作物中4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶的遗传进化分析

4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶(4CL)是苯丙烷类代谢途径的关键酶。2014年着重以水稻、大豆、玉米为研究对象,通过收集4CL基因完整的c DNA和编码氨基酸序列的数据,利用Mobyle、EMB0SS、DNAMAN以及MEGA5.0和Clustalx 1.83等生物信息学软件对数据进行分析比较,从而对4 CL基因的遗传进化及密码子使用进行分析总结。本研究构建了4CL的系统发生树,研究基因的密码子偏好性,比对分析酶的保守区,为进一步研究4-香豆酸辅酶A连接酶在农作物中的应用提供理论支持,为研究其次级代谢产物木质素及黄酮类物质的合成、积累和调控奠定基础。     

干旱条件下锌、锰肥对玉米叶绿素含量的影响

研究了盆栽条件下施用微量元素锌和锰对玉米生长及叶片叶绿素含量的影响。在正常供水和土壤干旱条件下,施用锌、锰肥明显改善了玉米的生长状况和叶片叶绿素含量。干旱情况下,施锌处理的玉米株高增加了11.7%,地上部和地下部干物质增加了37.8%和69.3%,施锰处理的玉米株高增加了12.6%,地上部和地下部干物质增加了24.8%,和29.5%。正常供水条件下,施锌处理的玉米株高、地上部及地下部干物质分别依次增加了10.7%、11.1%和30.3%;施锰处理的玉米分别依次增加了9.0%、7.6%和21.6%。正常供水条件下,施锌使玉米叶片叶绿素a增加了14.3%、叶绿素b增加了15.3%、总叶绿素含量增加了14.8%;施锰使叶绿素a增加了31.7%、叶绿素b增加了40.0%、总叶绿素含量增加了35.8%。干旱情况下,施锌使叶绿素a增加了8.9%、叶绿素b增加了10.23%、总叶绿素含量增加了9.5%。施锰处理的叶绿素a增加了16.3%、叶绿素b增加了11.7%、总叶绿素含量增加了12.6%。     

苹果绵蚜对不同苹果品种枝条的选择及与挥发物的关系

为探讨苹果绵蚜与苹果树的互作关系,用Y形嗅觉仪测试该虫对不同苹果品种枝条的嗅觉反应,顶空萃取枝条挥发物,并进行GC-MS分析.结果表明:该虫在寄主选择时,能被不同品种苹果枝条气味吸引;对珊夏的趋向性最强,平均选择率为71.25%,其次是短枝富士、乔纳金、腾木1号,平均选择率均在60%以上;对首红的最弱,平均选择率仅为56.75%.珊夏枝条挥发物主要成分(E-3-己烯-1-醇、甲酸己酯)的相对含量(14.74%,9.52%)均多于其他品种;首红枝条挥发物主要成分(4-甲基-1,3-戊二烯、乙酸叶醇酯)的相对含量(16.37%,10.27%)均多于其他品种.初步确定,E-3-己烯-1-醇、甲酸己酯可能是对苹果绵蚜有较强引诱作用的重要物质;4-甲基-1,3-戊二烯、乙酸叶醇酯不是引诱苹果绵蚜的物质.     

冰冻雪压对杉木人工林近成熟林分危害调查

以受冰冻雪灾较为严莺的江西省大岗山林区杉木近成熟林分为研究对象,探讨杉木林分结构和立地条件与杉木受损类型及灾害发生程度的关系,得到几点主要结论:1)冰冻雪压造成大岗山林区杉木受害株数比例达66.84%,受灾相当严重,杉木林分受害类型可分为弯梢、断梢、斜干、断干、倒地及翻蔸等6种,其中断干和断梢为最主要的2种受害类型.2)杉木林分结构对冰冻雪压危害具有明显的调节作用,灾害主要发生于径阶相对较小的林木,林分内径阶越大的林木其受害程度明显越轻;林分密度与受害强度具极显著正相关,密度越高,林分受损株数愈多,且密度主要影响断干、翻蔸这2种不可逆的受损类型,合理的密度调控至关重要.3)杉木林分的立地条件与受害程度紧密相关,高海拔、高坡位、陡坡处的林分更易受到冰冻雪压的危害,较高的立地指数有利于杉木在遭受冰冻雪压灾害时减轻损失.     

Changes in red wine soluble polysaccharide composition induced by malolactic fermentation

The polysaccharide content of wine is generally assumed to originate from grapes and yeasts, independent of bacterial metabolism, except for the action of certain spoilage species. This study shows that malolactic fermentation (MLF) significantly modifies the soluble polysaccharide (SP) concentration of various red Bordeaux wines. Wines with the highest initial SP concentration go on to present decreased SP concentration, whereas those with the lowest initial SP concentration rather go on to have a higher SP concentration after MLF. These tendencies were observed whatever the Oenococcus oeni strain (indigenous or starter) used for MLF. Neutral and charged SPs were affected, but to a degree that depended on the microorganisms driving the MLF. The SP modifications were directly linked to bacterial development, because non MLF controls did not present any significant change of SP concentration.     

洛阳红牡丹抑制栽培技术研究

在低温条件下，对洛阳红牡丹植株延长休眠期：根据不同时期需要，解除植株休眠进行人工栽培，实现非自然花期开花，牡丹植株冷藏时间与失重率呈显著正相关，与开花质量呈负相关，冷藏植株间填充物以鲜苔藓和珍珠岩为宜．     

广东省鹅反季节繁殖和生产经济效益分析

广东省是我国主要养鹅省份之一，年出栏约4000多万只商品肉鹅。省内所产的四个地方鹅种如马岗鹅、乌鬃鹅、阳江鹅和狮头鹅，都具有明显的繁殖季节性，表现为从每年的7～8月份进入繁殖产蛋期，至次年的3～4月份进入休产期，全年的产蛋最高峰发生于12月至1月份。季节性繁殖活动造成了雏鹅生产和供应显著的季节性变化，严重困扰了以持续稳定生产为特点的规模化肉鹅生产和新兴的鹅肉食品加工业发展。     

Effects of day and night temperature on photosynthesis,antioxidant enzyme activities,and endogenous hormones in tomato leaves during the flowering stage

To study the effects of day and night temperature difference (DIF) on tomato growth, a controlled experiment using Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. Jinguan 5 was conducted. The daily mean temperature (T_m) was maintained at 18°C and 25°C, and the DIF was set at 0°C, 6°C, and 12°C. The results indicated that chlorophyll a (Chl a) and chlorophyll b (Chl b) gradually increased as DIF rose. At 18°C T_m, the carotenoid content reached a maximum at 12°C DIF. The Chl a/Chl b, net photosynthetic rate (P_N), photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation (P_max), stomatal conductance (g_s), intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i), stomatal limitation value, the maximum assimilation rate (A_max), apparent quantum efficiency (A_q), carboxylation efficiency (C_e), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), gibberellin A₃ (GA₃), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were highest, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was lowest at 6°C DIF. At 25°C T_m, P_N, P_max, A_max, A_q, C_e, g_s, C_i, CAT, POD, GA₃, IAA, and zeatin reached the maximum under 6°C DIF, while SOD and MDA reached the maximum under 12°C DIF. Furthermore, the morphological index peaked at 6°C DIF under 18°C and 25°C T_m. The results suggested that 6°C DIF improved the growth and development of tomato during the flowering stage. ABBREVIATIONS: Aq – apparent quantum efficiency; Amax – the maximum assimilation rate; CAT – Catalase; Chl a(b) – chlorophyll a(b); Ca – ambient CO₂ concentration; Ce – carboxylation efficiency; Ci – intercellular CO₂ concentration; DIF – difference between day temperature (TD) and night temperature(TN); FM – fresh mass; gs – stomatal conductance; GA₃ – gibberellin A₃; IAA – indole-3-acetic acid; Ls – stomatal limitation value; MDA – malondialdehyde; Pmax – photosynthetic rate at irradiation saturation; PN – net photosynthetic rate; POD – peroxidase; ROS – reactive oxygen species; SOD – superoxidedismutase; Tm – daily mean temperature; ZT – zeatin.     

薏苡拔节期光合作用日变化特征研究

以西农薏苡二号为材料,利用LI-6400型便携式光合测定仪,研究拔节期薏苡光合速率的变化及其环境影响因素。结果表明,薏苡净光合速率为10.4￣29.8μmol/(m2·s),净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率的日变化均呈单峰曲线,净光合速率的峰值出现在上午11:00时,中午11:00￣15:00时的平均净光合速率比上午9:00￣11:00时和下午15:00￣17:00时的平均净光合速率高7.8μmol/(m2·s)和6.6μmol/(m2·s)。气孔导度和蒸腾速率的峰值均出现在15:00时。影响光合速率的主要因素是光照和温度。薏苡光合作用的最适温度为31￣37℃,相对湿度33%￣44%,光合有效辐射在470￣710μmol/(m2·s)。     

水稻白叶枯病抗性研究进展

白叶枯病是世界水稻重要病害之一,且已成为研究植物和病原菌互作的模式,对该病的研究对其它病害有借鉴意义。目前已鉴定出29个抗白叶枯病基因,其中17个基因被定位到染色体上,4个基因已被克隆,在这些工作的基础上,已通过分子标记辅助选择和转基因方法育成了一些抗病新品系,展示了水稻抗白叶枯病分子育种的广阔前景。