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81.
The global seafood industry, influenced by consumer demand, is closely linked to the global fishing industry, which determines the variety of fish available for consumption. The recently revealed issue of seafood mislabelling threatens to weaken this link by removing consumer power to influence patterns of fisheries exploitation through informed choice. Recognizing this, there is an urgent need to go beyond the mere documentation of the phenomenon and learn more about the origins of this problem and the nature of factors influencing its occurrence to develop solutions. In an attempt to understand seafood mislabelling more thoroughly in Europe, 226 cod products were purchased from Ireland and the UK, genetically identified using a DNA barcoding technique (COI barcoding gene), and species identification results were compared against product labels. Cod mislabelling proved more severe in Ireland than in the UK (28.4% vs. 7.4%). Moreover, whereas data show that in Ireland, cheaper species are sold as cod, in the UK, threatened Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) may be sold as ‘sustainably sourced’ Pacific cod. Considering these countries operate under the same EU policies for seafood traceability and labelling, it is likely that this situation has been influenced by heightened consumer awareness in the UK, which has created an environment where mislabelling is discouraged. In addition to identifying samples, traceability information from packaged cod was used to trace products back to supplying companies. Although inconclusive in determining blame, this exercise has demonstrated that using traceability information can add explanatory power when attempting to determine responsibility for the occurrence of mislabelling. 相似文献
82.
Annual survival probabilities of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles indicate high anthropogenic impact on Mediterranean populations 下载免费PDF全文
Paolo Casale Daniela Freggi Giovanni Furii Carola Vallini Pasquale Salvemini Michele Deflorio Giovanni Totaro Stefano Raimondi Caterina Fortuna Brendan J. Godley 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2015,25(5):690-700
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83.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—ULTRASONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE METASTASES IN A DOG WITH HEMANGIOSARCOMA 下载免费PDF全文
Martina Fabbi Stefano Di Palma Sabrina Manfredi Giacomo Gnudi Francesca Miduri Eleonora Daga Gabriele Costantino Melis Ezio Bianchi Simone Voccia Antonella Volta 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2017,58(6):E64-E67
A 13‐year‐old spayed female German shepherd dog was presented for acute onset of lethargy, anorexia, and disseminated erythematous skin lesions. Thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasonographic findings were consistent with metastatic hemangiosarcoma. Multiple, ill‐defined, irregularly shaped hypoechoic nodules were also detected within the thoracic and abdominal wall. Hemangiosarcoma metastases to the skeletal muscle were confirmed based on histopathological examination. Multivisceral involvement was also confirmed by necropsy. Metastatic neoplasia should be considered as a differential diagnosis for dogs with ill‐defined, irregular, hypoechoic, intramuscular nodules. 相似文献
84.
85.
Elena Testani Gabriele Campanelli Fabrizio Leteo Corrado Ciaccia Stefano Canali Fabio Tittarelli 《Compost science & utilization》2017,25(2):112-119
In the past decade, the increasing environmental concerns regarding the use of non-renewable resources, such as peat, for growing media production has led to a search for alternative materials as substrate components. Until now, compost represents the most investigated one. Despite the critical aspects related to compost use (i.e., its high pH, salinity, and potential content of toxic elements), partial peat substitution with this material represents an achievable objective. In this study, green compost was evaluated as a component of peat substrates for organic sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling production. Three compost rates (CR) were compared: 0 (peat without compost), 30, and 60% of compost v/v. Two pepper cultivars, one derived from a local (medium-Adriatic) germplasm (L) and a commercial hybrid (H), were tested. Furthermore, organic fertilizers based on hydrolyzed proteins, of animal (A) and vegetal (V) origin, were compared. Substrates were analyzed for characterization (pH, EC, nutrient contents, heavy metals). Seedling performances were evaluated in terms of size, biomass, nutrient uptake, and toxic element contents. Indices able to assess seedling resistance to transplant stress were also calculated. Results showed that CR60 treatment was able to produce seedlings with the same biomass of control. CR30, instead, assured the same chance to resist the transplanting stress of CR0. The performances of fertilizer A were significantly higher than those of fertilizer V. Local germplasm (L) showed the highest resistance to transplant stress, while H was more performing in nitrogen uptake. The risk of seedling contamination by toxic elements resulted negligible. 相似文献
86.
Mark E. Hines Stefano Covelli Jadran Faganeli Milena Horvat 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(7):1961-1971
Purpose
Concentrations and transformations of mercury were measured in river, estuarine, and marine sediments to determine factors affecting the fate of mercury entering the northern Adriatic Sea.Materials and methods
Radiotracer methodology was used to compare rates of mercury methylation (203Hg), MeHg demethylation (14C), and sulfate reduction (35S) in sediment depth profiles to concentrations of total and dissolved mercury species in the lower freshwater region of the Isonzo River, the coastal lagoons, and in the Gulf of Trieste, northern Adriatic Sea.Results and discussion
Mercury was readily methylated and demethylated in all sediments, but the relative activity of these processes varied greatly with location. Methylation activity increased greatly from freshwater to the marine regions; however, demethylation was extremely high in the estuarine and lagoon sites. Ratios of methylation to demethylation were low in these coastal sites but increased further offshore in the gulf, which agreed with increased ratios of MeHg to total Hg (%MeHg) in gulf sediments. Comparisons of microbial activities indicated that sulfate reduction strongly controlled both methylation and demethylation. However, Hg methylation in coastal lagoon sediments was controlled by rapid demethylation and the bioavailability of Hg that was affected by Hg adsorption and precipitation. Methylation in offshore marine sites correlated with sulfate reduction but not the partitioning of Hg between pore water and solid phases. The decrease in sulfide production offshore exacerbated Hg methylation.Conclusions
The freshwater to marine gradient in the Idrija/So?a/Isonzo/Adriatic region is dynamic, exhibiting horizontally variable rates of microbial activities and Hg transformations that create “hot spots” of MeHg accumulation that are controlled differently in each region.87.
A forest road network in northeastern Italy was explored by field investigations to evaluate the cost of covering annual demand
of woodchips according to three scenarios. The first scenario (A) considered the current extent of the forest road network
(mainly tractor road) and the associated qualitative characteristics; the second scenario (B) evaluated the possibility of
increasing the availability of the technical amount of forest biomass by extending the forest road network by three tractor
roads (3.9 km); the third scenario (C) considered the impact on woodchip supply of converting 9.3 km of tractor forest road
into truck forest road. At a woodchip price of 60 € t−1, the cost–supply curve of scenario C indicated a woodchip amount of 2886 t year−1, which was 561 t year−1 greater than scenario A and 161 t year−1 greater than scenario B. 相似文献
88.
Shaw DE Maragakis P Lindorff-Larsen K Piana S Dror RO Eastwood MP Bank JA Jumper JM Salmon JK Shan Y Wriggers W 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6002):341-346
Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are widely used to study protein motions at an atomic level of detail, but they have been limited to time scales shorter than those of many biologically critical conformational changes. We examined two fundamental processes in protein dynamics--protein folding and conformational change within the folded state--by means of extremely long all-atom MD simulations conducted on a special-purpose machine. Equilibrium simulations of a WW protein domain captured multiple folding and unfolding events that consistently follow a well-defined folding pathway; separate simulations of the protein's constituent substructures shed light on possible determinants of this pathway. A 1-millisecond simulation of the folded protein BPTI reveals a small number of structurally distinct conformational states whose reversible interconversion is slower than local relaxations within those states by a factor of more than 1000. 相似文献
89.
Passamonti F Veronesi F Cappelli K Capomaccio S Coppola G Marenzoni ML Piergili FD Verini SA Coletti M 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》2010,33(1):73-83
Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis, affects several species of wild and domesticated mammals, including horses. In this work we compared direct and indirect methods to evaluate A. phagocytophilum presence in Central Italy: 135 sera were screened by IFA for A. phagocytophilum and other haemopathogens (Theileria equi and Babesia caballi). Each horse was also tested for A. phagocytophilum 16S rRNA with a nested-PCR technique. In order to examine the risk of A. phagocytophilum transmission, 114 ticks were examined for the presence of A. phagocytophilum by PCR targeting the 16S rRNA. The seroprevalence against A. phagocytophilum was 17.03% and 11 horses (8.14%) showed positive PCR results. The concordance rate of A. phagocytophilum detection between IFAT and PCR had a K value of 0.34. 相似文献