互花米草生境中人工巢巢捕食研究

为了研究江苏大丰麋鹿国家级自然保护区互花米草生境中繁殖鸟巢的被捕食情况及影响捕食的因素,2014年3~6月,在保护区第三核心区鸟类繁殖生境中,使用人工巢及真实鹌鹑蛋进行巢捕食实验的方法进行巢捕食实验,分析不同巢高度、覆盖度、边缘距离、植被密度等因素对鸟巢被捕食的影响。实验共放置520个人工巢,1 040枚卵,使用红外相机对部分人工巢进行监测。结果表明:在江苏大丰麋鹿自然保护区互花米草生境内,人工巢存在较高的被捕食率,共有352巢被捕食,占67.7%,对11个变量进行逻辑斯蒂回归,巢高度、植被均高、主要植被密度、距边缘距离、水平覆盖度、上层垂直覆盖度等6个变量进人最终模型,巢高度、距边缘距离与巢被捕食显著相关。通过红外相机拍摄从102个监测巢中记录到69个捕食事件,68巢黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)和1巢黑眉锦蛇(Elaphe taeniura)捕食。我们认为互花米草生境中缺乏啮齿类动物的天敌是当地人工巢被捕食的主要原因。     

Isolation, characterization and in vitro mitogenic stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes from an American buffalo.

A rapid and reproducible method is described for the isolation and characterization of leukocytes from the peripheral blood of an American buffalo (bison). Centrifugation of the buffy coat cells on a Percoll gradient (1.079 g/mL) at 650 x g for 20 min resulted in the separation and high yields of pure viable leukocytes. The sheep erythrocyte-rosetting technique (ER) showed that 59% of the cells were ER+ (T lymphocytes). Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated peanut agglutinin and FITC-conjugated concanavalin A revealed 77% and 89% positive cells, respectively. The isolated leukocytes contained adherent accessory cells and functionally active T and B lymphocytes which proliferated in response to both T and B cell mitogens and to exogenous recombinant bovine interleukin-2 in the absence and/or presence of the thiol compound 2-mercaptoethanol.     

胃肠疏通补液方剂的疗效比较

马属家畜肠阻塞仍是目前影响马、骡、驴健康的主要内科疾病之一［１,２］。关于本病的治疗方法较多［３,４］,笔者与传统的方药相比较,临诊观察了胃肠疏通补液方剂的治疗效果,现报道如下。１材料与方法１．１试验动物病畜由兽医临床门诊提供,共１５５匹（头）,分２...     

牛流行热的诊治

自牛流行热在１９７６、１９８３、１９８７、１９９１年４次流行,据不完全统计我市发病牛达２５万余头,死亡近千头,造成了巨大的经济损失。为有力地控制本病的流行,提高治愈率,我们采用中西结合治疗病牛３７０１１头,收到了较好的效果。１　症状　该病有以下４个症候型。１．１　高热继发支气管肺炎型　主要表现为无食欲、发病急、体温高达４２℃。病初表现为呼吸困难、气喘,呼吸８０次／ｍｉｎ左右。重者咳嗽,鼻内纤维蛋白渗出物增多,站立时头颈伸直,卧地困难,卧地时呼吸极度迫促,听诊呼吸音粗励。有干性或湿性罗音,心跳可达…     

Pseudocyst of the spermatic cord of a gelding.

Clinical, echographic, and histopathological features of an unusual enlarging scrotal mass in a 5-year-old gelding are described. Echography of the scrotal mass in this case provided valuable information concerning the nature of the tissue present, and assisted in narrowing the differential diagnosis.     

乙脑病毒PrME基因在杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

本试验将乙型脑炎病毒（ＪＥＶ）的ＰｒＭ／Ｅ基因的ＨｉｎｄⅢ－ＢｇｌⅡ片段（２．１ｋｂ）插入到杆状病毒载体ｐＡｃＵＷ３１的ＢａｍＨＩ位点,使外源基因置于多角体蛋白启动予下游,构建成转移载体ｐＡｃＵＷ３１ＪＥ,以Ｌｉｐｏｆｅｃｔｉｎ作为共转染试剂,将纯化的ｐＡｃＵＷ３１ＪＥ与Ｂｓｕ３６Ｉ线性化的杆状病毒ＡｃＭＮＰＶ．ＬａｃＺＤＮＡ共转染昆虫ｓｆ９经病毒蚀斑纯化技术和Ｘ－ｇａｌ与中性红双重染色技术,随机     

不同植被覆盖盐碱地碱化特征及养分状况

为进行区域耕地保护和质量提升,增加耕地数量,合理开发利用长期处于荒废状态的盐碱地势在必行。本研究采用常规经典的测试方法,对西辽河流域8种植被覆盖盐碱地土壤0-5、5-15、15-30和30-50cm剖面层的土壤有机质、速效养分、碱化特征及离子组成进行了分析。结果表明,不同植被覆盖盐碱地养分含量均不同,玉米(Zea mays)地、羊草(Leymus chinensis)+狗尾草(Setaria viridis)草地的有机质、速效养分含量较高;虎尾草(Chloris virgata)草地、裸地、碱蓬(Suaeda glauca)地的养分含量相近且极显著低于玉米地和羊草+狗尾草草地的养分含量(P0.01)。各生态景观的碱化特征在4个剖面层间均差异极显著(P0.01),羊草+狗尾草的pH、碱化度(ESP)和含盐量在4个剖面层中均低于其它生态景观的;裸地、碱蓬地、芦苇地(Phragmites australis)和芦苇苔草(Carex dariuscula)草地在4个剖面层的pH、ESP和含盐量均较高;碱蓬地与裸地在0-5cm剖面层的Na~+、CO_3~(2-)、HCO_3~-含量较高,玉米地、羊草+狗尾草的CO_3~(2-)和HCO_3~-较低。各植被覆盖地间的离子组成基本呈极显著性差异(P0.01)。由于盐碱化土壤退化到一定程度会变成裸地,不利于改良利用,因此,本研究通过比较不同植被覆盖盐碱地4个剖面层的养分状况和碱化特征,认为羊草+狗尾草覆盖有利于盐碱化土壤的改良。     

Safety of selamectin in dogs

Selamectin is a broad-spectrum avermectin endectocide for treatment and control of canine parasites. The objective of these studies was to evaluate the clinical safety of selamectin for topical use in dogs 6 weeks of age and older, including breeding animals, avermectin-sensitive Collies, and heartworm-positive animals. The margin of safety was evaluated in Beagles, which were 6 weeks old at study initiation. Reproductive, heartworm-positive, and oral safety studies were conducted in mature Beagles. Safety in Collies was evaluated in avermectin-sensitive, adult rough-coated Collies. Studies were designed to measure the safety of selamectin at the recommended dosage range of 6-12mgkg(-1) of body weight. Endpoints included clinical examinations, clinical pathology, gross and microscopic pathology, and reproductive indices. Selected variables in the margin of safety and reproductive safety studies were subjected to statistical analyses. Pups received large doses of selamectin at the beginning of the margin of safety study when they were 6 weeks of age and at their lowest body weight, yet displayed no clinical or pathologic evidence of toxicosis. Similarly, selamectin had no adverse effects on reproduction in adult male and female dogs. There were no adverse effects in avermectin-sensitive Collies or in heartworm-positive dogs. Oral administration of the topical formulation caused no adverse effects. Selamectin is safe for topical use on dogs at the recommended minimum dosage of 6mgkg(-1) (6-12mgkg(-1)) monthly starting at 6 weeks of age, and including dogs of reproducing age, avermectin-sensitive Collies, and heartworm-positive dogs.     

Evaluation of cardiac performance of the dog after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia

Objective: To determine changes in hemodynamic and cardiac energetic parameters in dogs after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. These blood flow alterations are similar to changes seen in splanchnic blood flow in dogs with gastric dilatation volvulus syndrome (GDV). Design: Original experimental study. Setting: Veterinary teaching hospital. Animals: Seven purpose‐bred, intact male dogs. Interventions: Standard midline laparotomy and median sternotomy were performed under general anesthesia. Dogs were instrumented to obtain arterial blood pressure, aortic flow, cardiac chamber pressures, central venous pressure, portal flow, and portal pressure. Colored microsphere technology was used for the determination of myocardial blood flow. Measurements and samples were obtained at baseline, following induction of portal hypertension, and after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Measurements and main results: Left ventricular myocardial blood flow was increased from 81.8±20.1 mL/100 g/min at baseline to 127.7±57.2 mL/100 g/min (P=0.02) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Myocardial oxygen consumption increased from 142.2±27.4 J/min/100 g at baseline to 219.1±33.4 J/min/100 g (P=0.003) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia, but cardiac external work remained unchanged (13.67±6.2 to 13.27±9.6 J/min; P=0.78; power=0.79). Cardiac efficiency decreased from 11.6±6.1% at baseline to 7.6±5.1% (P=0.017) after induction of portal hypertension and gastric ischemia. Conclusions: Transfer of energy within the myocardium was less efficient after induction of portal hypertension and ischemia of the stomach wall. On the basis of these results, alterations in cardiac function associated with GDV may result from deterioration of cardiac efficiency.