薯藤、油菜秸、花生秧等。其特点是：粗蛋白含量低，而且品质不佳；粗纤维含量高，其中含有不易被家畜消化的木质素；无氮浸出物含量高，主要成分是半纤维素和聚糖醛酸；有些秸秆质地粗硬，适口性差，采食率极低。但是，对秸秆采用青贮、氨化、碱化、热压力加工、高强度冷压、微生物等方法进行处理后，即能分解木质素，降低粗纤维含量，提高营养价值，提高利用率、消化率、采食速度，增强适口性，增加采食量，达到减少资源浪费的目的。1 秸秆饲料开发利用现状目前…     

Excel在统计教师教学工作量中的应用

利用Excel的表格、函数、VBA编写了教师教学工作量统计程序,能对教学工作量自动计算、快速查询和汇总。并举例介绍了该程序在教学工作量统计和分析当中的应用。     

In vitro effects of plant and mushroom extracts on immunological function of chicken lymphocytes and macrophages

1.?The present study was conducted to examine the effects of organic extracts from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), and shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) on innate immunity and tumor cell viability.

2.?Innate immunity was measured by lymphocyte proliferation and nitric oxide production by macrophages, and the inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth was assessed using a non-radioactive assay. For measuring the cytokine levels in the HD11 macrophages which were treated with extracts of turmeric or shiitake mushroom, the levels of mRNAs for interferon-α (IFN- α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) were quantified by real time RT-PCR.

3.?In vitro culture of chicken spleen lymphocytes with extracts of milk thistle, turmeric, and shiitake and reishi mushrooms induced significantly higher cell proliferation compared with the untreated control cells. Stimulation of macrophages with extracts of milk thistle and shiitake and reishi mushrooms, but not turmeric, resulted in robust nitric oxide production to levels that were similar with those induced by recombinant chicken interferon-γ. All extracts uniformly inhibited the growth of chicken tumor cells in vitro at the concentration of 6·3 through 100 µg/ml. Finally, the levels of mRNAs encoding IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and TNFSF15 were enhanced in macrophages that were treated with extracts of turmeric or shiitake mushroom compared with the untreated control.

4.?These results document the immunologically-based enhancement of innate immunity in chickens by extracts of plants and mushrooms with known medicinal properties in vitro. In vivo studies are being planned to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for their mechanism of action.     

应用电镜技术快速检测培养细胞中的支原体污染

应用电镜技术可快速准确地检测培养细胞中的支原体污染。通过高速离心浓缩样品,负染色后电镜观察,可在30min内做出判定,方法快速、简便、准确。     

重庆雪宝山自然保护区生态安全设计

介绍了重庆雪宝山自然保护区的基本情况、保护区自然资源的主要特色及其科学价值，论述了保护区生态安全设计的指导思想和原则，略述了该设计的主要内容。     

北方塑料暖棚牛舍的设计

本文采用冬季太阳高度角最小,夏季太阳高度角最大,太阳高度角随纬度变化而变化这一原理,确定牛舍棚面闻的计算公式为C=B-h(B：为50“临界值,h为太阳高度角),在舍外温度连-20℃～-30℃时夜间舍内温度达7℃～8℃以上。     

蒽酮-硫酸比色法检测多糖条件的优化

本研究通过单因素实验和L9(33)正交实验优化蒽酮-硫酸比色法检测多糖含量的条件,研究反应温度、反应时间、蒽酮-硫酸液的体积对吸光度值的影响。结果表明,蒽酮-硫酸比色法检测的糖含量的最优条件为蒽酮-硫酸2 mL,于100℃反应10 min。验证实验结果表明,总标糖获得的标准曲线方程A=0.005W-0.0162,r=0.9998,优于葡萄糖标准曲线方程。在620 nm下测定,能得到较高的吸光度值,重现性好。     

肉鸭实验性锰缺乏症及高磷对缺锰影响的病理学研究

６９只一日龄天府肉鸭随机分为三组，各喂以基础、高磷、对照。试验分为两个阶段，第一阶（０－４周）结束时，每组各留２只鸭继续进行第二阶段（５－２０或２６周）试验。缺锰组第一周开始发病，第二周迅速达到高峰。     

单播草坪匍匐翦股颖溶磷菌筛选及溶磷能力的初步研究

对西安地区单播草坪匍匐翦股颖根际联合固氮菌进行分离的基础上,采用PKO无机磷培养基和蒙金娜有机 培养基对匍匐翦股颖根际分离的联合固氮菌(共获得188种分离物)中具有溶磷能力的菌株(占29.3％),通过对菌株溶 磷圈大小的测定,最终筛选出溶磷能力较强菌株4株,分离物溶解无机磷D/d值在1.324~3.014之间;而溶解有机磷的能力 在1.239~2.156之间。     

低压射流不同喷嘴参数及压力下破碎过程实验

研究了不同低压下喷头喷嘴直径和喷嘴锥角对射流破碎的影响。采用高速摄像仪对低压圆柱射流的射流核心长度和射流破碎长度进行实验,测量了不同喷嘴结构的流量、射程和末端水滴直径。结果表明:同一压力下,当喷嘴锥角不变时,随着喷嘴直径的增大,喷头流量、射程和喷头末端水滴直径都变大,射流核心长度和破碎长度均增大;当喷嘴直径不变时,随着喷嘴锥角的增大,喷头流量逐渐减小,而喷头射程呈先增大后减小趋势,喷头末端水滴直径也变大,射流核心长度逐渐减小,射流破碎长度先减小后增大。综合考虑射程和雾化效果,直径为5 mm、锥角为45°的喷嘴为最优选择。同时通过对不同Re数和We数的实验和分析,给出了适合低压喷嘴的两种射流特征长度的拟合关联式。